Agrometeorological Conditions Research Articles

The effects of abiotic factors on the productivity of converse growing of hemp

The rational use of agro-resources is determined by the optimal interplay of physico-chemical, biological processes in the soil, agrotechnical techniques of hemp growing and agrometeorological factors. The optimum system of nutrition at which high productivity of culture at change of agrometeorological conditions is determined.

COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE DURUM VARIETIES (TRITICUM DURUM) ON THE ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PLASTICITY

In Western Siberia, during the laboratory studies of the durum wheat breeding in the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in 2015-2018 the productivity of durum wheat varieties from the nursery of ecological variety testing was studied. Scientific data on the elements of the crop structure are presented, depending on the agrometeorological conditions of the growing season. Years of research in Omsk were quite contrasting in terms of temperature and moisture supply. Durum wheat productivity was estimated by ripeness groups and correlative interconnections were revealed by productivity elements. The conditions of the growing season significantly affected the productivity of durum wheat. The productive bushiness varied slightly from year to year during the research. The density of the stalk has increased to two productive stems in some species in 2018. There was also found an increase in the spike content of the spike up to 30 pcs in 2018. A correlation between the number of grains in an ear and the grain weight of the main ear was established. A reliable interconnection between productivity and the grain mass of the main ear was observed. The grain weight of the main spike varied between 1.1-1.6 g. Oazis and Omsk emerald were distinguished by all productivity indicators. It was found that most of the studied species formed a high yield in 2018 and the lowest in 2016 with a lack of moisture during harvest. In the course of research, the most productive and plastic species were identified by a number of characteristics. The Omsk emerald species has a high productivity potential and it is resistant to sharp weather conditions. The calculation of ecological plasticity showed that the species Pamyati Chekhovich and Oasis are most responsive to changing growing conditions, but more demanding on agricultural technology. For cultivation in Omsk region farms the species Omsk Amber, Omsk Steppe, and Pearl of Siberia can be recommended.

Modeling of Winter Hardiness Formation in Winter Wheat Plants

A dynamic model of the formation of winter hardiness of winter wheat plants during the autumn period of vegetation, which describes the growth processes, plant development and the passing of the two phases of the autumnal hardening under the effect of agrometeo-rological conditions in autumn, was developed. Effects of intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), sunlight levels, air temperature and soil moisture on the increment of reserves of photosynthesis products and soluble carbohydrates in winter wheat plants are described. The results of numerical experiments showed a significant influence of intensity of sunlight levels and air temperature on the passing of two phases of hardening during autumnal period of vegetation of winter wheat plants.

УРОЖАЙНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА И КАЧЕСТВО СЕМЯН ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ФОНА ПИТАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of nutritional background on productivity and quality of spring soft wheat seeds of Yoldyz variety. The agrometeorological conditions of the growing season had a decisive influence on the harvest of spring wheat. In more favorable weather conditions in 2017 and 2018 years, the difference in yield compared to the dry 2016 was 0.4-0.42 tons and 0.48-0.59 per hectare on fertilized backgrounds. The use of calculated rates of fertilizers for 3 tons per hectare of grain contributed to an increase in yield of 0.55 tons per hectare. A further increase in the fertilizer dose to obtain 4 tons per hectare of grain did not give a significant increase to the fertilizer background of 3 tons per hectare. The level of mineral nutrition has improved the seed sowing qualities. With an estimated nutrition level of 3 tons per hectare, on average for three years, the seed germination energy increased by 4.8% compared to the control, on the 4 tons per hectare variant - 5.2%, laboratory germination, respectively, by 1.8-1, 4%, growth rate - 4.1-5.7 percent. Seeds grown on fertilized backgrounds per 3 and 4 tons per hectare of spring wheat grain had increased yield properties. The yield increase to the control was 0.67-0.75 tons per hectare. Under the conditions of gray forest soils of Kama of the Republic of Tatarstan, spring wheat of Yoldyz variety should be grown on seed crops at the background of the application of calculated norms for fertilizers of 3 tons per hectare of grain.

