Aircraft Hangar Research Articles

일제강점기 항공시설의 입지 및 비행기 격납고(엄체)의 특성 ― 전남 무안･경남 사천･경북 영천을 중심으로 ―

일제강점기 항공시설의 입지 및 비행기 격납고(엄체)의 특성 ― 전남 무안･경남 사천･경북 영천을 중심으로 ―

A comparative study on the seismic performance of long span Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) structures

The strain hardening fiber reinforced concrete—generally known as the Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC)—has rapidly gained the attention of researchers in recent years. However, most of the research on ECC is limited to material and member level, leaving a gap in the understanding of its behavior at the structural scale. Therefore, this study investigates the global seismic response of ECC structures and compares their performance with conventional reinforced concrete (RC) structures. For this purpose, a case study long span building structure (an aircraft hangar having a span length of 40 m) is selected. Under the design-level gravity and lateral loads, its members are separately designed using the conventional RC and ECC. It is observed that for ECC members, the requirement of longitudinal steel is reduced by 30% when compared with the conventional RC members. Similarly, owing to an improved tensile behavior, the ECC members also exhibited a higher shear capacity than RC members, resulting in a significant reduction in the requirement of transverse reinforcement. The detailed inelastic finite element models for both design cases (RC and ECC) were subjected to the pushover analysis and nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) to assess their seismic performance. It is observed that (in terms of local and global seismic demands, structural damage, and ductile behavior) the performance of the ECC structure is significantly improved when compared to the conventional RC structure. The comparative cost analysis showed a reduction of 11.9% in the overall material cost of the ECC structure as compared to RC. These results show that ECC can be effectively used at the full structural level as an economic solution to ensure the ductile response and superior seismic performance.

A real-time digital twin for active safety in an aircraft hangar

The aerospace industry prioritises safety protocols to prevent accidents that can result in injuries, fatalities, or aircraft damage. One of the potential hazards that can occur while manoeuvring aircraft in and out of a hangar is collisions with other aircraft or buildings, which can lead to operational disruption and costly repairs. To tackle this issue, we have developed the Smart Hangar project, which aims to alert personnel of increased risks and prevent incidents from happening. The Smart Hangar project uses computer vision, LiDAR, and ultra-wideband sensors to track all objects and individuals within the hangar space. These data inputs are combined to form a real-time 3D Digital Twin (DT) of the hangar environment. The Active Safety system then uses the DT to perform real-time path planning, collision prediction, and safety alerts for tow truck drivers and hangar personnel. This paper provides a detailed overview of the system architecture, including the technologies used, and highlights the system’s performance. By implementing this system, we aim to reduce the risk of accidents in the aerospace industry and increase safety for all personnel involved. Additionally, we identify future research directions for the Smart Hangar project.

A probabilistic analysis of non-military hangar fire protection systems

The United States Air Force (USAF) dictates policy for foam fire suppression systems in their hangars. In November 2021, the USAF issued a Sundown Policy for Foam Fire Suppression Systems. The National Fire Protection Association’s Standard on Aircraft Hangars, NFPA 409 serves a similar function. This article uses a real-world installation and analysis of the hangar fire protection scheme stipulated in the USAF Sundown Policy as compared to an installation in compliance with NFPA 409. Applying the Poisson process for a zero-inflated probability distribution, the data referenced for the event tree were evaluated and thereafter validated. The analysis shows that the installation of hangar fire protection stipulated in the USAF Sundown Policy achieves a better performance for the fire protection system than an installation in compliance with NFPA 409, insofar as the risk analysis is concerned. Second, the installation of a fire protection system that complies with the requirements of NFPA 409 fails to achieve the basic probabilistic performance promulgated by the International Code Council’s Performance Code (ICCPC). The validation also demonstrated that the scenario involving the accidental discharge of fire foam was significantly more likely to occur compared to that involving only fire occurrences.

Mobile Robot Obstacle Detection and Avoidance with NAV-YOLO

Intelligent robotics is gaining significance in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) hangar operations, where mobile robots navigate complex and dynamic environments for Aircraft visual inspection. Aircraft hangars are usually busy and changing, with objects of varying shapes and sizes presenting harsh obstacles and conditions that can lead to potential collisions and safety hazards. This makes Obstacle detection and avoidance critical for safe and efficient robot navigation tasks. Conventional methods have been applied with computational issues, while learning-based approaches are limited in detection accuracy. This paper proposes a vision-based navigation model that integrates a pre-trained Yolov5 object detection model into a Robot Operating System (ROS) navigation stack to optimise obstacle detection and avoidance in a complex environment. The experiment is validated and evaluated in ROS-Gazebo simulation and turtlebot3 waffle-pi robot platform. The results showed that the robot can increasingly detect and avoid obstacles without colliding while navigating through different checkpoints to the target location.

