Air Transport Sector Research Articles

A topologia das linhas aéreas no Brasil: novas lógicas do poder territorial

Discussing the business strategies in the Brazilian air transport sector requires an analysis about the performance of the main companies in this market: Latam Airlines, Gol Airlines, Avianca Brazil and Azul Brazilian Airlines. The activities of these companies are concentrated in the main airports of Brazil, especially in the fixed airports located in the Concentrated Region of the country. The territorial configuration of flights is a trend that comes from the performance of the old company Varig Brazilian Airlines, which centralized its flights in the main hubs of Brazil, starting from a regional base until becoming recognized worldwide before going bankrupt, causing the shrinkage of its air network and defining an end point in its expansion. Today, it is observed that there is a new logic of capital that has redefined this flights aerial topology with a distribution from the airports located in the Concentrated Region of the country. There is a territorial rearticulation, based on a relative decentralization of the national connections in a process of valorization of the regional scale, like the company Azul Brazilian Airlines, that increased exponentially the service of air transport in those places where there was an underutilized demand. Thus, this article aims, based on a historical-geographical approach, to analyze and discuss the Brazilian air sector as a way to verify how the strategy articulates the dynamics of capital to a territorial power.

HİZMET KALİTESİ ÖLÇÜMÜNE YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: CODAS YÖNTEMİ İLE HAVAYOLU İŞLETMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Havayolu taşımacılığı sektörünün büyük bir gelişim yaşadığı son 40 yıllık süreçte, havayolu işletmeleri rekabetçi üstünlük sağlamak amacıyla hizmet performanslarını geliştirmeye odaklanmışlardır. Bu doğrultuda, sunulan hizmetlere yönelik kalite algısının ölçülmesi amacıyla farklı yaklaşımlar kullanılırken, son yıllarda Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinin kullanımı öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da, havayolu taşımacılığı sektörüne odaklanılarak hizmet kalitesi ölçümüne yeni bir yaklaşımın getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Güncel yöntemlerden biri olan CODAS yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, 11 havayolu işletmesinin 7 değerlendirme kriterine göre hizmet kalitesi performansları bakımından ele alındığı veri seti analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca uygulama sonrasında sonuçların tutarlılığının ölçümü için duyarlılık analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle greenhouse gas mitigation cost of five routes to bio-jet fuel blendstocks

Decarbonizing the air transportation sector remains one of the most challenging hurdles to mitigating climate change.

Market strategy development and innovation to strengthen consumer-based equity: The case of Brazilian airlines

A brand valued by passengers would be able to convey quality and credibility, adds value to air transport the service, and increases passengers' willingness to pay a premium for tickets. However, studies on consumer-based brand equity in the air transport sector have been scarce, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. This study examines the relationship between marketing strategies adopted by Brazilian airlines in the domestic market and the strengthening of consumer-based brand equity (particularly brand associations with brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand loyalty). A literature review and a survey of 33 managers from Brazil's top airlines were conducted to develop the study's conceptual model. To empirically test the model, another survey was conducted on 480 passengers at six airports in the central western, southern, and southeastern regions of Brazil and the data analyzed via structural equation modeling. The results show that joint investments are necessary for innovation in service, price promotion, and event sponsorship in order to strengthen the key consumer-based brand dimensions. This study provides a basis for the development of future studies on passenger-based brand equity and helps airlines target their marketing strategies with maximum effectiveness.

ECOLOGIC PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATION OF A TURBOJET ENGINE UNDER ON-DESIGN CONDITIONS

Interest in air transportation in the last decade has seen aviation fleet growth and a rise in the energy consumption of aircraft. In accordance with the latest data, the air transportation sector consumes 7.5% of total oil consumption worldwide. This high share by air transportation forces designers and researchers to develop more efficient propulsion systems by considering the constant rise in energy costs. In the current paper, an exergy based sustainability assessment of a turbojet engine under design point conditions is presented while two novel ecological performance indicators, namely the ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance, are introduced for the turbojet engine. These ecological performance indicators can be considered useful for improving the efficiency of any turbojet engine. As a result of an exemplifying analysis, the exergy efficiency, exergy sustainability index, ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance have been calculated to be 50.13%, 0.503, 68.294 kW and 1.005, respectively. In the light of the results, the author concludes that the exergy destruction rate of the turbojet engine should be minimized to improve the sustainability index and ecological coefficient of performance, while increasing or maintaining a constant thrust of the examined turbojet engine.

