Agricultural Sector Of Economy Research Articles

Using of Agricultural Land in Astrakhan Region. Problems and Solutions

The article examines the regulation of land relations in the agricultural sector of economy, as well as state and municipal administration of agricultural land use in Astrakhan region. The paper also considers private land ownership, the state land use and the rental system of agricultural land use with the vicious practice of one-time consumption of soil fertility and post-rental degradation of agricultural lands, land rent as a regulation of the rational use of agricultural land and the formation of local budgets using land payments, and other land problems and the ways to solve them. “Words follow facts” (Ivan Petrovich Pavlov).

Investment Attractiveness of Agriculture in Ukraine: Factors and Prospects for the Future

The article considers the current state and prospects of the development of innovation processes in the agro-industrial complex in the context of globalisation and integration into the world economic space. The relevance is determined by the fact that agriculture in Ukraine needs innovative and investment changes that will become one of the priority factors in the post-war recovery of the industry. The purpose of the article is to analyse the current situation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, possible problems, and ways to increase investment activity. The most favourable and effective mechanisms for incorporating innovative activities into the agricultural sector of the economy are identified. The priority steps to transform the policy of agricultural production in the innovation sphere are formulated and substantiated. The main trends and possibilities of modern support for the development of innovation processes at all stages of product creation and sales are identified. The methodology includes primary research data and analysis of statistical data for 2017–2023. The basis for the further development of the agro-industrial complex and strengthening its competitiveness in the global food market should be a targeted state policy aimed at introducing innovative development models in the agricultural sector. Reforming the agricultural sector of Ukraine should be aimed at the organisational, technical and technological restructuring of agricultural production, creating the basis for dynamic, integrated, and development of enterprises, the industry, and the country. The article concludes that ensuring favourable conditions for the sustainable development of innovation in the agricultural sector should become a priority for the development of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex in the context of the country's integration into the global economic space. The main tool for achieving this goal is the development and implementation of optimal and effective mechanisms for restructuring economic and management processes in the agricultural sector of the national economy.

Regional aspect of the efficiency of lending to the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy

Ukrainian agriculture has shown resilience, adaptability, and production flexibility during the war. At the same time, the priority issues are the lack of financial resources for business operations, the restoration of damaged facilities and ensuring technological discipline. In this context, the issue of lending to agricultural enterprises is of great relevance. The purpose of this study was to improve and develop methodological tools for assessing the credit burden and efficiency of lending in agriculture by region of Ukraine. The study employed several methods of cognition: comparative analysis, tabular, graphical, statistical, computational-constructive, abstract-logical. In 2015-2022, lending to agricultural producers increased by 2.4 times (by 43.5% or UAH 35.9 billion in 2022 alone). The share of loans attracted is dominated by Kyiv Oblast (31%). The share of lending to the agricultural sector increased by 2.6 times (from 6.1% to 15.7%). Ukrainian agrarians are lent mainly in the national currency (76.4% of disbursed loans) and for terms up to one year (54.4%), with terms of 1 to 5 years (41.2%). In 2015-2021, the loan burden per business entity and per employee almost doubled. The highest lending efficiency was demonstrated by farms in Zakarpattia, Zhytomyr, Rivne, Luhansk, and Chernivtsi oblasts. During the first year of the full-scale war, the efficiency of lending in agriculture fell by 48% (from 8.63 to 4.49 thousand UAH). Agricultural enterprises need support from both the state and credit institutions. The practical significance of this study is determined by the improvement of tools for measuring the level of credit burden and assessing the effectiveness of lending in the agricultural sector of the economy by regions of Ukraine, which can be used by public and sectoral authorities in the regional practice of monitoring and intensifying the practice of state financial support for rural producers

FOOD PROBLEM OF THE EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE CAUSED BY THE WAR