AUTUMN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS, VARIETIES AND TERMS OF SOWING

Actuality. For the last few years the instability in grain productions in the Steppe zone has been observed that is mainly connected with the fluctuations of agrometeorological conditions and global climatic change. Climate change made corrections in terms of sowing of winter crops, which are one of the main factors of technological process, which productivity of the crops depends on. Goal. To determine the influence of agrometeorological conditions, varieties and terms of sowing on the growth and development of plants during the autumn period of vegetation when cultivating winter wheat varieties on irrigated lands. Methods. The researches were conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS using the methodology of field and laboratory experiments on irrigated lands (IOZ NAAS, 2014). Results. During the study period it was determined that the hydrothermal conditions and the duration of the autumn period for winter wheat vegetation were significantly different. When sowing on the 20th of September, on the 1st of October, and on the 10th of October, the duration of the autumn vegetation period in 2016 was 56, 46 and 36 days, in 2015 - 100, 90 and 80 days and in 2017 - 114, 104 and 94 days respectively. When sowing on the 20th of October, winter wheat plants vegetated during 26, 70 and 84 days, respectively. Sowing terms affected winter wheat sprout population in different ways - when sowing on the 20th of September, it averaged to 372 plants/m2, on the 1st of October - 407 plants/m2, on the 10th of October – 386 plants/m2 and on the 20th of October - 392 plants/m2. It was determined that at different terms of sowing the plants entered in winter period with uneven growth and development. When sowing on the 20th of September all the varieties in autumn tillered, and in average for three years they created 4.1-5.0 shoots, developed more herbage mass of 713-761 g/m2 in comparison to other terms of sowing. The later wheat was sown, the less the plant tillering was, therefore, less herbage mass was formed. Conclusions. Agrometeorological conditions of autumn period and terms of sowing significantly affect the population of sprouts and growth processes of the plants of current winter wheat varieties. The highest plant population of all the varieties was formed when sowing on the 1st of October, the least one was formed by the varieties Mariia and Kokhana at early sowing on the 20th of September, and variety Ovidii – at early sowing on the 20th of September, and at late sowing on the 20th of October. That is, the Ovid variety is more responsive to the terms of sowing and to the deviation from the optimal (October 1) and leads to a decrease in the sprouting density. When sowing on the 20th of September and on the 1st of October all the varieties tillered intensively in autumn time, and they formed 4.1-5.0 and 3.3-3.7 shoots, respectively, developed more herbage mass comparatively to other terms of sowing - 713-761 and 313-381 g/m2 respectively. Having these terms of sowing the most intensive tillering was observed on the varieties Mariia and Kokhana, and when sowing in delayed terms no one variety had an advantage over the others.

Performance of the Aquacrop model for bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under irrigation condition

With the evident climatic threats and the limitation of agronomic information for the bean crop, the use of agricultural models is necessary to broaden and disseminate technical knowledge of crop forecasting. The aim of this work was to evaluate the FAO AquaCrop model for bean crop under different levels of irrigation water in agrometeorological conditions of Northeastern Brazil at megatheramal and humid climate. The research was conducted in the period from 11/17/2015 to 02/01/2016. The experimental design was randomized block with four replicates. Treatments were composed of six levels of irrigation on the basis of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) fractions (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc). The irrigation effect was evaluated from biomass, dry matter and grain yield data that were observed and simulated using Aquacrop model. One linear meter of plants was collected every 10 days for biometric and destructive analyses. In addition, the soil water content simulated from model was compared with measurements performed by time domain reflectometry. The AquaCrop model was calibrated for common bean during the dry season (October to March) for the region in the 2015/2016 harvest season using experimental data for 100% of ETc. The accuracy of the calibration and validation model was evaluated based on the root mean square error (RMSE), Willmott’s index of agreement (d), correlation coefficient (r) and percentage deviation (D). The model showed good performance between observed and simulated values for soil water content, dry biomass accumulation and grain yield in several water conditions and can assist decision making and water management in irrigated crops.

