Appeal For Aid Research Articles

Socio-demographic risk factors for the psychogenic anxiety-depressive disorders development in patients with pancreatitis

When studying the socio-demographic factors of the risk of developing psychogenic anxiety and depression disorders in patients with pancreatitis, we used the results of a comprehensive study. The complex evaluation of socio-psychological and clinical risk factors for pancreatitis was analyzed, and a comprehensive analysis of socio-demographic characteristics, anxiety-depressive and neurotic symptoms in patients with pancreatitis has been performed. The article presents the socio-demographic factors that influence the development of mental disorders in acute recurrent pancreatitis.The aim of the study was to identify socio-demographic features of psychogenic anxious and depressive disorders in patients with pancreatitis (acute and chronic) to improve the quality of life of this contingent of patients.Materials and methods. The study was attended by 131 patients with recurrent pancreatitis, exclusion criteria in the study; age over 65, the presence of other somatic diseases, mental and behavioral disorders as a result of alcohol abuse, narcotic substances and substances not included in the state list of narcotic drugs, refusal of the patient from a psychiatrist's examination. Established factors associated with the development and severity of neurasthenia in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Statistical processing of the results of the study was conducted using the software package Statistica v.6.1.Research results. The article presents the analysis of psychopathological symptoms in patients with pancreatitis, which revealed a number of features of the quantitative and qualitative structure of emotional disorders. The factors with which the development and severity of psychogenic anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with pancreatitis are noted is noted. The basic pathogenetic link of development of psychogenic anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with pancreatitis was revealed. Presented is a symptomatology that predominates in affective pathology in patients with pancreatitis.Conclusions. The data of the main socio-demographic factors influencing the development of mental disorders in chronic recurrent pancreatitis, such as male sex, low frequency of appeals for medical aid during the year, absence of a family history of pancreatic diseases

Helping Us or Helping Them? What Makes Aid Appeal to Australians?

This paper reports on a survey experiment designed to test whether support for aid is more readily increased by emphasising aid’s benefits to the donor country, or by emphasising aid’s role in helping people in developing countries. The survey experiment was pre-registered and involved a large, nationally-representative sample of over 4000 Australians. Information based on a real Australian government aid project was presented in the form of a newspaper article. Participants were randomly assigned to one of five groups: a control group, which was given no information on the project; a basic treatment group, which was given basic information on the project; an ‘enlightened national interest’ group, which was told about benefits the project would bring Australia; a ‘global leader group’, which was told how the project would make Australia a global leader; and an ‘altruism’ group, which was given information on how the project would help people in need in developing countries. All of the treatment groups including the basic treatment group outperformed the control group in eliciting increased approval of aid, and in reducing the share of people who thought Australia gave too much aid. Both the altruism and enlightened national interest treatments out-performed the control in increasing the share of people who thought Australia did not give enough aid. However, only the enlightened national interest treatment outperformed the basic treatment group in this area. Results were complicated by the altruism treatment’s limited success in convincing people that the aid project was actually being run for altruistic ends. When we limited our analysis only to those people who appeared to accept the narrative used in the treatment, altruism actually proved to be the most effective treatment.

SPECIFICS OF FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATION REGARDING ONE DISEASE

Aim. To study the specifics of addressing for medical care among patients under follow-up observation, regarding one disease. Materials and methods. The data, obtained from copies of medical records of 402 ambulatory patients under follow-up observation for one disease, were analyzed, using the methods of descriptive and inductive statistics. Results. The studied group included 60 % of women and 77.5 % of pensioners. There were more able-bodied men, than able-bodied women (φ*emp = 3.242, р ˂ 0.001). Patients’ mean age was 68.3 ± 16.4 years. In 81 % of cases, the cause of follow-up observation were cardiovascular diseases. A mean duration of disease for the main disease was 10.5 ± 6.4 years, duration of follow-up - 6.4 ± 2.6 years (t = 10.0, p < 0.001). A mean number of planned visits to a doctor was 2.0 ± 0.34, real - 1.8 ± 0.5 (t = 5.5, p < 0.001). Frequency of real visits to a doctor does not depend on age (χ2 = -0.04, р = 0.6), gender (t = 0.3, p = 0.8), duration of disease (χ2 = 0.02, р = 0.8), duration of follow-up (χ2 = -0.04, р = 0.6), associated diseases (χ2 = 0.02, р = 0.1). Exacerbations were registered in 87.5 % of patients, disability - 43.5 %, emergency calls - 28.5 %, hospitalizations - 28.5 %, including urgent ones - 35.7 %. Conclusions. The able-bodied men form the risk group for the development of noninfectious chronic diseases; follow-up quality is unsatisfactory; great influence of associated diseases on medical aid appealability; regularity of asking for medical care is higher among persons, who had two planned visits a year; patients’ loyalty to treatment depends on patient’s psychological characteristic; follow-up, conducted by narrow specialists, is not more effective, than that by therapeutists.