The Destination Experience Through Stopover Tourism – Bucharest Case Study

Over the years, the evolution of the air transport sector has determined important changes in the tourism industry. One of the consequences of the liberalization of air transport has been the development of the “hub-and-spoke” system, used by traditional airlines in order to be more efficient in a highly competitive environment. As air traffic significantly developed worldwide, “hubs” became highly connected places concentrating an increasing number of transit passengers. At the same time, the liberalization of the airline industry has stimulated both airline and airport competition, therefore, vertical partnerships have become an interesting option for airlines, as well as airports. Moreover, considering that transiting traffic represents a potential tourism market, tourism organizations have also started to get involved in the process. “Stopover tourism” is a new type of tourism based on the partnership between airlines, airports and tourism organizations, with the purpose to turn transiting passengers into stayover tourists. This paper focuses on building a better understanding of how “stopover tourism” type programs can enhance tourism development, identifying the characteristics of this form of tourism and the measures that need to be taken by the authorities in order to encourage its development and investigates the possibility of implementing it in Romania. In order to achieve these objectives, the research was conducted using analysis of secondary data included in several scientific journals and publication, as well as primary data collection, through qualitative research, having as interviewees, experts from the airline industry and from tourism organizations in Romania.

Prospects for air policy liberalization in China as a Result of China-ASEAN Open Skies: Changing role of Chinese mega carriers in global scene and anticipated Low Cost Carrier competition

The objective of this study is to predict the direction of change in China's airline policy in the next decade. This is done by (a) reviewing performance of Chinese mega airlines and predicting their changing global role which will have strong influence on Chinese air policy; (b) changing role of airline industry in the modern economy; and (c) impacts of South East Asian LCCs' penetration into a large number of Chinese major cities enabled by the recent China-ASEAN Open Skies Agreement, and its anticipated impacts on China's LCC policy. Our analysis led us to conclude that if China's air policy makers encourage 80 + major cities to initiate made-in-China LCCs, it would solve the looming short-term policy disaster (losing the majority of China-ASEAN markets to SE Asian LCCs); help solve an important medium-term policy goal of inducing Chinese mega carriers to get more efficient vs. competing foreign carriers; and the long-term need for preparing China's mega carriers to claim the global leadership roles such as setting standards on the global civil air transport sector. Such policy will also better serve both consumers and the Chinese economy as a whole as the more efficient and convenient air services would help tourism, international trade sectors that airlines need to support, in order to maximize its total contribution to the Chinese economy.

“Problematizing” carbon emissions from international aviation and the role of alternative jet fuels in meeting ICAO's mid-century aspirational goals

Alternative jet fuels are one of the four mechanisms by the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to limit and reduce carbon emissions from international aviation. By using Carol Bacchi's what's the problem represented to be? method of discourse analysis, the objective of this paper was to identify and understand the premises and effects of the problem-solving paradigm underlying ICAO's alternative jet fuel strategy. As a result, three problem representations were identified, from which two out of four underlying assumptions have reinforced ICAO's weak sustainability approach to international aviation's growth and have led to a number of discursive, subjectification and lived effects. The selected method also allowed the authors to identify several options to disrupt those premises in favor of the implementation of more aggressive mitigation and adaptation strategies without constraining air travel demand, including: (i) raising awareness of the environmental impacts of aviation beyond the tailpipe emissions, (ii) improving the understanding of the effects of climate change on the air transport sector, and (iii) reassessing the sectoral approach to the Sustainable Development Goals so as to gain consistency with the aims of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

The Influence of the 4Ps on Passengers' Purchasing Decision-Making: the Case of LCCs

The liberalization of air transport industry in the USA by 1978 and then in the early 1990s in the Eu, that was resulted in having the LCCs, has led to significant changes in the global air transport sector .The success of LCCs, and their acquisition of a large market share in the air transport sector are due to the fact that such firms rely mostly on providing the air transport services with a competitive price for passengers. The study pursues to highlight on the experience of LCCs, and the extent of their success in the aviation market. A questionnaire was used to conduct this research. A sample of 292 air passengers participated in this study. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between the 4Ps of marketing, namely price, promotion and place, and passengers' purchasing decision-making. Additionally, the results also revealed that price is generally the most important element of the marketing mix affecting the passengers' purchasing decision-making when travelling on board of the LCCs. KeyWords : low cost-carriers (LCCs), 4Ps, frequent flyer programs (FFPs), global distribution systems (GDSs).