Оценка эффективности рекуррентных отборов на полевом искусственном инфекционном фоне в создании устойчивого к корневым гнилям селекционного материала клевера лугового

The results are reflected of research work on the evaluation of previously created hybrid material of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), which passed a selection study on a field artificial Fusarium background in compare with initial forms without selection and standard variety Dymkovsky. For improving objectivity of the assessment, a field infection background was created based on a mixture of local strains of Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum + F. avenaceum + F. heterosporum). The efficiency of formation of a disease-resistant breeding material by the method of recurrent biotypic selection was analyzed on the most significant economic and biological characteristics: winter hardiness; plant height; dry mass and seed productivity; disease resistance. Information on agrometeorological conditions in the years of research was provided. According to the results of the study, a high winter hardiness of breeding populations was found in various conditions of the autumn-winter periods. The tendency was noted of increasing in forage and seed productivity in hybrids that have been selected on an infectious background in comparison with the initial forms; their lower susceptibility to root rot in the second year of life was established. For further breeding work, three prospective root rot-resistant populations have been selected: GPF-64-2 — with significantly higher dry matter yield relative to standard Dymkovsky by year of use; GPF-60-2 — with seed yield at the level of the standard and the excess of initial form by 87.5%; GPF-63-2 — with the least degree of damage to the root system in comparison with initial form and standard.

Characteristics of growth and development of perennial grasses on the basis of meadow tetraploid clover

Perennial grasses are less dependent on weather and soil conditions than other crops due to their plasticity, low demand for growing conditions, and a large variety of species. In 2013-2017 in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic the biological properties of meadow tetraploid clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa changeable (Medicago x varia Martyn), birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), eastern galega (Galéga orientális Lam.) and timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) in double and triple agrocenoses were studied according to the age of the grass stand and the term of mowing. Plant density of perennial grasses in agrocenoses depended on the biological characteristics of the species, the age of grass stand and the term of mowing. In the first year of use of agrophytocenoses the density of stalk stand was at the level of 374-542 pcs /m2, in the second year of use it was a little higher (348-688 pcs /m2), in the third year of use – 240-594 pcs /m2. High density of meadow tetraploid clover in the grass stand was noted in the second year of use – 266-520 pcs/m2. The number of timothy grass stems (122-194 pcs/m2) in the grass mixture was high even in the first year of grass stand use, in the following years there was a further increase of this indicator to 196-412 pcs/m2. By the third year of use there was an increase in the number of stems of alfalfa changeable to 86-148 pcs/m2 and birds-foot trefoil – up to 108-200 pcs/m2. The plant density of the eastern galega in agrocenoses was low. The agrometeorological conditions of the year and the term of mowing affected the height and leafiness of perennial grass plants in agrocenoses. The leafiness of meadow tetraploid clover reached 64%, of the eastern galega – 74%. Timothy grass plants were less leafy – 23-38%. The height of meadow clover plants was at the level of 51 cm, of timothy grass – 75-78 cm. Birds-foot trefoil was the shortest component of grass mixtures. High yield of dry mass of single-species sowing of meadow tetraploid clover was obtained in the first two years of use – 7.8 and 6.5 t/ha, respectively. By the third year of use, the productivity of clover decreased to 2.9 t/ha. The highest yields for the years of research were formed by the following agrocenoses: clover + alfalfa, clover + timothy, and clover + alfalfa + timothy – 5.9-6.3 t/ha.