INFLUENCE OF LOCAL CRUSTAL HETEROGENEITY ON THE RESIDENTS’ MORBIDITY OF THE NORTHERN URBANIZED TERRITORIES

The aim: to reveal the influence of local crustal heterogeneity peculiarities on the course of visceral diseases in the conditions of the northern urbanized territory in the context of Surgut city. Methods. Frequency of patients' medical aid appealability depending on their residence - upper local crustal heterogeneity or upper solid was studied. Besides, comparative average monthly frequency of patients' appealability with acute coronary syndrome and acute cerebrovascular accident, residents of upper local crustal heterogeneity or upper solid was also studied. Medical records of 6 932 patients were analyzed (cardiovascular diseases included). Results. A significant predominance of frequency of appealability among patients with cerebrovascular accident (in 1,5 times), angor pectoris (in 1,4 times), myocardial infarction (in 1,4 times), hypertensive disease attack (in 1,3 times) (p < 0,001), living in the zones of local crustal heterogeneity in comparison with those living upper solid was revealed. Frequency of patients' appealability with acute coronary syndrome and acute cerebrovascular accident living upper local crustal heterogeneity prevails in the periods of geomagnetic activity increase (p < 0,05 and p < 0,01 respectively). Conclusions. Negative effect of geomagnetic field of the Earth's fault zones on cardiovascular system morbidity of the population was revealed. The results of the carried out medico-ecological study open a prospect for a more enhanced study of the ecologically dependent public health from a new perspective of the organism's interaction with geophysical factors.

Taking spoofs seriously: Spoofs as counter-narratives in volunteer discourse

This article explores how the theoretical framework of “counter-narrative” can be a resource for the analysis of spoofing videos. Using spoofs deployed by activist organizations to critique Western aid appeals and “voluntourism,” we 1) investigate the intertextual mechanisms of spoof videos as counter-narrative and how spoofers borrow generic conventions and use them to create alternative narratives, and 2) discuss the consequences of their cultural depictions, for example, for the discourse of volunteering, which we examine here, particularly in light of tendencies toward self-reflecting campaigns identified by Chouliaraki (2013). Through these understandings, we draw lessons about the counter-narrative potential of spoofs used as critique and edification and their ambivalent status as counter-narratives. As critiques, they may hold a mirror to viewers’ self-perceptions and motivations. Yet, this self-reflexive strategy carries the risk of self-congratulatory complicity with the genres they seek to critique and the discourses and power relations upon which they depend

Clinical and epidemicological characteristics of acute rinosinusite by medical document recommended by multidisciplinary polyclinics

Introduction. Despite the world practice, the problem of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses is still relevant and has an important social meaning. Despite the fact that rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases, the reisvery little accurate data on its epidemiology. Therefore, our goal was to conduct a clinical epidemiological analysis with the establishment of the role of rhinosinusitis in the structure of requests for medical care in multidisciplinary polyclinics. Materials and methods. The data on the prevalence of various forms of sinusitis in the structure of ambulatory-polyclinic patients in the period 2011-2015 have been studied. In patients with acute rhinosinusitis, the following parameters were analyzed: gender and age of patients, duration, clinical variant of the disease, duration of treatment. Results. A clinical and statistical analysis of medical aid appeals at the level of the multidisciplinary outpatient clinic of the Vinnytsia City Clinical Hospital of ambulatory care and the Communal Medical Center "City Medical and Diagnostic Center" of Vinnytsia during 2011-2015. A statistical analysis based on the criterion approach included 896 patients with rinosunsitis. The following parameters have been analyzed: gender and age of patients, duration, clinical variant of the disease, duration of treatment. The conducted researches indicate that in the structure of appeals to the otolaryngologist rhinosinusitis is dominated by acute rhinosinusitis, the frequency of which remained relatively stable for five consecutive years: 133 cases - in 2011, 143 in 2012, 168 in 2013, 150 and 151 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Among ambulatory polyclinic patients with different clinical variants of sinusitis prevailing persons of young working age. In general, patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in the age group up to 60 years old make up 90.6%, which emphasizes the socioeconomic significance of this pathology. The frequency of treatment with rhinosinusitis is dominated by maxillary sinus lesions. The median duration of treatment was greatest in the case of hemi-sinusitis and polysynytes – 11.27±3.69 and 11.23±3.99 days, respectively, and the lowest in patients with frontal lobe was 9.48±3,76 days (p=0.032). A reduction in the mean duration of treatment for patients during the last three years of observation was observed (p<0.001). Conclusions: The study of the main clinical and epidemiological indicators of rhinosinusitis in the Ukrainian population can be the basis for the in for medplanning of medical care and social activities for this category of otolaryngological patients.

