Performance Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Assessing potential reductions of agricultural GHG in countries with different land productivities: Long-term integrated efficiency in DEA hybrid meta-frontier model.

Globally, the agricultural sector is responsible for the emission of ca. 9.3 gigatons of CO2 equivalent annually. A realistic efficiency model orientation, considering agricultural policy objectives in a given region of the world, is a crucial premise for finding the optimal path for achieving global targets of emission reduction. The main objective of this article is to assess agricultural greenhouse gases (GHG) potential reductions in countries with different farming productivity accounting for food security and economic performance of agricultural sector. The analysis focuses on non-radial slack that, theoretically, may be easily reduced by the improvement in available resource management. The DEA-based hybrid super-efficiency meta frontier model with undesirable output was employed, using the efficiency approach integrating three sustainability dimensions. The dataset consisted of data from 99 countries (2005-2018) divided into clusters. Several potential model orientations were tested and discussed with regard to agricultural policy objectives. It was found that by reducing slacks, agricultural emissions can be decreased by 0.74 Gt of CO2eq per year. Hence, removing only management inefficiencies would help achieve up to 80% of the global reduction targets in agriculture without a substantial technological change. However, the efficiency change component turned out to be mainly negative over the period studied; thus, a specific focus on agricultural policy is needed in terms of supporting farmers with a more rational use of their resources.

The Impact of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria

The study investigates the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on agricultural sector performance in Nigeria using time series data spanning from 1990 to 2021. The research adopts an ex-post facto design and utilizes data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Advanced statistical tools, including Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models, Descriptive Statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Tests, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Tests, and the Cumulative Sum of Recursive Residuals (CUSUM) Squares Test, were employed. The findings reveal that credit to the private sector has a positive but insignificant impact on agricultural sector performance. Broad money supply, monetary policy rate, and inflation rate exhibit negative and insignificant impacts, while banks' lending rates show a positive and significant impact. Jointly, the selected macroeconomic variables have a weak but significant impact on agricultural sector performance. The results highlight that while macroeconomic variables collectively influence the sector, the lending rate plays a more critical role in agricultural growth. Based on these findings, the study recommends improving access to agricultural credit through simplified loan processes and specialized financing products, enhancing monetary policy transmission to reduce financial intermediation frictions, and fostering a stable macroeconomic environment through effective inflation control and exchange rate management. Additionally, monetary policy adjustments should consider their potential effects on different sectors, including agriculture, to ensure sustainable credit growth and investment. Stabilizing inflation through sound fiscal and monetary policies is also emphasized to create a conducive environment for agricultural producers.

Dynamic model in analyzing Indonesia’s agricultural sector’s macroeconomic performance

Indonesia, an emerging archipelagic nation, possesses abundant natural resources spanning marine, land (including forests and water sources), and diverse biological riches. The agricultural sector emerges as a pivotal driver of growth across the country, exhibiting extensive distribution. Consequently, there is an urgent imperative for comprehensive research to bolster and optimize the performance of this sector. This study aims to meticulously analyze and scrutinize macroeconomic variables aimed at enhancing Indonesia’s agricultural sector. Through the utilization of a dynamic panel model, the study zeroes in on crucial variables: economic growth in the agricultural sector, farmer terms of exchange, human development index, population density, inflation, average daily wages, and lagged economic growth data from each province in Indonesia. The best model for dynamic panel testing, employing both First Difference Generalized Method of Moments (FD-GMM) and Generalized Method of Moments System (SYS-GMM) approaches, is identified as the SYS-GMM model. This model exhibits unbiased and consistent estimation, as evidenced by the Arellano-Bond (AB) test and Sargan test results. The analysis conducted using this selected model reveals notable findings. Lagging agricultural sector performance, human capital measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), and farmers’ exchange rates are found to significantly and positively influence the economic growth of the agricultural sector. Conversely, inflation exerts a significant and negative impact on sectoral growth. However, wage levels and population density do not demonstrate a significant partial effect on the economic growth of the agricultural sector.