Obtaining programmed yields of corn in the conditions of the upper Volga region

The results of studies carried out in 2016 – 2018 in the 2-factor field experiment on sod - medium-podzolic light loamy soil in JSC "Kalininskoye" Kalinin district of the Tver region, to study the possibility of obtaining programmed maize yields with different efficiency of sowing KPD FAR. The background of mineral nutrition was created by the introduction of litter manure of cattle. Studied hybrids Cascade SV 195 (control), Angela, LH 30189, Voronezh SV 160, 180 Spring ST. It is revealed that the agrometeorological conditions of the region allow to form the programmed yields of green mass of corn at creation of the corresponding background of fertilizer. At the same time, they increase the powerful photosynthetic potential of sowing. The maximum FRR (4663 thousand m2хday/ha) formed hybrid LH 30189 on the background of mineral nutrition with the efficiency of the KPD FAR is 3.5 %, which has generated the greatest yield of green mass of cobs in the milk – wax ripeness, on average, for 3 years he has 93.2 t/ha.

Selection and assessment of barley genotypes of Eastern-Siberian selection

The research was conducted in selection crop rotation of Krasnoyarsk Research Agricultural Institute in Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe zone of East Siberian region in 2013-2016. The authors observed strongly opposite Agrometeorological conditions in the vegetation periods of research periods: 2013 and 2014 were rather humid where hydrothermal index was 2.20 and 2.11); 2015 was characterized by insufficient humidity (1,21); humidity in 2016 was equal to 1,59. The paper highlights the specimens that are of practical significance. Abalak, E-88-5893 and T-66-3194 contain higher amount of gross protein (5,00-5,10 t/ha); Kedr, Buyan , Olenek, T-66-3194, U-49-3795, U-273593,U-30-3624 and F-68-4721 contain higher number of grains in the main spike (19,1-22,4); Kedr, BIOM and TS-29-5047 are significant for their mass of 1000 grains (47,5-49,6); higher crop yield capacity was observed in Abalak, E-88-5893, T-66-3194,U-49-3795, F-68-4721 (significant increase to the standard 3.3 to 5.6 C/ha, or 8.5 to 14.5%); environmental stability (St2) was typical for E- 88-5893, T-66-3194,U-27-3593 and U-30-3624; response to better cultivating conditions was observed in Kedr (1.14), Olenek (1.38), Abalak (1.10), U-49-3795 (1.09) and F-68-4721 ( 1.09); General adaptive ability is typical for – Abalak (4,05), E-88-5863 (3,63) and T-66-3194 (4,33); specific adaptive capacity was observed in significant Kedr, Vulkan, Abalak, Olenek, U-49-3795 and F - 68-4721; genotype stability (Sgi) – E-88-5893, T-66-3194, U-27-3593, U-30-3624; selection value of the genotype (SGI) is typical for Vulkan (23,20), Olenek (20,30), Abalak (22,11), E-88-5893 (21,84), T-66-3194 (22,21), U-27-3593 (20,00), U-49-3795 (21,10) and F-68-4721 (20,90), which confirms their higher adaptive properties in extreme conditions of Eastern Siberia. The researchers outline efficient lines: E-88-5893 (Emelya) and T-66-3194 (Takmak).

INSECTICIDE SPRAYING IN SOYBEAN PLANTS: DIFFERENT NOZZLES MODELS AND AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the quality of the spraying by the spray volume deposit provided by different nozzles models in two agrometeorological conditions of application. Four parameters related to spray quality were evaluated: spray volume deposit, droplet size, surface tension and contact angle. The treatments consisted of three nozzle models (AXI Twin 12002, TTJ 110015 and JAI 120015) and two application times (between 02:00 p.m. and 04:00 p.m. and between 08:00 a.m. and 09:30 a.m.). The spray volume deposit in the upper portion of the soybean plants was similar, but the JAI 120015 nozzle model produces more uniform droplet spectra and is safer than the AXI Twin 12002 and TTJ 110015 due to the highest drift risk. It is necessary to study alternatives that increase spray deposits in the lower portion of the crop, since in this study the distribution uniformity of the mixture in the portions of the soybean plant was low and the agrometeorological conditions interferes in the deposits of the sprayed mixture but is dependent on the selected nozzle model.