Newton Arvin and the Police: Contexts for The Scarlet Professor

Newton Arvin and the Police: Contexts for <i>The Scarlet Professor</i>

Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Chosŏn Korea by Don Baker with Franklin Rausch

Reviewed by: Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Chosŏn Korea by Don Baker with Franklin Rausch Deberniere Torrey Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Chosŏn Korea. By Don Baker with Franklin Rausch, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2017, 312p. One of the most remarkable and controversial documents from late Chosŏn was an appeal for aid written by a Catholic fugitive in 1801 during the first of several large-scale persecutions of Catholics. This letter, which ''allows us to hear the voice of a resister unfiltered by state interpretation'' (p. 101), was composed by Hwang Sayŏng on a length of silk for easy smuggling to its intended recipient, the Bishop of Beijing. Until recently, English translations of the Silk Letter were available only as excerpts or in abridged form.1 When the Academy of Korean Studies asked Don Baker to produce an authoritative English translation, Baker took the opportunity to apply his expertise on Catholicism and late Chosŏn society to the production of a volume that showcases not only this much-awaited translation, but also a discussion of the circumstances leading to the persecution of Catholics, and a translation of A Conversation on Catholicism by Ahn Chŏngbok, an intellectual leader concerned about the spread of Catholicism.2 Franklin Rausch assisted with the translations and with background research for this invaluable contribution to Korean studies and comparative philosophy and religion. The violence aimed at Catholics in Korea for almost a century beginning in the late 1700s indicates that the rise of Catholicism was seen as a greater threat to society than any previous domestic social development in Chosŏn. Following its indigenous birth in the 1780s, the Catholic movement faced censure and the killing of a few of its lay leaders. But the full ferocity of its enemies was unleashed in 1801, when the political aims of a new regime became enmeshed with ideological opposition to Catholicism, and Catholics became the objects of a year-long series of arrests and executions that nearly decimated their leadership. During this persecution, the arrest and interrogation of Catholics was placed indirectly under the Ministry of War, ''implying that the Catholic community was a threat to national security'' (p. 96). [End Page 173] The question of how Catholicism came to be perceived as such a threat is addressed in Part One of Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Chosŏn Korea, where Baker offers a five-chapter analysis of the religious, social, and political factors relating to this conflict, and shows how the early years of the movement unfolded. In this, he returns to themes explored in earlier publications, expanding on them and linking them to broader contextual elements, such as the law enforcement system, factionalism, and social structure, among other subtopics. Baker's examination of these elements through the lens of the conflict with Catholicism is worth reading not only for what it reveals about the history of Catholicism in Korea, but also for the insights it offers into late Chosŏn society. For instance, in showing why King Chŏngjo was unable to stop harsh anti-Catholic rhetoric prior to his death in 1800, Baker draws attention to the unique situation of the Chosŏn kings having to deal with a Censorate that functioned to keep them accountable to Confucian protocol. Indeed, the primary criticism of Catholicism was that its teachings threatened the foundations of Confucian morality, despite the fact that, as Baker convincingly argues, the first Korean Catholics adopted Catholicism for its potential to make them better Confucians. Although Catholicism eventually found more followers among members of the lower classes, these first converts were young scholars who felt that the Neo-Confucianism of their schooling could not help them achieve moral perfection. Instead, they found hope in Jesuit texts from China, which introduced an omniscient creator involved in human affairs. They felt that accountability to this God would help them overcome moral frailty, as would the rituals of the Church, which they adopted even before the arrival of missionaries. Readers of Baker's Korean Spirituality (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2008), will recognize this analysis, which, in Catholics and Anti-Catholicism, is supplemented by details about the individual players...