Analysis of cost-effectiveness of aircraft hangar reconstruction under new usability requirements

Analysis of cost-effectiveness of aircraft hangar reconstruction under new usability requirements

Intelligent Aircraft Hangar Fire Detection and Location System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Aircraft hangar fire detection systems are essential for protecting both the facility's assets and the contents of an aircraft. In terms of predicting a fire outbreak at an aircraft hangar, the Intelligent Aircraft Hangar Fire detection is considered as a high-performance system that is designed based on the principle of a wireless sensor network (WSN), which operates by employing three sensor nodes at different locations inside the aircraft hangar to transmit gas concentrations in the air to a base station (BS) and send the resulting data from the sensor nodes to a server for analysis and visualization of the risk level. The server uses Machine Learning (ML) techniques to analyze the acquired data along with the sample gas data and displays the report in real time. When the smoke (gas) concentration is high, the server predicts a fire outbreak by displaying a high concentration zone on the Graphic User Interface (GUI). By this, the server automatically issues a warning and identifies the potential fire location. The technology is built to protect aircraft assets, hangar buildings, and human (personnel) life. A crucial part in the early detection of fire is played by the intelligent system

Analysis of full-scale wind and pressure measurements on a low-rise frame-supported fabric expedient aircraft hangar

The use of lightweight fabric structures as a substitute for traditional building materials, such as wood, concrete, masonry, and steel has become more commonplace. Attractive selection criteria include speed of construction as well as being an economically affordable alternative for many owners. However, lightweight fabric structures come with unique engineering considerations such as the increased vulnerability to environmental loading from wind and snow when compared to more traditional and massive (i.e., heavier) building systems. This paper examines the wind-induced response of an in-service 818 SM (8,800 sf) frame-supported fabric Large-Area Maintenance Structure monitored using a suite of structural and environmental instrumentation. Analysis of such structures is missing in the published literature. The study evaluates structural performance relative to the structural design parameters and assumptions using a combination of an in-situ monitoring study, numerical modeling, and targeted material and component-level testing that characterized accurate fundamental material properties and the behavior of key connections. The study finds a high degree of uncertainty in the longitudinal load path for the Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) due to the flexibility of the structure. Additionally, irregularly shaped structures that deviate significantly from rectangular, gable-roofed structures, wind tunnel testing or other means should be used to demonstrate that the maximum wind effects are adequately enveloped. This study also demonstrates a framework for fully remote structural monitoring systems that can provide near-continuous monitoring of the structural response of in-service structures.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fire Robots for the Protection of Transport Infrastructure Facilities

The paper considers a methodology for modeling fire dynamics when evaluating the effectiveness of fire robots to protect various objects of transport infrastructure with a high fire load on the example of an aircraft hangar. It is shown that the simulation of fire protection means with varying parameters can distort the results of the evaluation obtained on the basis of simulation. A comparative analysis of different ways of simulating the work of fire robots in the simulation of a fire resulting from the spill and ignition of aviation fuel in an area of 200 sq. m., in a hangar has been carried out.

Comparison of Pinned Support and Fixed Support Pre-Engineering Aircraft Hangar

Abstract: Conventional steel buildings are an old concept that requires a significant amount of time and money. To modify A pre-engineering concept is being developed for this problem. It introduced to the Indian market in 1990’s.PEB concept is totally versatile due to its quality, prefabrication, light weight and economical construction. In structural engineering, a pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a manufacturer to be fabricated using a pre-determined inventory of raw materials and manufacturing methods that can efficiently satisfy a wide range of structural and aesthetic design requirements. Pre engineered steel buildings can be fitted with different structural accessories including mezzanine floors, canopies, fascias, interior partitions etc. and the building is made water proof by use of special mastic beads, filler strips and trims. A hangar is a closed structure to hold aircraft or spacecraft in protective storage. Hangars are used for protection from weather, protection from direct sunlight, maintenance, repair, manufacture, assembly and storage of aircraft on airfields, aircraft carriers and ships. In this study, a 60m clear span aircraft hangar is developed using STAAD Pro and compared to a C- Section and H- section PEB.

Comparison of C- Section and H -Section Pre-Engineering Aircraft Hangar

Abstract: The advent of the Pre-Engineered Building concept in recent years has aided in design optimization. Long span, column-free buildings are critical in any sort of engineering construction, and Pre-Engineered Building meet this criterion while optimization of money& time over traditional structures. This approach is adaptable not only because of its high-quality predesigned and prefabrication, but also because of its light weight and cost-effective construction. In this study, a 60m clear span aircraft hangar is developed using STAAD.Pro and compared to a C- Section and H- section PEB.

