Agriculture In Vietnam Research Articles

A Blockchain-Based Framework for Developing Traceability Applications towards Sustainable Agriculture in Vietnam

Recently, many governments in the world have been focusing on building sustainable agriculture to improve the life quality of farmers and significantly increase their income. In Vietnam, however, the farmers still face the problems of “good harvest–low prices, and vice versa” and lack capital for scaling or transforming the production model. One of the main reasons for this phenomenon is that the price of agricultural products does not depend on farmers’ efforts but is based on the purchase price of the trader or the market price. Besides, the farmers also maintain farming habits based on regional culture or follow trendy and profitable agricultural products. Those production strategies make this type of product oversupplied, leading to a down in price shortly, so the farmers’ income will decrease. The above problems stem from the lack of information and communication tools between actors in the agricultural value chain, especially between cooperatives, farmers, and consumers. This paper presents a Blockchain-based framework for developing a traceability solution as an effective method of communication between actors in the agricultural value chain toward a sustainable agricultural model. The proposed approach helps to fully convey the production and distribution of agricultural products and the ability to verify traceability information, thereby helping to increase prices and protect the brand of agricultural products.

Impacts of the policy on exemption of irrigation service fee on irrigation performance, a case study in the Red River Basin, Vietnam

AbstractThe policy on irrigation service fee had been adopted in irrigated agriculture in Vietnam for decades but has changed to exemption since 2008. This study surveyed irrigation systems in the Red River basin and found that the ratio of irrigated area to cultivation command area of irrigation system increased from 85% to 91% for a period 2008–2014 thanks to increased maintenance fund for upgrading irrigation systems. Using the Difference in Difference method, the study assessed impact of the policy on on‐farm irrigation performance, agricultural productivity, and household economy at sites across the 44,600 ha of the Cau Son Irrigation System. The analysis found that the exemption policy had a negative and significant impact (p < 0.01) on on‐farm irrigation performance measured by flexibility, reliability, and equity indicators. We found the exemption caused no significant impact on agriculture productivity, cultivation labor, or rice yield in the study area. While net cultivation income of the sample households increased, total income and gross cultivation income of these households were not affected as irrigation service fee accounts for only 1–2% of the total annual household incomes. For improved irrigation performance, it is recommended to revise the current exemption policy and follow a cost recovery approach.

Perennial Plants in Vietnam's Economy

Vietnam has strengths in perennial crop production due to its diverse soil, climate and crop ecosystems. Developing perennial crops is strength of our Vietnam's agriculture to serve the requirements of raw materials for the processing industry and for export. During the 36 years of renovation (1995 - 2021), perennial crop production has continuously developed comprehensively, growing rapidly both in terms of area expansion and intensive farming to increase productivity and output. In recent years, the output of most perennial crops has increased sharply, especially those associated with export such as coffee, rubber, tea, cashew, and pepper. Policymakers and many researchers in Vietnam seem to be "crazy" for the GDP index, so everything seems to be compared with GDP; if an industry's share in GDP is low, it doesn't seem these sectors important enough! This study used input-output analysis method to show the importance of perennial crops to the Vietnamese economy through the multiplier links between industries (inter-industrial) and the economy's supply-demand relationship.

USING AQUATIC PLANTS AS TREATMENT FOR SWINE-BREEDING WASTEWATER AFTER BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY

The livestock industry is one of the important sectors of agriculture in Vietnam. The swine-breeding farms are mainly spontaneous, the common wastewater is treated by biogas technology. However, the actual operation at the farms, shows that the wastewater treatment by biogas has been high content and still exceeded the standards of national regulation QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT of COD, BOD5, TN, PO43-, leading to affect the environment. An empirical study was carried out to treat swine-breeding wastewater after biogas technology using Sagittaria sagittifolia and Enydra fluctuans. The results showed that the swine-breeding farming wastewater treatment model with Enydra fluctuans has an efficiency of 73.3% of COD content, 89.2% of BOD5, 88.3% of TN, and 89.6% of PO43-. Sagittaria sagittifolia showed a yield of 66.7% of COD content, 78.7% of BOD5, 69.5% of TN, and 85.1% of PO43-. With the same conditions and the same experimental design method, Enydra fluctuans showed better treatment results than Sagittaria sagittifolia. However, wastewater is treated by Sagittaria sagittifolia and Enydra fluctuans meeting the regulations QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT, column B for pH, COD, BOD5, TN, PO43- parameters after 30 days. The treatmen model shows great potential for using aquatic plants to remove pollutants from swine-breeding wastewater. However, further studies should be carried out to evaluate the model's stability and applicability in practice.