The prevalence and the structure of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses in the children as estimated based on the analysis of the emergency otorhinolaryngological aid appealability

The prevalence and the structure of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses in the children as estimated based on the analysis of the emergency otorhinolaryngological aid appealability

IMPORTANT FACTORS OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE O ROPHARYNX AND OPTIMAL TREATMENT REGIMES SELECTION

Acute inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx dominate the medical aid appealability among all age categories. Such diseases are characterized by poly-ethiology and may form a mixed infection with bacteria and respiratory viruses. Components of bacterial cell walls, toxins, decay products of tissues during cytolysis or apoptosis of cells as a result of massive output of mature virions induce epithelial cells and macrophages for active synthesis of chemokines MCP-1, MCP-3, RANTES, IL-8, which leads to increased inflow of polymorphonuclear leukocytesin to the flammatory focus and a mass release of biogenic amines, lysosomal enzymes, cationic proteins, the release of arachidonic acid, which gradually turns into eicosanoids. Systemic use of NSAIDs can cause NSAID-associated gastropathies. Good accessibility of the target organ in diseases of the oropharynx allows target organspecific delivery of local treatment. Benzidamine hydrochloride (Tantum® Verde) refers to the group of anti-inflammatory suppressor of cytokines and also has a pronounced analgesic effect. The article provides data of the follow-up study of the efficacy of Tantum Verde® in the treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis in outpatient settings.

АНАЛИЗ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ПОДРОСТКОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И НОВОСИБИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ДИНАМИКЕ

By means of calculation of the incidence mean value, the amplitude of oscillation and a dynamic analysis, we investigated data from official statistical collections of the Federal State Statistics Service (Public Health in Russia, Russian Statistical Yearbook). We assessed the incidence rate using medical aid appealability of adolescents (15-І7 years) in the Russian Federation and Novosibirsk region during the period from 2004 to 2013. A comparative dynamic analysis of general incidence of the adolescents of the Russian Federation and Novosibirsk region has shown that the medical referral level is higher in the Russian Federation by 33.8 % with an average increase by 3.4 % per year on average, especially for such types of diseases as digestive diseases, diseases of the endocrine system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, circulatory system diseases, diseases of the eye and adnexa, diseases of the ear and mastoid process, nervous system diseases (44.1 %; 31.9 %; 26.0 %; 24.9 %; 23.8 %; 22.9 %; 21.3 %; 19.8 % respectively); the medical referral level of Novosibirsk region was higher by 30.2 % with an average increase by 3.0 % per year on average, infectious and parasitic pathology was higher by 43.0 % mainly. The differences in the levels of medical help and the structure of the main types of diseases that determine the nature of adolescent morbidity in the Russian Federation and Novosibirsk region, which predetermines the need to ensure appropriate coordination of medical activities and services.

Headache as a sociomedical problem: A review of literature

The article reviews foreign and Russian literature on the organization of headache (HA) treatment. The economic burden of HA has been convincingly proven. The medical aid appealability of patients with HA has been established to be low (20–60%). This is frequently due to a lack of confidence in the success of a doctor's advice. The paper considers various models for the management of patients with HA in foreign countries. There is a low reliability of the diagnosis established during questionnaire surveys. Whether the patients can be managed using telecommunications, such as telephone and online counseling, is described. In Russia, there are substantially fewer treatment options for patients with HA; at the same time the available models are inclined to foreign ones. The paper describes world and Russian practices in educating the physicians and underlines the need for patients with HA to have educational classes. The sites where both the doctor and the patient can receive relevant information about HA are considered.