Application of Virtual Reality Method in Aircraft Maintenance Service—Taking Dornier 228 as an Example

Flight safety and airlines operation have been at the center of research since aircraft were first invented, as even slight errors in aircraft maintenance may cause serious accidents. Thus, aircraft maintenance is critical to the aviation industry all the time. To prevent maintenance errors, it is important to train for aviation maintenance. Therefore, an aircraft maintenance virtual reality (AMVR) system was developed in this study. For a Dornier-228 aircraft, a walk-around visual inspection of its fuel system was designed and tested in a virtual environment. For the system, CATIA V5 and Unity 3D software were used for designing the 3D model of the aircraft and developing the visual environment, respectively. With the software, the visual environment of the aircraft hangar was created for the system. The developed system was tested by students to validate the effectiveness of using the AMVR system in training. The students acknowledged that the system was beneficial to their learning, which proved that the developed system is highly effective for training students to improve aircraft maintenance skills.

RO-LOAM: 3D Reference Object-based Trajectory and Map Optimization in LiDAR Odometry and Mapping

We propose an extension to the LiDAR Odometry and Mapping framework (LOAM) that enables reference object-based trajectory and map optimization. Our approach assumes that the location and geometry of a large reference object are known, e.g., as a CAD model from Building Information Modeling (BIM) or a previously captured dense point cloud model. We do not expect the reference object to be present in every LiDAR scan. Our approach uses the poses of the LOAM algorithm as an initial guess to refine them with scan-to-model alignment. To evaluate if the alignment was accurate, an EKF-based motion prior filtering step is employed. Subsequently, the past trajectory is optimized by adding the model-aligned pose as a pose graph constraint and the map of the LOAM algorithm is corrected to improve future localization and mapping. We evaluate our approach with data captured in a visual airplane inspection scenario inside an aircraft hangar. A 3D LiDAR sensor is mounted via a gimbal on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and is continuously actuated. We compare the localization accuracy of the LOAM and R-LOAM algorithms when enabling or disabling our proposed reference object-based trajectory and map optimization extension. For three recorded datasets, enabling the proposed extension yields a reduction in Absolute Pose Error compared to conventional LOAM and R-LOAM, while being able to run online. This reduces drift and improves map quality.

Post disaster adaptation management in airport: A coordination of runway and hangar resources for relief cargo transports

Air traffic congestions for processing relief cargos under post-disaster relief scenarios are common, due to high transport demands within a short time. To enhance the resilience of relief operations at airport, an optimization problem of relief air cargo transportations involving aircraft sequencing and loading/unloading within a designated hangar is studied in this paper. The objective is minimizing the tardiness in fulfilling inbound and outbound relief cargos. A mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated, which incorporates aircraft sequencing and hangar parking planning. To resolve the practical problem efficiently, we propose a two-stage optimization approach, which reduces complexity in solving the original model by coordinating the decisions of aircraft landing and take-off schedule and cargo hangar parking arrangement through iterations. The efficiency of the proposed method is examined through the computational results. High-quality solutions can be obtained by the two-stage optimization method within a reasonable time for practical implementation, which enhances the responsiveness and resource utilization of airport operations management under disaster relief situations.

A novel Technology of Ground Joint Construction on Floor of Aircraft Hangar

A maintenance hangar of in Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was selected as an engineering case to show a novel technology of ground joint construction presented in this paper. The construction of the ground joint was described in detail and some conclusions were therefore summarized to show the effectiveness of the technology. The total area of the test section is 33000 square meters, which made a great difficulty in construction process. In order to avoid cracking in concrete, the ground concrete was casted by block and a new implement name “armor seam” was used to control boundary between different concrete blocks. After the implementation of new technology and implement, the flatness and wear resistance of ground, the compactness and integrality of concrete all had great improvement.