The article deals with the scientifically substantiated analyses of the food problem of the eastern region of Ukraine based on its essential importance for the world problem of avoiding hunger. Taking into account the fact that the potential of external production exceeds the needs of the domestic market it is necessary to conduct a research of solving food problems when planning the development of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy..
 This article considers such analytical issues estimating that Ukraine has been among the top five exporters of grain and legume resources for many years. Ukraine is one of the main countries that contributes to the agricultural sector of the world economy. The activities of future specialists, when dealing with the food problem, depend on the content and nature of the knowledge that not only the coronavirus pandemic, but also armed conflicts in most of the specified countries and climate change, several years of drought contributed to problems with agricultural production in the region.
 The general provisions on analysis of various options for solving this problem are given and it is estimated that the analytical approach is the most optimal, since it allows you to build a diagram for comparing percentage of the most popular agricultural crops in the sown areas. It is advisable to consider the process of selecting most of the data that have been collected before the invasion. This research paper reveals the fact that much of the concern is related to shortages in the supply of staple crops such as wheat, corn and oilseeds, which could rise up prices. The invasion also led to higher prices for fuel and related fertilizers, leading to further food shortages and higher prices. The rise in wheat prices resulting from the conflict has become a problem for the countries, heavily dependent on Russian and Ukrainian wheat exports, and raised fears of social protest.
 The article analyzes economists’ views on the process of solving the food problems.It should be noted that these main issues will affect further world market prices and inflation will rise. Due to invasion, the US Department of Agriculture published a forecast for the export of grain products from Ukraine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published information on the growth of the grain price index. Practical recommendations are provided for solving the problems.
 The research has been developed to estimate that Ukraine is a leading country in the agricultural sector of the economy, which supplies food to the EU, Africa and India. Due to Russia's invasion into Ukrainian lands, many states may suffer from hunger and if the full-scale intervention into Ukraine is not stopped, then the world will face a food crisis.

Формирование инновационной модели аграрного сектора экономики России

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for the formation of an innovative model of the agricultural sector of the domestic economy. Innovative development as a mechanism for strategic modernization of agricultural industries at the present stage is a key factor in improving its socio-economic indicators, and innovations form the basis for ensuring the pace and quality of increasing the country's production potential and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products. Research methods. To reveal the purpose, the theoretical and methodological basis was the fundamental research of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of innovative development of the agricultural sector of Russia. In particular, the monographic method was used in the process of studying promising experience in the development of innovative infrastructure; analytical – for a systematic analysis of the current state of development of innovative infrastructure of agricultural enterprises; tabular-graphic – for visual presentation of research materials; comparison – to compare economic phenomena within different time periods in order to establish causal relationships. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, a methodological context for the formation of an innovative model based on the principles of sustainable development was developed, taking into account the importance of the agricultural sector as a system in which relations guaranteeing the country’s food security are implemented. Results. Strategic priorities and ideological guidelines are proposed for the implementation of the concept of permanence in the agricultural sector of the economy as part of solving the problem of innovatization of the industry with subsequent increase in its competitiveness. The study of trends and patterns of functioning of economic entities in the conditions of permanent changes in the external and internal environment shows that the development of economic systems in recent years is mainly associated with innovative activities that provide modernization, renewal, structural restructuring and, as a result, increasing the economic efficiency of the agrarian economy.

АГРАРЛЫҚ СЕКТОРДАҒЫ ИМПОРТТЫ АЛМАСТЫРУ ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫҢ АЗЫҚ-ТҤЛІК ҚАУІПСІЗДІГІН ҚАМТАМАСЫЗ ЕТУ ФАКОРЫ РЕТІНДЕ

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to ensure food security in Kazakhstan. The goal is to assess the dependence of the republic on food imports, as well as to justify government measures to stimulate import substitution in agricultural sector of economy: customs and tariff control, lending, direct budget support, procurement and commodity interventions, tax and price regulation. The following methods were used in the article: general logical, systematic approach, analysis of cause-and-effect relationships, comparison and grouping. Results – the authors analyzed in dynamics the growth rates of gross agricultural output and imported food products. In maintaining the population growth rate an average of 1.3% which was observed in 2016-2020, the forecast for production of basic food products by 2025 is calculated, taking into account rational consumption rates. The authors note that reduction of food import dependency at the expense of domestic products is a t ask of national importance. Conclusions – in order to achieve and maintain physical and economic availability of safe food products in volumes and assortment corr esponding to scientifically based physiological needs, it is necessary to pursue a policy of d iversification of economy, its restructuring, use preferential micro -lending. Ensuring the country's food independence can be achieved in two ways, the first is related to self -sufficiency in food, the second is to combine the use of potential of domestic food industry and import supplies. The sol ution of the problems of import substitution is possible by increasing the competitiveness of K azakhstani agricultural enterprises through the introduction of innovations and the use of r esource-saving technologies.