Tác động của biến động tỷ giá hối đoái đến xuất khẩu nông nghiệp của Việt Nam và vai trò của tự do hóa tài chính tại nước đối tác

This study assesses the impact of real exchange rate volatility on Vietnam’s agricultural exports, considering the role financial liberalization in its trading partners. The author employs Poisson pseudomaximum likelihood estimators to estimate a gravity model covering bilateral agricultural exports from Vietnam to 187 its trading partners during 1996-2021. The empirical results of this study indicate that exchange rate volatility hampers agricultural exports of Vietnam and financial liberalization in its trading partners is crucial for alleviating this adverse nexus. Therefore, maintaining stable exchange rate is necessary to boost agricultural exports of Vietnam. In addition, under great turmoil in global economy with strong fluctuations in exchange rates, Vietnam still has a chance to increase its agricultural exports to countries that have high levels of financial liberalization. This finding has an important implication for selecting trading partners to improve export performance of agricultural sector in Vietnam.

Agricultural Scenario of Nepal: Growth Performance and Swot Analysis

This study aimed to determine the performance of agriculture sector in Nepal which would help in formulating better policies for its improvement. The study estimated the growth and instability for the period 2001-02 to 2020-21, dividing it into two periods, period-I (2001-02 to 2010-11) and period-II (2011-12 to 2020-21). The growth and instability analysis indicated that the growth of production of almost all crops were increased during period-II. Oilseeds showed the highest increase in production with growth rate of 6.26%, whereas millet and coffee showed decreasing rate of production in period-II. The area under wheat and millet decreased drastically in period-II. Although instability in area increased in period-II for almost all the crops, tea experienced highest increase. Instability in coffee production decreased from 41.85% in period-I to 15.92% in period-II, highest among selected crops. The instabilities in production were due to natural calamities, lesser and untimely availability of inputs, less priority in the research sector for minor crops and so on. Livestock subsector has been performing well as compared to the crop sector. Prioritization by the government and wide climatic conditions are the major strengths of the sector whereas unavailability of inputs in time and lack of investment frameworks are the weaknesses. Farm mechanization, topography and agri-tourism are some opportunities and climate change, fragmentation of arable land, brain-drain are the threats to this sector in Nepal. The major focus of the government should be on utilizing the rural labor force on agriculture sector through different schemes such as effective crop and livestock insurance, timely supply of demanded inputs and proper extension services.

Public expenditure and performance of the agricultural sector: evidence from Sri Lanka

This study investigates the influence of agricultural public expenditure on the performance of Sri Lanka's agriculture sector. Utilizing data sourced from the annual reports of the Ministry of Finance spanning 2011 to 2022, the findings reveal a significant and positive correlation between the recurrent expenditure of the Department of Agriculture (DoA) and the gross domestic production of the agriculture sector (p < 0.01). However, no statistical evidence supports a significant relationship between the Ministry of Agriculture's (MoA) capital expenditure and DoA and the performance of the agriculture sector. These results underscore the pivotal role of public recurrent agricultural expenditure in bolstering the agriculture sector's performance. Particularly noteworthy is the significant impact of DoA's recurrent expenditure on sectoral performance. The study advocates for increased budget allocation towards recurrent expenditure within the agriculture sector, especially emphasizing the importance of augmenting the DoA's recurrent expenditure to ensure enhanced performance and sustainability. Ultimately, the study underscores the critical importance of effective and efficient management of public funds in driving the agriculture sector's performance.

Bank loans to agricultural SMEs and the performance of the agriculture sector in Sri Lanka

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of bank loans for agricultural SMEs on agriculture sector performance, specifically assessing how this financial support influences the overall performance of the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka. Data for both dependent and independent variables were meticulously sourced from the annual reports of the Ministry of Finance, covering the study period from 2012 to 2021. The study evaluates the performance of 16 distinct agricultural economic activities, each contributing uniquely to Sri Lanka's economy. The descriptive statistics, particularly the mean values, highlight intriguing aspects of Sri Lanka's agricultural sector. Notably, there is a considerable disparity in the average gross domestic production, with marine fishing and marine aquaculture emerging as highly productive. At the same time, the growing of other beverage crops demonstrates a significantly lower contribution. Crucially, the regression analysis affirms a positive and statistically significant impact of bank loans to agricultural SMEs on the performance of the overall agricultural sector in Sri Lanka. This substantiates the fundamental need for adequate bank loans for agricultural SMEs to empower and enhance the performance of the entire agriculture sector. As this study sheds light on the positive correlation between bank loans for agricultural SMEs and agricultural sector performance, it underscores the importance of tailored public policies concerning loan proportions and amounts for distinct economic activities within the agriculture sector.