Impacts of climate change on agrometeorological indices at winter wheat overwintering stage in northern China during 2021–2050

Climate change has a significant impact on agrometeorological conditions. We analysed the winter wheat overwintering indices for the northern winter wheat production areas of China (NWPA), which include the percentage of extreme low‐temperature (daily minimum temperature ≤−22 °C) years, the first day of the overwintering period (FDO), sowing date (SD) and precipitation before winter (PBW). Then, we compared the differences of the four indices between the forecast period 2021–2050 and the baseline period 1961–1990 under the RCP4.5 scenario, which were based on the 0.5° × 0.5° grid daily meteorological data output provided by the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. The results showed that the occurrence of extreme cold winters decreases the NWPA, which will result in the northern boundary of winter wheat moving north by 1–2 latitudes and in an increase in the potentially safe overwintering areas by 8.5%. The FDO will be delayed in 2021–2050 by an average of 7.7 days. Climate warming will change the meteorological conditions for winter wheat overwintering in the Huang‐Huai winter wheat area, especially near the southern boundary of the winter wheat planting area, and the areas and years with no obvious overwintering periods will experience an increase by 50% and 56%, respectively. The SD will be postponed by 8.6–9.0 days. The PBW will decrease as the accumulated temperature increases, especially in the Huang‐Huai winter wheat area. In the future, the possible northern boundary for winter wheat planting may move northward, and the northernmost tip may reach 46°N. South of the Huang‐Huai region, winter wheat planting may change from a semi‐winter to a spring variety. These findings will provide a reference for generating wheat planting and management strategies in China.

YIELD VARIABILITY OF GRAIN CROP VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

The work presents the results of research into the yield and quality of grain obtained from crop varieties of different maturity types, namely spring common wheat varieties (mid-early Pamyati Aziyeva, mid-late Baganskaya 95 and Omskaya 28), spring barley (early-ripening Bagan, mid-ripening Acha and Signal) and spring oats (early-ripening Krasnoobsky, mid-ripening SIG, mid-late Ural 2). The study was conducted in the conditions of the steppe zone of Western Siberia (North Kulunda), the climate of which is extremely continental, and is characterized by signifi cant variability of agrometeorological conditions of the vegetation period by years and a drought during the fi rst half of summer. It was established that sowing of midripening and mid-late varieties of wheat and barley resulted in the increase of the grain yield by 0.47-1.07 t/ha or by 24-30%, compared with the more early-ripening varieties. Among various biotypes of oats, the highest yields of grain were formed by sowing of the mid-ripening variety, which was by 0.60-0.87 t/ha or 19-30% higher than the early and mid-late varieties, whereas the highest yield of green mass was achieved by sowing of the mid-late variety. All varieties of barley, oats and mid-early wheat were characterized by signifi cant variability in grain yields by years (with coeffi cient of variation being 24-38%), while midlate varieties of wheat were characterized by medium or small variability in grain yields (coeffi cient of variation being 3-12%). The content of crude gluten in the grain of wheat varieties varied considerably depending on agrometeorological conditions (coeffi cient of variation being 20-25%). On average, over the years of research, the highest content of gluten (34.0%) was in the grain of the mid-early variety Pamyati Aziyeva, the lowest content (27.4%) was in the mid-late Baganskaya 95. The maximum amount of crude gluten in the wheat grain (33.6-40.0%) was observed in the dry year, the minimum (19.9-26.4%) was in the year with favorable humidity. The content of crude protein in the barley grain varied in the experiment from 11.6 to 14.9% (coeffi cient of variation being 9-14%) and did not differ signifi cantly by varieties (12.5-12.9%). The greatest amount of crude protein in the grain of all varieties of barley (13.7-14.9%) was recorded in the dry year.