Potential and Trends of IoT Application in Agriculture in Vietnam

Vietnam is a country with a lot of potential and strengths in agriculture, but in the current period, along with the narrowing of arable land, the quality of soil and the increasingly harsh climate have caused difficulties for activities. Along with the strong development of the industrial revolution 4.0, the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in agriculture is increasingly popular. However, for the application to be synchronized and to effectively exploit IoT technology resources in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to have a policy orientation on science and application from the government. This article will address the outstanding issues of IoT application in Vietnamese agriculture and point out some potential applications.

The effect of risk on supply chain cooperation: Evidence from Vietnam agriculture

The study aims to test the impact of risk on supply chain cooperation in the agriculture sector in Vietnam. The research paper used the quantitative research method through analysing structural equation modelling (SEM), with a dataset of 518 observations. The survey subject is the experienced and knowledgeable manager in supply chain management in the agricultural sector. The result found that risk has impacted not only directly and negatively on the supply chain cooperation but also indirectly through intermediary factors, namely commitment and the participant's opportunistic behaviour. In addition, the study has also proved that in some cases, the participant's dependency mentality in work and opportunistic behaviour lead to the opposite impact of commitment on trust and level of supply chain cooperation in agriculture. Based on this result, the study also makes recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the supply chain cooperation in the agricultural sector in Vietnam. The findings contributed to both theory and practice. It pointed out the impact of risk on the supply chain cooperation in the agricultural sector, as well as the mediating role of commitment and opportunistic behaviour in this relationship.

Business environmental factors affecting the efficiency of foreign direct investment emterprises in agriculture in VietNam

This study investigates potential impact of business environment factors toward investment efficiency of foreign direct investment (FDI) enterprises with the context of Vietnamese agriculture sector. The authors combined qualitative research methods (expert interviews) to develop research and quantitative models (EFA, CFA and SEM) to test research hypotheses. The findings revealed a direct influence of business environment among a sample of 68 enterprises, including: (1) Macro environment; (2) Intra-sectorial factors and (3) Inter-sectorial factors on business performance (profit, cost, export revenue, market share). In conclusion, some implications are proposed for more appropriate mechanisms and policies to improve the efficiency of business environment and at the same time increase the attraction of FDI for the Vietnamese agriculture.

Measuring the impact of climate change on agriculture in Vietnam: A panel Ricardian analysis

AbstractThis article investigates the economic impacts of changes in climatic conditions on Vietnamese agriculture. We apply the two‐step Hsiao method to a 10‐year panel of household data which focuses on the production of 20 crops across seven regions in Vietnam. This study allows for variable market feedbacks across regions that grow different selections of crops. In this way, our article differs from most panel Ricardian analyses which assume uniform market shocks on households. Our analysis also includes climate interactions to allow the effects of temperatures to be dependent on the levels of rainfall. Panel evidence from the Ricardian model suggests heterogeneous climate impacts across seasons and regions. Rising seasonal temperatures are associated with losses to most regions, with spring temperatures being the exception. Increases in summer precipitation are valuable to mitigate the negative effects of rising temperatures. Changes in climate normal should not be the focus of policymakers since the simulation indicates marginal losses to agricultural productivity, both in the short term and the long term. Regions with cool climates are likely to be most affected by the projected climate change.