Hangar fire detection alarm with algorithm for extinguisher

A fire alarm is a high-performance system that detects smoke, heat or flames and actuates fire suppression system, for the protection of lives and property. It is employed in aircraft hangars for the protection of aircraft, personnel as well as the hangar structure. The need for a fire alarm in a hangar with algorithm for extinguishers cannot be overemphasized. The structure of the hangar building, type of aircraft housed in the hangar and activities carried out at the hangar such as inspections, overhauls and modifications of aircraft, determine the type of fire alarm to be used, whether it should be automatic or manual [2]. The detection employed, be it smoke detection, heat sensing or both and the process of extinguishing in the face of a fire threat or hazard is equally important. The effectiveness of the alarm is dependent on genuine alerts and not false alarm triggers, hence in this research paper, the employment of intelligent detection using comparators in programmed IC, the Micro-controller, was interfaced with a 555 Timer, a multi-vibrator for generating aural sound for alarm, LCD Display for indicated readings as well as algorithm for extinguishing using water or foam via sprinklers. The basic work started with a block diagram representation, thereafter, individual subsystems, which form the building blocks were analyzed and the components parts identified. A circuit diagram for the project was analyzed and built using Proteus. This was simulated and found to be achievable, hence a program was written in C++ for the micro-controller using Arduino Language known as the source code. The results show hangar fire detection alarm with algorithm for extinguishing and was investigated as an effective means of suppressing fire threat in the hangar [4].

Weight Calculation of Risk Factors of Aircraft Hangar Fire Suppression System using AHP

Aircraft hangars are used to store and maintain aircraft. Although the frequency of fires in such hangars is low, the physical damage caused by a fire can be extremely large, and thus it is important to verify the reliability of an automatic fire suppression system. For intensive fire management, it is necessary to identify the risk factors of an automatic fire suppression system and calculate the weights for each factor. In this study, through a hierarchical analysis, fire risk factors of an automatic fire suppression system used in aircraft hangars were identified and the weights for each risk factor were calculated. As the analysis results indicate, the risk of failing in the initial fire suppression factor of foamhead fire suppression system was the highest among the 26 items considered and the calculated weight can be used as basic data necessary for a future quantitative fire risk assessment of an aircraft hangar fire suppression system.

WITHDRAWN: An experimental investigation of thermocol impregnated ferrocement panel as an alternate building material

Ferrocement is a composite material and widely used for the manufacturing of aircraft hangar, boats, marine structures, light roofs etc. The application of ferrocement is numerous and due to its flexibility and durability, it gains the popularity day by day. It is a prefabricated composite and can be molded in any shape. Also, it is a flexible material and has good resistance against thermal and vibrations. Due to this ferrocement is most suitable for structures having curved surfaces such as boat, shell, domes, water tanks etc. It is cost effective and requires low maintenance. Ferrocement generally consists of thin steel wire meshes enclosed by cementitious materials. Different design of ferrocement is proposed in the past in which various layers of steel meshes and different type of cementitious materials are used. However, further improvement in its design is still going on. Sometimes in the manufacturing of ferrocement a core material which increases its resistance against impact and heat is placed. In the present research, a core material thermocol has been used in the construction of ferrocement and termed as ‘thermocol impregnated ferrocement’. The present paper describes the experimental investigation carried out to understand the behavior of thermocol impregnated ferrocement panels with different layers of meshes.

Método para el descenso o ascenso de un edificio de cuatro plantas. Aplicaciones derivadas.

Se presenta la aplicación práctica del descenso de 1400 mm de un edificio de cuatro plantas de hormigón armado recortando entre planta cimentación y planta baja. Se describe el modelo mecánico empleado, así como cuestiones de diseño constructivo fundamentales para llevar a cabo la operación. Tras la descripción del mismo se describen sucintamente aplicaciones que pueden darse de la técnica descrita, tales como el ascenso de edificios por crecida del nivel de agua circundante, la ampliación de hangares de aviones o recrecidos de gálibo de instalaciones industriales evitando demoliciones.

A genetic algorithm for optimizing space utilization in aircraft hangar shop

AbstractThis study considers the aircraft placement problem in aircraft hangar shops (AHS) encountered by aircraft service companies. AHSs usually have irregular shapes, and aircraft, too, have special shapes. Moreover, frequent operations involving moving aircraft in and out are complicated. For these reasons, aircraft placement is difficult. The present study deals with operations management in AHS to optimize space utilization by placing a greater number of aircraft, which would greatly benefit aircraft services companies. Herein, a novel genetic algorithm (GA) based approach is applied to optimize space utilization. To exactly express the problem, practical and operational principles, including both in AHS and in outdoor areas, are abstracted based on interviews with the staff of an aircraft service company. Then, the placement space is modeled in an x–y coordinate system. In addition, a two‐dimensional geometry model for aircraft, consisting of seven parameters, is developed. Based on these works, a novel GA for solving the aircraft placement problem is developed. Finally, a practical instance with eight aircraft serviced by a company is tested. All eight aircraft are placed well by using the proposed approach. Compared to the previous scenario, where at most seven aircraft could be placed well, the proposed approach will greatly benefit aircraft service companies.