Parameter sensitivity analysis of the AquaCrop model based on extended fourier amplitude sensitivity under different agro-meteorological conditions and application

Sensitivity analysis (SA) can be used to identify the effects of crop model input parameters on model results. Previous studies have indicated that the ranges, distributions, and properties of many parameters are difficult to estimate, though some may be acquired indirectly from literature. Parameter ranges are often adjusted to fit specific applications, but some are not representative of crop properties. The objectives of this study were to: (i) comprehensively quantify the effects of parameter variation on the sensitivity of AquaCrop output variables based on the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test, (ii) study the effects of parameter variation on the sensitivity of output variables over time, and (iii) calibrate and simplify the AquaCrop model based on the SA results under different agro-meteorological conditions. The results demonstrated that output variable sensitivity varied in response to crop parameter variation. The first order sensitivity index (FOSI) demonstrated that some crop parameters were sensitive to yield and maximum dry biomass. The results from the time-dependent FOSI analysis revealed that some parameters were insensitive to yield and maximum dry biomass but were sensitive to canopy cover and dry biomass during certain wheat growth stages. The total sensitivity index (TSI) and time-dependent TSI of crop parameters were more sensitive than the FOSI and time-dependent FOSI of crop parameters. The sensitivities of winter and spring wheat simulations based on FOSI and time-dependent FOSI were consistent; however, some differences existed between simulations based on TSI and time-dependent TSI. Simulations based on SA were more accurate than previously reported results. Results from the calibrated and simplified AquaCrop model revealed good consistency between simulated and measured canopy cover, biomass, and yield. Future studies should focus on analyzing the sensitivity of crop parameters to dynamic output variables over time to better calibrate and simplify the AquaCrop model.

Produtividade de cultivares de soja associada a graus-dia acumulados sob condição agrometeorológicas em Belterra (PA)

A sojicultura vem crescendo em cultivos agrícolas, principalmente nas áreas que estavam com pecuária extensiva em vias de degradação na região Amazônica. A reintegração dessas áreas ao sistema produtivo tem proporcionado ganhos econômicos, inclusive associados aos ganhos educacionais, devida a consolidação de universidades no oeste do Pará, após assinatura da moratória da soja, ampliando-se a oferta de emprego com a instalação de novas empresas na região. Os agricultores têm buscado alternativas a fim de atenderem as demandas relacionadas ao fornecimento de sementes, adubos e, sobretudo, quanto ao aporte tecnológico, para garantir o processo produtivo, em cada ano, da safra de grãos. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de cultivares de soja associadas à graus-dias acumulados para subsidiar estratégias quanto a época de semeadura em cultivos de soja sob condições agrometeorológicas em Belterra (PA). Foram analisados dados de produtividades de diferentes cultivares com base em dados obtidos de experimento de campo em Belterra, onde foram fornecidas informações de dias dos estádios fenológicos (germinação, floração e colheita). Dados meteorológicos diários foram tratados, sendo esses oriundos da estação do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Em planilha eletrônica (Excel), foram realizados os cálculos de graus-dia acumulados, adotando a temperatura base da soja de 10°C. O rendimento de grãos foi de 3,120kg.ha-1 na cultivar B, e o mais elevado foi de 3,240kg.ha-1, na cultivar C. Ao avaliar os valores acumulados de graus-dia até a floração, a cultivar C obteve a maior soma térmica (574°C) e a cultivar B contabilizou os menores valores de 515,85°C. A cultivar C, por ser de clico mais longo em relação as demais, contabilizou 1742°C, refletindo nas maiores produtividades. O total de graus-dia para completar o ciclo na cultivar C é indicativo de expressão em produtividade superior as demais cultivares analisadas, sendo uma variável resposta que deve ser considerada em planejamento de cultivos de soja para as condições de Belterra, importante município do polo de grãos do oeste do Pará.