Human capital and productivity growth in agriculture in Vietnam

For a country that is in the process of transforming its agricultural model for development like Vietnam, human capital development is one of the most important keys to ensure the sustainable of economy. In order improve agricultural productivity, it is needed to increase the level of human capital of the agrarian population. This study examines the relationship between human capital and labor productivity in the 1997 - 2018 period of Vietnam. This study employs a quantitative approach, using the endogenous growth model with the Cobb-Douglas production function to analyze the factor’s contribution to Agriculture labor productivity. The result showed that human capital development has a significant impact on agricultural productivity in Vietnam. The result also showed that there exists a U-shaped quadratic relationship between trade openness and agricultural output. The findings also showed that the contribution rate of human capital in labor productivity growth is low, while capital investment does not reflect changes in labor productivity. Therefore, in order for human capital to become one of the important factors to promote Agriculture labor productivity in the future, Vietnam needs to raise awareness of the role of human capital and to focus on developing human resources as a tool for improving productivity of agriculture, to transform the growth model from width to depth. It should also be essential to move towards developing hi-tech agriculture with high productivity in the future.

Impacts of Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization on Agricultural Activities of Affected Households: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

Agricultural land acquisition for urbanization (ALAFU) has strongly impacted agriculture in Vietnam during the last decades. Given the mixed data obtained from a survey (with 50 households who lost 50% of their farmland area), in-depth interviews, a group-focused discussion and observation, this study shows the different impacts of ALAFU on each agricultural activity of affected household by comparing before and after ALAFU. Rice cultivation and animal breeding have sharply declined, but potted flower plantation (PFP) has quickly grown and is the main income of 34% of surveyed households. Rice cultivation has declined not only as a result of agricultural land acquisition, which has resulted in the loss of rice land, but also as a result of urbanization, which has resulted in rice land abandonment. Conversely, PFP is growing due to advantages associated with urbanization, such as a good consumer market and upgraded infrastructure. However, whether they are declining or increasing, all agricultural activities have to face challenges related to the shortcomings in agricultural land allocation and agricultural development plans. This study suggests that if ALAFU projects are continued, the government should evaluate agricultural development and forecast farmland abandonment after ALAFU. Simultaneously, they should put more effort into maintaining agriculture in the form of peri-urban or urban agriculture, which is significant for sustainable development in affected communities.

UK Consumers’ Preferences for Ethical Attributes of Floating Rice: Implications for Environmentally Friendly Agriculture in Vietnam

Vietnam plays an important role in bearing global food security. However, Vietnamese rice farmers face several challenges, including pressures to develop sustainable livelihoods while reducing the environmental impacts of their production activities. Various Vietnamese agricultural restructuring policies were promulgated to promote the adoption of environmentally friendly practices to generate high value added for rice farmers, but the farmers are reluctant to adopt them because of perceived lack of demand. Decreasing consumption of rice in Asia and increasing demands in Europe shaped Vietnamese rice exporting policies. New trade agreements, such as the UK–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, offer new target markets for Vietnamese rice farmers. This research provides empirical evidence related to the preferences of UK consumers for ethical attributes for floating rice imported from Vietnam. Floating rice represents a traditional method of rice cultivation that relies on the natural flooding cycle. Its cultivation uses very few agrochemical inputs and provides several other environmental, economic, and social benefits. In an online survey, the study used a choice experiment that asked 306 UK consumers to report their preferences for one kilo of floating rice with three non-market attributes: reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, allocation of profits to the farmers, and restitution of biodiversity. Overall, study participants favored the attributes of floating rice, but reported utility for only the “fair trade” attribute and for a marginal willingness to pay premiums for profit allocations to farmers. Consumers did not find value in either CO2 emission reduction or biodiversity improvement. Results from the study provide recommendations to develop agricultural programs, distribution strategies, and informational methods to encourage floating rice consumption in the UK.

Changing Trade Policies to Ensure Agricultural Export Growth in Vietnam in post COVID-19

In 2020, Vietnam's agriculture industry faces many big challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters and floods, contagious diseases such as African swine fever. Even in the difficult context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Vietnam’s agricultural sector still maintains a fairly high growth, especially agricultural export with GDP growth rate reached 2.65%; total agricultural export turnover reached 41.25 billion USD. The market of agricultural products continues to develop, and the domestic market is expanded.