European funds and air services market in Poland

The aim of the study was to analyze the investments made in the air transport sector in Poland financed by the EU programs against the dynamics of the number of passengers served by Polish airports. Secondary studies were conducted by means of statistical data analysis from airports in Poland, the European Union funds and analysis of annual reports on implementation of Regional Operational Programs of individual provinces in Poland as well as CUPT reports. The value of expenditures incurred for the execution of investments at airports in Poland by 2015 is PLN 5.6 billion, of which the total value of funds granted by the EU amounts to nearly PLN 2.2 billion, of which PLN 1.6 billion under the OPI&E and almost PLN 600 million from Regional Operational Programs. Due to the investments made at airports, the dynamics of air transport has increased. In 2008, Polish airports served over 20 million passengers, and in 2016 almost 34 million, i.e. 64.75% more than in the base year, as a result of which the competitiveness of Polish air transport increased due to the greater choice of connections, lower prices, greater security, better integration of airports with railway lines and road transport.

Key determinants of airline pricing and air travel demand in China and India: Policy, ownership, and LCC competition

As two of the fastest-growing economies, China and India share many similarities. However, the air transport sector of the two countries exhibits substantial differences 30 years after deregulation. Private and low-cost airlines have become dominant players in the Indian airline market while the state-owned airlines still enjoy a dominant status in the Chinese market. The econometric analysis of this research suggests that the presence of a low-cost carrier (LCC) on a route has the effect of reducing the airfare and stimulating the demand for air travel in India, no matter the LCC presence is measured by market shares or dummies. Chinese LCCs have similar competitive effects only when the LCC entry is measured by dummy variables. Airport concentration in India could lead to cost savings and thus lower airfares, but this did not occur in China due largely to the lack of a culture of antitrust compliance. In both countries, airport concentration is positively associated with traffic demand. In India this may imply an increase in consumer welfare as airport concentration increases while in China this could mean that consumers would not be able to explore their welfare benefits to the full potential since concentration is positively associated with airfares. We also find that the absolute value of the price elasticity of the Indian market is much larger than that in the Chinese market, probably due to the high LCC penetration rates in India.

UPAYA PEMERATAAN KONTRIBUSI PARIWISATA PADA PEREKONOMIAN BALI

This study aims to analyze the distribution of income from tourism activities in Bali and to identify opportunities for more equitable utilization. The survey results show that: (1) the economic impacts of tourism activities on the Balinese economy can be seen from 3 aspects: sectoral output increase, employment output, and wage/salary output, which significantly affects the performance of particular sectors. The air transport sector in Bali is becoming the sector with the biggest increase in output and the increase in revenue due to the spending of foreign tourists. Meanwhile, the trade sector enjoys the highest employment absorption. (2) There is a gap between districts/cities in the Bali region which is shown by the amount of tourism share in business turnover in Badung regency compared to other regions. (3) There is still a chance of even distribution of tourism in Bali. Efforts to build tourist destinations in the peripheral region can be one option for efforts to state tourism activities in Bali.
 
 Keywords: tourism activities, distribution of income

Passenger terminal development in the digital age

It is undeniable that we are in the midst of a digital revolution that holds the promise to reinvent the entire air travel experience. The 21st century is being defined by pervasive digitisation and is characterised by disruptive and transformative processes that are underway in virtually every industry. Digital trends such as (1) social media, (2) the sharing economy, (3) hyper-personalised connectivity and (4) the Internet of Things are already transforming travel. In addition, it is forecast that air travel demand will double in the next 15 years. This new digital age presents the opportunity to not only reinvent the travel experience, but also to develop solutions that result in cost-effective capital expenditure and optimise existing infrastructure. Unfortunately, there is a general lack of a coordinated mindset that puts the passenger first. The air transport sector needs to move away from the legacy of organisations that exhibit entrenched ‘tribalism’ and self-interest. Airports, airlines and government agencies need to collaboratively begin to identify and utilise the technological opportunities that are now becoming available. To achieve this will require a level of trust and sharing of data to even begin the process of innovation. Though digital solutions are being developed at an airport-by-airport level, to achieve any meaningful change in the global air travel system will require global solutions involving truly collaborative initiatives. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges faced by airport operators in redefining the passenger terminal aligned to the 21st century digital age.