Foundations and methods of modeling of projected growth potato globoderosis on agrometeorological conditions

The purpose of the research: to develop verbal, analogous, mathematical models of projected growth of potato globoderosis depending on agrometeorological conditions. Materials and methods. Analysis of national and foreign literature regarding epiphytotiology, modeling was performed, as well as available literature data and personal supervision about influence of meteorological conditions on the potato globoderosis development were generalized. A database received in Kondrovo of Kaluga Region was used in order to develop verbal, analogous, mathematical model. One experimental field was chosen out of 40 experimental fields and plots of land where Sineglazka vulnerable variety was grown during 1979-1993. On the field with average soil quality the population density of nematodes varied from 14,900 to 27,300 (average 20,600) ovicells and larvas at the 100 cubic cm of soil. Globoderosis development was evaluated according to the scale for at-ground visual appraisal of defeat potato plants by globoderosis in points annually in July. Phenological, phytosanitary and phytohelminthological metering and supervision at the experimental field were conducted during vegetational season. Correlation and regression analysis of collected material was conducted using software application Microsoft Excel. Results and discussion. Сorrelation coefficient for meteorological factors closely related to globoderosis development over 15 years were calculated with the help of correlation analysis. Predictors (average daily temperature, quantity and amount of rainfall) for short period forecast of globoderosis development while planting of potatoes with average level of fertility were determined. As the result of regression analysis mathematic models of projected growth globoderosis depending on agrometeorological factors were received. Confidence of a mathematical model, i.e. differences of expectancy record from retrospective average 3.6%. Correspondence of mathematic model was checked by historical data using correlation coefficient between the result of projected growth globoderosis and measurement data. It is 0.83. Accuracy of forecast varied from -36.8 to 36.5%.

Assessing the information in crop model and meteorological indicators to forecast crop yield over Europe

The MARS-Crop Yield Forecasting System (M-CYFS) is used since 1993 to forecast the yields of all major crops in the European Union (EU) based on gridded runs of the WOFOST crop model. Using 28 years of observation, from 1988 to 2015, we quantified the variability in crop yield reported by all 28 EU Member States (MS) that can be explained by each individual WOFOST crop model based predictors and a few simple meteorological variables. A linear regression is used as a screening tool to quantify the relationship between each predictor and the yield residuals from the trend throughout the crop cycle for 168 country/crop combinations, assuming the yield residuals from the trend depend on the inter-annual climate variability. The results are plotted and analyzed at different level: every 10 days for each country crop/combination and each predictor; synthetized every 10 days for each country/crop combination keeping the predictor showing the best relationship with the yield residuals; finally, the best predictor found for each MS during the entire growing season is used to evaluate the ability of the model to estimate yield variability of each crop at European scale.While 61% of the grain maize (Zea mays L.) yield variability can be anticipated 80 days before harvest with the simulated water limited biomass for countries where rainfed maize prevails, 41% of the soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield variability can be reproduced a month before harvest, the best estimates being obtained where wheat is predominantly exposed to water stress. For the other crops analyzed, the results are also found to be reliable for crops predominantly exposed to water stress and becoming unreliable in agricultural systems exposed to an oceanic climate with a high level of inputs. The agro-meteorological processes related to an excess of water (nitrogen losses, diseases, anoxia, harvest conditions) would need to be disentangled and better integrated into the crop modeling system to improve the predictors.The monthly cumulated meteorological predictors are performing only slightly worse than the crop model predictors and help to characterize the main processes responsible for the yield variability. Nevertheless, the predictive capacity of the meteorological predictors is spatially and temporally incoherent and differs according to the crop phenology. In comparison, the M-CYFS crop model predictors are more consistent since the predictors summarize the succession of agro-meteorological conditions determining the yield throughout the entire growing season.

Agrometeorological conditions associated with phenological responses of tucumã-do-pará (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.)