Evaluating Several Models of Quality Management and Impacts on Lychee Price Applying for Vietnam Agriculture Products Value Chain Sustainable Development

Sustainability of Vietnam agriculture value chain will be dependent on various factors such as skills and experience of farmers, advanced technology, agricultural engineering, standards and models such as VIETGAP or GLOBAL GAP, etc. The role is still important, but Vietnam's agricultural production still has many Weakness points compared to other countries in the region when comparing resource use efficiency (land, water and labor). As a result, the efficiency of agricultural production tends to decrease recently. Specifically, the growth in average agricultural labor productivity annual rate of Vietnam also decreased correspondingly from 2.7% in the period 1990-1999 to 2.5% in the period 2000-2013 (World Bank, 2016). In Vietnam, we will evaluate the effectiveness of VIETGAP and GLOBAL GAP models, principles and standards applying in Vietnam agriculture value chain in a specific case study. The research results show a strict condition for applying VIETGAP and GLOBAL GAP for better quality in agriculture, including: Conditions for soil, irrigation water, fertilizers, pest control, etc. Last but not least, we also use an econometric model to measure impacts of multi macro factors on lychee price in Vietnam market over past years 2014-2019. Regression results show that we need to control inflation at low level, stable GDP growth and trade balance and exchange rate to stabilize lychee price. The research findings are of value to policy makers, farmers and investors in making decisions to invest for sustainability of Vietnam agriculture value chain. We will also make suggestions for commercial bank system in agriculture sector development.

Development of High-tech Agriculture in the Context of Industrialization and Urbanization: The Case of Vietnam

The aim of this article is to assess the importance and development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam under the context of industrialization and urbanization. Due to pressure from international economic integration and climate change in recent years, high-tech agriculture seems to be an affordable direction for Vietnam to renovate the agricultural sector. Although high-tech agriculture has existed in different locals and sub-sectors of agriculture such as crop, livestock, and aquaculture, and Vietnam has obtained initial achievements in adopting high-tech agriculture, this country has to face a number of challenges related to land, credit, information technology, and human resources in the process of developing high-tech agriculture. Lastly, policies are recommended to facilitate the development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam.

Blockchain technology for sustainable supply chains of agri-food in Vietnam: a SWOT analysis

Such a disruptive technology as the blockchain platform has a potential to provide value-added contributions towards multiple-disciplinary applications these days. Blockchain technology, considered as the second generation of the Internet in the digital age, has been applied in practice for various industry such as finance, healthcare, tourism, retailing, manufacturing, education, public sector, supply chains management, agri-food industry and so on. In which, supply chain operations, particularly agri-food management, becomes a prosperous beneficiary from blockchain technology. In the local context, Vietnam has been achieved the competitive advantages in agricultural production among the world in some agri-food products such as black peppercorn, cashew nuts, coffee, coconut, rice, and rubber. Furthermore, Vietnam is considered as one of pioneers in implementing blockchain technology for traceability and transparency of agri-food products across Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. However, design and implementation of the blockchain technology application in agri-food production in the case of Vietnam agriculture industry have been confronted with opportunities and challenges, besides its strengths and weaknesses in nature. This paper aims to concentrating on the analysis of Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of blockchain-applied supply chain relevant to agri-food products. In addition, the application of blockchain technology in supply chains has been expected to promote the sustainable development of Vietnam agriculture, in the accordance with the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 21st century. We adopt the research method of interpretive approach to synthesize the literature and reasonably induce research conclusions. We finally prescribe some policy recommendations and implications for agri-food stakeholders such as regional policy makers, agri-food based blockchain platform designers, executives, and farmers as users in relevant to facilitate the blockchain technology for agri-food chains in Vietnam agriculture.