The condition of nasal cavity microflora in polypous rhinosinusitis

Nowadays chronic polypous rhinosinusitis is one of the common diseases. Thus, the index of medical aid appealability for polypous rhinosinusitises constitutes 3.7 through 5.8 per 10,000 people. For a number reasons the study of the oral cavity microbiota using bacteriological methods under the conditions of clinical bacteriological laboratory is seriously complicated or absolutely impossible. There occurs a need for implementation of new express-methods for patient’s infective status diagnostics. The method of microbial markers mass-spectrometry (MMMS) makes it possible to identify а range of the dominating microorganisms (more than 104 cells in a sample) by molecular marker – cellular higher fatty acids, aldehydes and sterols. Objective: To study the range of nasal cavity microflora in patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis using the method of gas-chromatography mass spectrometric analysis of detecting bacteria molecular markers. The results of analysis of microbial community of patients (n = 35) in comparison with healthy donors (n = 10) presented a systematic clinically significant (more than 10 times exceeding the norm) growth of bacteria of mainly 2 taxons, namely anaerobic species Eubacterium/Clostridium, Propionibacterium freundenreihii/ Cl. Subterminale, herpes viruses and other microorganisms. The increase of opportunistic Enterobacteriacea bacteria representation on the nose mucous membrane in PRS signifies dysbiotic changes and their undoubted role in development of inflammatory process. Simultaneous stable suppression of Lactobacilli growth has also been noticed. Concentration of other microorganism group markers does not exceed the average pharynx mucous colonization level in donors. Here belong the representatives of the species of Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacteria, Pseudonocardia, Stenothrophomonas and others. There is scarce amount of microscopic fungi (not Candida) – mold, dermatophytes and others – in patients. Based on MMMS data obtained in this work we can assume that infection dominants – Clostridia, Eubacteria, other anaerobic bacteria are unreceptive to the prescribed preparations. On the contrary, suppression of minor component of infection – Staphylococci, Streptococci, non-pathogenic Neisseria – stimulated the competitive development of non-cultivated main group of microbial agents. The performed assessment of microflora of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis presented the wide range of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, and total amount of such microorganisms exceeds the norm accepted for healthy people of central Russia. Therefore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method makes it possible to study the species composition of the microorganisms populating human microbiocenoses of various biosubstrates.

Space, Identity, and Exile in Seventeenth-Century Morocco: The Case of Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan al-Yūsī

This article begins with the question of Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan al-Yūsī’s (1631-1691) relationship to a Moroccan national literature, opening onto an interpretation of two of his most famous texts written in exile. Al-Yūsī’s al-Risālah al-kubrā ilā Mawlāy Ismāʿīl and al-Muḥāḍarāt fī al-adab wa-l-lughah are interpreted as paradigmatic examples of seventeenth-century Moroccan literature and ideal vehicles to understand al-Yūsī’s relationship to place. Al-Risālah, a dialogue at a remove from its addressee, mixes invective and appeal for aid with subtle shifts in focalization between the misdeeds of the second-person addressee (Ismāʿīl) and al-Yūsī’s own suffering. In this text, the spaces for which the author longs encompass both his actual place of birth and the larger category of place it represents. Al-Yūsī identifies exclusively with an idealized vision of the countryside set in the distant past, complicating the possibility of his return. In al-Muḥāḍarāt, al-Yūsī adopts the medium of poetry, creating a poetic persona distinct from the authorial voice of his epistle. Here his spatial identity is more inclusive, extending to cover most of the territories of early modern Morocco. Through these two exilic texts, I examine the complex relationship al-Yūsī had with the country’s urban centers and rural landscapes and how this could, under certain circumstances, begin to reflect something that resembles a Moroccan national consciousness.

Ethical Objections to Commercial Farming and Consumption of Genetically Modified Foods in Kenya

Food insecurity remains one of the most pressing problems of Third World countries. The causes of this predicament are varied, ranging from drought, inadequate farming methods, poverty, among others. The responses to famine, whenever it strikes in many of these countries, have also been varied, with the most popular one being appeals for food aid from wealthy individuals, corporate bodies and the international community. However, these initiatives have not been sustainable. The need for a permanent solution has attracted varied opinions. On the one hand, some stakeholders take the view that the solution lies in genetically modified foods. On the other, some of the stakeholders are either opposed to such foods, or are cautious about them, citing potential and/or real risks associated with them. This article is premised on the view that technological innovations often raise ethical concerns and even dilemmas that ought to be surmounted in order to enhance public acceptability. In this regard, the article reflects on the ethical objections against GM technology in general, and, in particular, the process leading to the enactment of the biosafety law in Kenya. Key wordsGenetically modified organisms, biosafety law, UN convention on biological diversity, Cartagena protocol

The factors affecting medical professionals health

A review of publications in scientific medical literature devoted to the study of factors affecting medical professionals health is presented. They reflect the diversity of physical, chemical, biological harmful to health effects faced by medical professionals when delivering care to patients. Often there is a simultaneous exposure to several factors, bearing the risk to human health. Reliable data on occupational diseases of medical professionals do not actually exist. This caused, above all, by socio-economic reasons, a tendency to self-medication, low medical aid appealability, imperfection of prenosological diagnostics and restricted list of reportable occupational diseases. When performing their professional responsibilities medical professionals are exposed to many factors harmful to health, their work is associated with significant psychological and physical stress. Occupational diseases and morbidity with temporary disability depend on the medical professional specialty and affecting them work-related factors, as well as on the existing environmental situation. As an analysis of the specialized domestic and foreign literature showed, a unified approach to study the medical professionals’ morbidity has not yet been produced. An effective information-analytical system for the medical professionals health control, which would ensure full objective timely information on the number of medical workers exposed to harmful work environment factors, their existing diseases (somatic and occupational), the nature of the disorder course, remission duration, disability, rehabilitation measures effectiveness, is still not developed in Russia.