AZ ÚJRAKEZDÉS KÖVETE: BENCSIK ISTVÁN (1953-1970) /DEBRECENI AGRÁRFELSŐOKTATÁS/ (1910-1998)

Agriculture played a significant role in consolidating the domestic political system after 1956. The rapid development of the Hungarian agricultural sector's performance contributed significantly to the country's relations with the economically developed regions of the world, with the so-called Hungarian model incorporating backyard farming into large-scale agriculture. However, this progress was achieved through an arduous road to development, resulting in internationally recognised vocational training standards in agriculture, particularly in higher agricultural education. Since the second half of the 1960s, there has been a noticeable development in the agricultural sector in Hungary. It has managed to preserve the creative traditions of its historical peasantry to a certain extent. The Debrecen agricultural higher education had a decisive role in the ambitious development of Hungarian agriculture. István Bencsik was an outstanding player in this process, actively contributing to the material and intellectual foundation of higher education in Debrecen. His work later impacted the agriculture of Tiszántúl and the wider region.

Transport Infrastructure, Institutional Quality and Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria

This research paper investigated the interaction among transport infrastructure, institutional quality and agricultural sector performance in Nigeria using annual data from 2000 to 2022. The ADF unit root test, Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test, and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique were deployed in the analysis of data. The empirical findings revealed that road infrastructure quality (LNROADQ) significantly influenced agriculture sector development. However, port infrastructure quality (LNPORTQ) was shown to negatively impact agriculture sector performance. Furthermore, the result revealed that institutional quality (LNREQ) significantly contributed to agriculture sector development in Nigeria. Therefore, the government should invest heavily in road transport, giving priority to roads that are mostly used for economic purposes such as agriculture, oil transportation and other economic-driven activities. Also, institutional quality should be improved.

Growth and Instability in Agriculture Production in Odisha, India

The performance of agriculture sector in any economy is better understood through the analysis of growth and instability in agriculture production. It is evident that the growth of agriculture in Odisha is very erratic in nature and huge instability is there in agricultural production. Instability in agriculture affects the trend and pattern of production which creates risk in farmers’ ability to adopt new technologies. Therefore, this paper aims to study the growth and instability in agriculture production in Odisha where growth and instability on area, yield and production of twenty crops have been calculated. Instability in agriculture production is caused by various agricultural reforms, weather variation and price fluctuation. Therefore, in this study attempt has been made to analyse the contribution of agriculture and allied sector to GSVA in Odisha over the years, sectoral employment, and district wise crop intensity. To examine growth and instability in agriculture of twenty major crops, this study has undertaken decadal analysis by using secondary data. Total four decades i.e. 1970-80, 1980-90, 1990-00, 2000-10 and 2010-20 are considered. The results show that, agriculture sector is leading sector in providing employment and significantly contribute to GSDP in Odisha. However, the area under cultivation of all the crops area gradually decreasing due to the urbanization but the percentage of area under cereal cultivation is decreasing whereas percentage of area under pulses are increasing but the area under total food grains is decreasing showing farmers are switching towards non-food grain products. So far, the growth of production and yield of different crop areas shows erratic growth in agricultural crops, as evident from the high instability rate in the growth of different crops. The cropping intensity shows that it is lower than the national level and therefore the role of technology needs to be identified.

Identifying Determinants of Food Security Using Panel Data Analysis: Evidence from Maghreb Countries

Countries and international bodies are focusing on agriculture as a route to achieving sustainable food security. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the determinants of food security. It investigates the effects of gross domestic product deflator (GDPD), rural population, arable area, agricultural workers, farmers, agricultural exports, and agricultural imports on agricultural performance, which is a metric of food security. This study uses time lapse data models of a sample from the group of Maghreb states, namely Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Mauritania, for the 2003–2018 period. All these data were collected from the statistical reports of the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development. The results provide evidence of the significant positive impacts of gross domestic product, arable areas, and agricultural exports on the agricultural sector’s performance, which results in achieving food security. However, the results indicate that the rural population and the number of workers in the agricultural sector have a significantly negative relationship with agricultural sector performance. In terms of agricultural imports, the results do not show a relationship between agricultural imports and agricultural sector performance. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study conducted in the Maghreb states, including five countries. This study alerts policymakers to issues regarding the importance of having effective policies that could enhance the performance of agricultural production to achieve food security in the Maghreb states. Policymakers must improve the investment climate in North African countries to encourage investors to enter the agricultural sector.