Current situation and awareness of pesticide abuse in agriculture in Vietnam

Chemicals such as pesticides, antibiotics and hormones are used for plants and animals to boost production and ensure an adequate supply of food. However, when using these chemicals in excess of the maximum allowable limit in food can cause many unfortunate consequences for human health, from short-term effects such as headaches and nausea to chronic effects such as cancer, damaging organs and causing many diseases. The harms of many pesticides and plant protection to human health and ecosystems in Vietnam are something that scientists, newspapers and many organizations have warned against for many years. Plant protection drugs are toxic to humans and livestock, adversely affect public health, pollute the environment, and kill both insects and beneficial microorganisms, thereby creating conditions for stronger disease development. If using the wrong technique, it will quickly create resistance to the insecticide. Plant protection drugs sometimes leave toxic residues on agricultural products, poisoning users, reducing the quality and competitiveness of agricultural products. The article uses the method of analyzing and comparing data and numbers to determine the impact of pesticides on human life. This paper also focuses on analyzing the use of homestead, the disadvantages, limitations, and negatives of the drugs to life and to raise awareness of drug users.

Market constraints, misallocation, and productivity in Vietnam agriculture

We examine important changes in agriculture in Vietnam in the context of ongoing structural changes in the economy. We use a household-level panel dataset and a quantitative framework to document the extent and consequences of factor misallocation in agriculture during the period between 2006 and 2016. Despite rapid growth in agricultural productivity and a reallocation of factor inputs to more productive farmers, we find that misallocation across farmers remains high and increased during the period. Reallocation of factor inputs has not been strong enough to accommodate substantial changes in farm productivity over time. Our analysis also reveals important differences between the north and south regions.

Role of online media in agriculture development in Vietnam

In the history of Vietnam’s establishment and development, agriculture has always been an important economic sector. In 2019, the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors accounted for 13.96% of Vietnam’s GDP. However, this is also the year that witnessed the GDP growth of the agriculture sector plummeted to only 2.2 percent. There are many factors responsible for the decline in the share of agriculture in economic growth, while other sectors have increased. In the current context, with the outstanding development of science and technology, global networking and information society, every aspect of development including agriculture development cannot be separated from the operation of media, especially online media. This paper analyses the role of online media in agriculture development in Vietnam by analyzing hundreds of articles published in different electronic newspapers. The paper particularly examines 217 news-articles produced on VnExpress, the most read Vietnamese newspaper. While discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the role of media in agriculture development, the paper also explores some new paradigm and recommends to enhance the role of online media for digitizing the development of agriculture in Vietnam in this digital age.

Sustainable development for Vietnam agriculture

Agriculture is one of the important and complex sectors, it is not only a simple economic sector but also a biological - technical system. Because the basis for agricultural development is the use of bio-energy - plants and animals. Agricultural sector, if understood in a narrow sense, is only the cultivation, husbandry and service sectors. As for agriculture, in broad terms it also includes forestry and fishery. Agriculture provides food and food for social needs, agriculture is the basic material production industry, plays a major role in economic development in most of the country, especially in developing countries. At present, Vietnam’s agriculture has great potential and can be enriched from agriculture. However, wastage and loss in agriculture are still high in the stages of processing, harvesting and preserving. Mechanization is still low, lower than Thailand, so agricultural labor productivity is not high. Over the past years, Vietnam’s Agriculture has achieved important developments, contributing to the development of Vietnam’s economy. However, to achieve higher goals in the next 10 years, Vietnam’s agriculture needs to promote its strengths, such as: Well implementing land policies in agriculture; training high quality human resources; building a credible agriculture, which is clean, safe, quality agriculture and organic agriculture; protect natural environment, such as: land, climate, weather, hydrology, etc. In order to ensure sustainable agricultural development.

Current Status and Perspectives of Organic Fertilizer on Agriculture in Vietnam

This paper summarizes the history of fertilizer use in Vietnam and some selected countries, introduces the role of inorganic and organic fertilizers and comes up with the conclusion that, for most of the crops, balanced use of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients with the ratio of 70:30 is the most effective combination. We recommended slow release fertilizer (SRF), controlled release fertilizer (CRF) and stabilized fertilizer (SF) as the new generation fertilizer for effectively producing organic fertilizers.