INCIDENCE OF THE MAIN CLASSES OF DISEASES AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN VOLOGDA, BASED ON CASE HISTORIES

The purpose of the cross-epidemiological research was to study the incidence of the main classes of diseases among health workers of the large general hospital in Vologda. On the outpatient medical records, we examined the prevalence figures in different classes of diseases on medical aid appeal ability among doctors, middle and junior medical staff of the surgical, therapeutic and paraclinical departments of the Vologda city hospital no 1. The prevalence of diseases among the hospital staff were compared with those in the unexposed group. It was found that the most common pathologies among the medical staff of surgical, therapeutic and paraclinical departments are cardiovascular diseases (34,9-41,5 %) and musculoskeletal diseases (30,2-39,0 %). Among the staff of the surgical and paraclinical departments, digestive system pathologies are frequent too (21,0 % and 19,0 % respectively), among the staff of the therapeutic and paraclinical profile - endocrine system diseases (12,1 % and 19,0 % respectively). The prevalence of the circulatory system diseases (χ2 = 4,05, p = 0,044) in the group of health workers in surgical departments (39,6 %) and the prevalence of skin diseases (p =0,050) among paraclinical departments' employees (7,9 %) is higher than among those who do not work in the health system (27,7 %).

Translating Catastrophes: Yoko Tawada's Poetic Responses to the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake, the Tsunami, and Fukushima

Yoko Tawada's recent writings about the disasters in Japan of 2011 engage with the translatability of catastrophes. How can one translate disasters in ways that prevent “othering” and “isolating” them? How can one interpret disasters as products of cultural translation and knowledge exchange? Tawada's texts frame disasters as islands, as closed areas, which obstruct communication. As a result of translation and the islands' historical and geopolitical interconnections, Tawada's “disaster islands” remain, however, only partly isolated. They are constantly disturbed by outsiders' attempts to observe, to understand; by appeals for aid; and by the surrounding waters that link the island with the world. This article unfolds Tawada's poetic model for translating disasters and its epistemological dimensions in relation to futurity, theology, and geopolitics.

CLINICO-ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF PRIMARY PREVENTION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AS ARGUMENTS TO SUPPORT AND RAISING OF EFFICIENCY

The goal of this research was to value of primary prevention of myocardial infarction using clinico-economical indices and to find a way of raising efficiency of its. The costs of treatment 17 378 patients up to 70 years old with stenocardia and expense amount of treatment in out-patient, inpatient departments and ambulance were estimated on the basis of compulsory medical insurance rates. Probability of myocardial infarction in patients with stenocardia was evaluated in relation to medical aid appealability to medical organizations. It was found 31% patients with stenocardia do not seek medical advice in out-patients. Meanwhile probability of myocardial infarction in those patients in 2.3 times higher than in patients received treatment in out-patients. It was found also that 1.0 ruble investment to prophylactic medical examination for patients with stenocardia gives profit 8.5 rubles in view of saved person-years and reducing of treatment expense. That profit can be raised twice by the using of “recipientoriented” primary prevention of myocardial infarction. “Recipient-oriented” primary prevention of myocardial infarction is realized in cooperation of medical organizations, health insurance companies and compulsory medical insurance fund.

“More legs than nature gave thee”: Performing the Cripple in The Fair Maid of the Exchange

This essay argues that the figure of Cripple, central to the unattributed play The Fair Maid of the Exchange (1607), can reshape critical notions of early modern disability. Cripple depends upon distinctive prosthetic devices, his “crutches” and “crooked habite,” which he loans as stage properties for an act of disguise. Though Cripple’s character suggests the stereotype of the crippled beggar who makes a fraudulent appeal for charitable aid, the play foregrounds the vexed relationship between Cripple’s deformed body and his crucial position in the dramatic economy. In a comedy preoccupied with the exchanges of identity that make possible social and financial advancement, disability funds theatrical performance and defines the limits of impersonation.