The Role of Tourism in The Development of Regional Economy: Case Study of The Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province

<p>This study aims to assess the economic role of tourism to the economy of the Province of the Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta. The research model used is the input-output model.</p><p><br />The results showed that the tourism economy of Jakarta contributed significantly to the economy of Jakarta. The restaurant sector in the core sectors of tourism (hotel, restaurant, travel agency services and entertainment services, transportation) have the highest backward linkages and forward linkages as well as power distribution and a high level of sensitivity. In the tourist expenditure structure, the expenditure for sectors that are directly related to tourism highway transportation, hotel and restaurant occupy the highest role.</p><p><br />Sectors that have an impact on the resulting output of the largest tourist expenditure is directly related to the sectors of tourism, namely the hotel sector, followed by the air transport sector, banks, insurance and business services, restaurant and travel agency services. While that get impacted gross value added is the largest hotel, air transport; banks, insurance and business services; restaurant and travel agency services. Which have an impact on wages / salaries is the largest hotel sector, air transport, restaurant and travel agency services. The impact of the tax, which obtained the largest sector was the hotel sector, followed by restaurants, trade and travel agency services. The resulting impact of labor is the hotel sector which obtained the largest share, followed by the restaurant sector, air transport and travel agency services.</p><p><br />The results also show the potential for increased tourism to the economic value of Jakarta which can be achieved by: (1) prepare tourism policy related to trade, the bank sector, insurance and business services sector, the food industry, beverages, tobacco and cigarettes; the electricity sector / gas / water, and the construction sector, and (2) developing the core sectors of tourism with hotel sector priorities, the air transport sector, the sector of the restaurant, travel agency services sector, and the road transport sector.</p><p><br />JEL Classification: H71, L80, L83<br />Keywords: Input-Output, Labor, Linkages, Multipliers, Taxes, Wages/Salaries</p>

Subsidies in Aviation

Relatively little attention has been paid to the existence of subsidies in aviation. As the sector’s importance for economic development is often highlighted, this paper seeks to provide a conceptual overview of the various forms of subsidies in aviation, as a contribution to a more holistic understanding of economic interrelationships. Based on a purposive sampling strategy, existing forms of subsidies are identified and categorized along the value chain. Focus is on industrialized countries, for which more information is available. Results indicate that significant subsidies are extended to manufacturers, infrastructure providers and airlines. These contribute to global economic growth related to aviation, but they also influence capacity in global aviation markets, strengthen the market position of individual airlines, and create conflicts between airlines and the countries they are based in. While the actual scale of subsidies cannot be determined within the scope of this paper, it provides a discussion of options to empirically assess the effects of aviation subsidies on market outcomes. Finally, general conclusions regarding the impact of subsidies on the overall sustainability of the air transport sector are drawn: These include rapidly growing capacity in the aviation system, economic vulnerabilities, and negative climate change related impacts. Results call for a better understanding of the distribution, character and implications of subsidies.

The attitudes of UK tourists to the use of biofuels in civil aviation: An exploratory study

Tourism generates substantial carbon footprint with its air transport sector holding the largest share. Biofuel technology has been repeatedly trialled in aviation to minimise this carbon footprint. While biofuels can become mainstream aviation fuels in the near future, little is known about public knowledge on and perception of its use within the air transport sector. This signifies considerable knowledge gap as the level of public awareness of a new technology determines the speed of its societal acceptance and may affect its market success. This study explores the attitudes of UK tourists to the use of biofuels in aviation. It finds that while the public are generally aware of biofuel technology, public knowledge of its specific application in aviation alongside the carbon benefits this brings is limited. Future policy-making and managerial measures should aim at enhancing public understanding of biofuel technology use in aviation in the UK.