ABSTRACT Palms are among the class of hyperdominant species in the Amazon region, and for the tucumã palm (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) demand of climatic and phenological information in order to support strategic planning and sustainable management of this palm species native to the Amazon basin. The objective of this work was to evaluate agrometeorological conditions associated to phenological responses of tucumã as a species that has high economic potential for fruit pulp production. Meteorological data were collected during the period in which data were also collected for the phenology of the germplasm bank. Sensors were installed to monitor temperature and air relative humidity to where they are observed as phenophases. Analyses were conducted to identify the responses of the tucumã stems in function of agrometeorological conditions of the study area. Precipitation, thermal amplitude, and insolation showed positive correlations principally with respect to the percent of stems with bracts, inflorescences, or with fertilized inflorescences. In the fruiting phenological phase precipitation and air relative humidity influenced the percentage of stems with fruit clusters that were immature and also ones with mature clusters. High maximum temperatures compromise the expression of the percentage of stems with green fruit clusters. The tucumã stems were photosynthesizing and carrying out metabolic processes at a very high rate during the study period based on the high Normalized Difference Vegetation Index which was superior to 0.41 during the three years of this study. The tucumã phenological phases, demonstrating a strong positive association with insolation, maximum temperature and thermal amplitude.

Assessment of ecological plasticity and stability of sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) in Ukrainian Steppe

Modern hybrids of sunflower show a pronounced response to changes in agrometeorological conditions of their growing. The<br />research was carried out during 2013-2015 under conditions of insufficient moisture in the Southern steppe of Ukraine. Field<br />and mathematical-statistical methods were used. A comparative assessment of levels of ecological stability was made for 7<br />sunflower hybrids (the company “Pioneer”). The application of plasticity and stability analysis by the Eberhard-Russell method<br />allows carrying out an integrated assessment of new hybrids in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions and a reaction<br />norm of genotypes to cultivation technology. In the dry steppe zone the sunflower realizes 45% of its genetic yield potential.<br />The highest yield of the studied hybrids was observed in 2013 when, despite the unfavourable hydrothermal index of the year,<br />the minimum relative air humidity during the flowering period was optimal (61.8%). A certain number of genotypes are<br />characterized by the average group value of the plasticity index of yield (i.e. close to 1), namely: PR64LE19, PR64LE71, PR64LE11, PR64A71. Stability ranges from 0.29 in the hybrid PR64LE11 to 32.51 in the hybrid PR64LE19. The hybrids PR64LE71 and PR64LE19 change their ecological plasticity under varying growing conditions. The hybrid PR64F66 is less responsive to varying environments than the whole set of hybrids on average but, compared to others, exhibits average stability. The best results were shown by the hybrids PR64F50 and PR64A89, since they are more sensitive to varying environments and more stable than other hybrids. Growing hybrids of different levels of intensity, genetically and biologically diverse, allows the effective exploitation of agroecological potential of different zones.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HARVESTING TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS PROJECTS

The peculiarities of technological systems projects of agrarian production (crops harvesting) are outlined. There proven that the systematic approach need take into account the interaction of their components. The basic notions of material production are given. Those methodological peculiarities of projects management processes researching (modeling) of the technological systems in different branches of production, in particular for the sugar beets harvesting, are outlined. The research stages of these technological systems projects with the use of statistical simulation methods of corresponding projects are indicated. The consolidated components of sugar beet harvesting projects are singled out and their influence on the dynamics of these projects execution is conceptually disclosed. The project environment of sugar beet harvesting technological systems, as well as its influence on the works in these projects, has been characterized. The interaction peculiarities of the subject (sugar beet and field characteristics) and agro-meteorological conditions on the project execution possibility are outlined. It is proved that in order to objectively substantiate the parameters of the technical equipment of sugar beet harvesting projects it is necessary to develop methods and models that take into account the specifics of the influence of the project environment. The system links between hierarchical tasks of strategic, tactical and operational planning in projects of sugar beet harvesting technological systems are indicated. The solution of these tasks involves a clear sequence of research, which involving the simulation techniques for relevant projects. It has been established that disclosure of these interconnections plays a fundamental role in the formation of initial information and the development of appropriate methods and models for studying (modeling) projects of technological harvesting systems, as well as providing an opportunity to substantiate the rational parameters of their technical equipment.