Exchange Rate Dynamics and Agricultural Sector Performance Nexus: The Nigerian Experience

The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of exchange rate dynamics on agricultural sector performance in Nigeria. The study employed time series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, World Development Indicators and National Bureau of Statistics. Agricultural sector performance was disaggregated into the overall agricultural, crop, livestock and fishery output. Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) estimation techniques were used to establish the long run relationship among the variables, and the responsiveness of overall agricultural output, crop, livestock and fishery production to changes in exchange rate. It was revealed that long run relationship exists among the variables in all the estimated models. The result of the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) within the framework of the ARDL shows that exchange rate has significant impact on agricultural sector performance. The GARCH results revealed that the responsiveness of aggregate agricultural output, crop, livestock and fishery production to changes in exchange rate is negative and statistically significant. This study concludes that the government must consciously direct policy actions towards the agricultural sector to achieve its full potentials in order to place the Nigerian economy on the path of self- sufficiency in agricultural production. The study recommends that; the government should implement appropriate exchange rate policy that will ensure sufficient crop production for both domestic consumption and exports. The movement in the market determined exchange rate should be strictly monitored by the apex bank, in order to ensure that the deregulation in exchange rate is not counterproductive through distortionary prices on agricultural production.

Designing a Framework for Assessing Agripreneurship Action for the Green Scheme Irrigation Projects, Namibia

The main aim of this paper is to develop a framework aimed at assessing the agricultural entrepreneurship action for the Namibian Green Scheme Irrigation Projects (GSIP). The paper examine the factors affecting the entrepreneurship action of small-scale irrigation farmers (SSIF) at the Etunda GSIP. The paper used a quantitative research approach to yield descriptive and inferential statistics of the agricultural entrepreneurs’ perspective concerning their operations experiences at the GSIP. The study used Microsoft Office Excel 2019 analytical tool pack to analyse the data. The key findings revealed that all the SSIF operating at the Etunda GSIP are not only affected by individual factors but also by policy environment, finance, business support services, market environment, infrastructure as well as ecological factors. This paper addresses specifically one of the Namibian GSIP whereby it only adopted the perspective of SSIF. The study presents a framework that praises sectoral stakeholder connections that would help improve not only the GSIP performance but also the overall performance of the Namibian agricultural sector. The paper offers policymakers and practitioners a blueprint for developing entrepreneurship in an agricultural sector, especially around the Namibian GSIP.

Designing a Framework for Assessing Agripreneurship Action for the Green Scheme Irrigation Projects, Namibia

The main aim of this paper is to develop a framework aimed at assessing the agricultural entrepreneurship action for the Namibian Green Scheme Irrigation Projects (GSIP). The paper examine the factors affecting the entrepreneurship action of small-scale irrigation farmers (SSIF) at the Etunda GSIP. The paper used a quantitative research approach to yield descriptive and inferential statistics of the agricultural entrepreneurs’ perspective concerning their operations experiences at the GSIP. The study used Microsoft Office Excel 2019 analytical tool pack to analyse the data. The key findings revealed that all the SSIF operating at the Etunda GSIP are not only affected by individual factors but also by policy environment, finance, business support services, market environment, infrastructure as well as ecological factors. This paper addresses specifically one of the Namibian GSIP whereby it only adopted the perspective of SSIF. The study presents a framework that praises sectoral stakeholder connections that would help improve not only the GSIP performance but also the overall performance of the Namibian agricultural sector. The paper offers policymakers and practitioners a blueprint for developing entrepreneurship in an agricultural sector, especially around the Namibian GSIP.

Economic Transformation: How Does the Agricultural Sector Performance in Indonesia's Regional Economic Structure?

This study aims to analyze the performance of the agricultural sector on the structure of the regional economy in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data in the form of the 2016 Indonesian Inter-Regional Input-Output Table, classified for 52 sectors and 34 provinces. Contribution analysis in the IRIO approach is used to answer research objectives. The research results show that the agricultural sector in producing output, allocating input to other sectors, providing final demand, absorbing the output of other sectors, and forming primary input in each region in Indonesia has different contributions. These different contributions are adjusted to the resource potential of each region. In particular, the agricultural sector in North Maluku Province has a significant role in the economic structure of North Maluku. The North Maluku agricultural sector has a contribution in producing output, providing final demand, absorbing intermediate inputs, and forming primary inputs that are higher than the average contribution of other provinces in Indonesia.