"Knowledge management applications in human capital investment "Case Study on the Human Resources Sector of Saudi Air Lines Company: تطبيقات إدارة المعرفة في استثمار رأس المال البشري

The study aimed to identify to clarify the role that can be played by Knowledge Management in human capital investment applications company Saudi Arabian Airlines, furthermore the study aimed to identify the Recognize reality of Knowledge Management in the field of human capital investment applications, As well as to identify the most serious obstacles Knowledge Management applications for the investment and development of human resources, to fulfill these objectives the descriptive analytical method is used in this study, where the researcher used the questionnaire to collect primary data through direct questions and inquiries. The study population consisted of personnel management of human resources in the company reached (586) employee, and researcher selected a simple random sample of the total overall society for the study size was (296) employee of the total community individual. the study concluded that the results of the study concluded that there are many positive indicators suggest that Knowledge Management applications for human capital investment available air transport sector is very high degree, the study also pointed that there are some Knowledge Management for the investment of human capital need to activate up to fit and perform its vital role in the development of human resources of the company. the study also showed that the most important human resource management needs to support Knowledge Management applications represented in the existing knowledge of the staff need to modern techniques to be published, also through the importance of spreading knowledge and culture through seminars, workshops, training programs. The study results revealed that the technologies of Knowledge Management is very vital role in the development of investment in human capital and by providing a work environment that encourages creativity and excellence. the main recommendations of the study that need to maintain the current ratio of Knowledge Management, and encourage a culture of acquiring new knowledge and information among workers, and need that the administration working to provide advanced systems for service personnel, and the need for attention to the deployment of knowledge and culture through seminars, workshops, training programs and need to focus on knowledge management techniques as they have a very vital role in the development of investment in human capital through the dissemination of information and disseminating them among employees where this will contribute to make them aware of, and that the administration need to working to open the channels of effective communication between them and the staff through the activation of all media and means of communication between them. And the need to provide a working environment that encourages creativity and excellence, the researcher recommended further studies on the subject as there is scarcity in such studies in the local environment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Airline Performance in China and India: What Drive Airline Efficiency and Pricing

China and India’s air transport sector exhibits substantial differences 30 years after deregulation. The strong presence of private and low-cost carriers and the intense route-level competition are the key drivers for an overall better performance for Indian carriers measured by technical efficiency. The low-cost carrier has the effect of reducing the air fare and promoting the demand in India. However, in China, the entry of a low-cost carrier has not had such effects. We also found that airport concentration in India could lead to cost savings and thus lower air fare, but this did not occur in China.

Competitiveness of the air transport sector as a determinant of the development of time and road accessibility to airports

Air transport is an important element in the development of every country. Aviation impact on economic development, and the economy has an impact on air transport. This relationship has an impact on entities operating on the market for air transport services. Air carriers, airports want to achieve maximize their operational and financial data. In Poland, most airports shareholders are the public authorities, which support the development of airports. Public institutions involved directly and indirectly. Indirect, because the building communication system to airports, modernizing rail and road infrastructure. The dynamic development of this infrastructure has resulted to an increase in catchement area. Air transport companies realize specific development strategies, they are forced to take measures to increase competitiveness. Most often this is done by intangible factors.

Safety as a management concept in the air transport sector: A systematic literature review

Purpose: The main purpose of the present study is to conduct a literature review of the contribution made by safety in air transport, based on the existing international academic literature in the field of the social sciences. It primarily attempts to examine and verify the relationship between safety-related concepts (co-occurrence), the link between the different authors (co-authorship) and the corresponding citations (co-citations). Methodology: To achieve the established objectives, a systematic literature review (SLR) has been conducted using the Scopus database between the years 1990 and 2016, identifying international academic papers related to the research topic of the present study. Findings: It has been verified, on the one hand, that safety in the air transport sector is a field of growing interest, as the number of papers has increased considerably in recent years, thus demonstrating the importance that this topic has acquired over time. On the other hand, however, it must be mentioned that the total quantity of papers related to the topic is low in terms of absolute numbers. The results of the co-occurrence analysis show that the most important aspect of safety is safety management, while the strongest link is between safety management and aircraft accidents, a fact that is foreseeable a priori. Originality/value: The approach used allows a better view of the academic contribution made in relation to safety; this serves as the link among the different elements of the concept studied, and it demonstrates the growing interest in this area.