Performance of agriculture sector in Uttar Pradesh, India: District level analysis

Performance of agriculture sector in Uttar Pradesh, India: District level analysis

What Affects Crop Production in Pakistan: The Role of Agriculture Employment, Machinery and Fertilizer Consumption

Labor abundant or under developing economies normally rely on their agriculture sector. The performance of agriculture sector depends on the production of cropping, livestock, fishery, and forestry sectors. The contribution of both cropping and livestock sectors in the agriculture production is almost 96.42 percent while the cropping sector contributes almost 33.85 percent during the fiscal year 20-2021 [Pakistan Economic Survey, 2020-2021]. The focus of this study is to investigate the factors which may influence the performance of crop production in Pakistan. For this purpose, bounds testing approach for the sample period from 1976 to 2022 is considered. The empirical results reveal that employment in agriculture sector, agriculture machinery, fertilizer consumption and urban population significantly boost the pace of crop production while the role of raw material imports is witnessed to be insignificant. The above reported results proposes that utilization of latest agriculture machinery, advanced fertilizers and high employability in agriculture sector may be encouraged to uplift the share of cropping sector in agriculture production in Pakistan.

Funding the Nigerian Agricultural Sector for Improved Performance: The Role of Migrant Workers’ Foreign Remittances Inflows

Although there is a plethora of empirical evidence on the impact of foreign remittances inflows on economic growth in Nigeria, there are few studies that investigated the impact of foreign remittances on agricultural sector performance in the country. This study therefore examined the impact of funding on the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria with emphasis on the role of foreign remittances inflows. Specifically, the study investigated the impact of foreign remittances inflows, government expenditure on agriculture, bank credit to agriculture, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund, and exchange rate on agricultural sector output performance in Nigeria. Exchange rate was used as a control variable. The Johansen co-integration test, Error Correction Mechanism (ECM), and Granger causality test were used to estimate the annual time-series data for the period of 1981 to 2021. The findings from the study revealed that foreign remittances inflows, government expenditure on agriculture, and loans guaranteed under the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSE) have significant positive impact on agricultural sector performance. On the other hand, bank credits to agriculture and exchange rate have insignificant negative impact on agricultural sector performance. Among other things, it is recommended that recipients of foreign remittances in Nigeria should be encouraged to invest more in the agricultural sector.

Public Expenditure and the Performance of the Agricultural Sector of the Nigerian Economy

The study focused on the investigation of the effect of public expenditure on the performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector. It covers a period from 1990 to 2023. The methodology applied is Autoregressive distributed lag and the data were sourced from both the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2023 edition and the World Bank Tables 2023 edition. The findings from the study revealed that there are positive and significant impacts of government expenditure, tax, and trade openness on agricultural production in the short run confirms the importance of well-targeted government investments and supportive policies in promoting agricultural development. However, the negative and significant effect of inflation on agricultural production underscores the need for effective inflation management strategies to maintain stability and protect the purchasing power of farmers and consumers. Policymakers should take into account these findings when formulating agricultural and macroeconomic policies to ensure sustained growth in the agricultural sector and overall economic development.

Credit Financing and Agricultural Development in Nigeria

This study investigates the short-run dynamics and long-run link between credit financing offered by Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) and agricultural development in Nigeria for a period of 1981 to 2020. A quantitative ex-post facto research design was employed to analyze bank credit impact on agricultural advancement at both aggregate and sub-sectoral agricultural production. The research strategy utilized allows the use of economic series obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2021) and World Bank Development Indicators (2021) to be analyzed by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique. From ARDL estimations, it is indicated that DMBs loans and advances have significantly negative short-run impacts on agricultural development in Nigeria at both aggregate and sub-sector levels. However, Bounds Testing analysis shows that the impacts of DMBs financing on Nigeria agriculture sector and labour employment in the sector become positively significant over a long period at aggregate level and for crop production only as a sub-sector. But the observed positive long-run impact of DMBs lending to agriculture was not significant for advancement of other sub-sectors (livestock, fishing and forestry). Hence, the study affirms that in the short run DMBs lending significantly slow down agricultural development in Nigeria but increases it significantly in the long run. The study recommends that there is need for agricultural policy makers and governments in Nigeria to develop appropriate specific agricultural financing mechanism that can aid performance of agricultural sector in the short-run and maintain long-run positive gains in the sector.