Caste-based Crime and Agriculture:Panel Data Evidence from the Indian States

This paper aims to empirically examine the relationship between the performance of the agricultural sector and the crime against the socially marginalised group in India. We exploit the state-wise variations in the relative size of the agricultural sector in the overall economy and the crimes against scheduled caste and scheduled tribe (SCST) communities by the upper caste group for our analysis. Using state-level panel data from 19 major states for 2001–2019 and employing panel data regression methodology, we find that improvement in the relative share of the agricultural sector in the economy leads to lesser crimes against the SCST community. Further, we also find that an increased share of SCSTs in the population and improved connectivity significantly affect such crimes. Therefore, our findings have important policy implications; improving the economic role of the agricultural sector should be one of the primary policy goals to support the marginalised population of this country.

Role of Platform Economy in Agricultural Sector in India

Role of Platform Economy in Agricultural Sector in India

Demographic indicators of reproduction of human potential of the agricultural sector

Subject. The article addresses the reproduction of human potential and transition to a human-oriented model of economic development. Objectives. The aim is to analyze demographic indicators of reproduction of human potential of the agricultural sector of economy. Methods. To coordinate demographic indicators, consider their interrelation and interdependence, I suggest using the indicative approach to their study. Results. The changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the reproduction of human potential. The choice of options for the reproduction of human potential of the agricultural sector is limited, and the "demographic" vector is fundamental. It is determined by quantitative indicators of reproduction of the population that forms the human potential of the industry. I performed an analysis of demographic indicators in dynamics and defined a set of measures for the reproduction of human potential of the agricultural sector. Conclusions. An integrated approach to the study of absolute and relative demographic indicators will enable managerial decisions on the reproduction of human potential in the industry. The considered indicators are a basis of human potential development program for the agricultural sector.

Circular economy in agricultural sector

The goal is to provide a conceptual framework for a gradual transition to a circular economy through the analysis of authoritative literature sources. Methods are based on the principles of system-structural analysis, scientific analysis and synthesis, and logical explanation and description of the problem are also presented. For various solutions, appropriate qualitative and quantitative research methods were used: analytical, synthetic, logical, etc. Outcomes – the ways to increase resource efficiency by minimizing the use of primary natural resources (e.g. water, electricity), reducing pollution by synthetic fertilizers, and maximizing the use of biomaterials (e.g. agricultural waste) and treated wastewater, thus contributing to a smooth transition to the closed cycle economy in agricultural industry are presented. Taking into account the importance of the circular economy, the importance of supporting this concept at the State level should be noted. Conclusions – the recycling of agricultural waste in the future will provide a number of benefits in economic, environmental and social aspects. The State should invest capital in the development of a circular economy, since in the long-term perspective the actual benefits of this transition will increase significantly. It is important to research not only the efficiency and functionality of the circular economy, but also to conduct the research and implement innovations that contribute to the functioning of this system.

Bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Kazakhstan: current state and problems

The goal is to determine the role of bank lending to agriculture, to analyze the sectoral structure of loan investments in real sector of economy, the volume of loans to agricultural sector, to clarify the reasons for the reluctance of banks to lend to AIC and to study the factors hindering the development of lending relations. In this regard, the objective was set to consider the state and identify problems of lending to agricultural entities by second-tier banks. The main problems of the availability of bank loans for agro-industrial enterprises are identified. Results – the current state of lending to agricultural production by commercial banks was analyzed, the main problems of the availability of bank loans were considered, and proposals on the effective financing of enterprises in agricultural sector of economy of Kazakhstan in modern economic conditions were developed. It is shown that the provision of agricultural enterprises with credit resources is determined by a number of features inherent in agriculture. Thus, the risky nature of agricultural activities is noted due to specific features and the lack of liquid collateral. The paper notes that banks are attracted to large businesses that are able to provide collateral and, accordingly, qualify for a large amount of lending funds. These factors, along with the financial condition, are decisive for creditor banks. Based on the analysis of bank lending to agricultural enterprises, it was concluded that the current system of lending to agricultural enterprises is not effective enough. The authors state that in order to ensure the availability of financial resources for agricultural producers, an optimal mechanism for the interaction between agricultural producers and commercial banks in lending procedure is necessary.

Статистический сценарий развития человеческого капитала в аграрной сфере Волгоградской области

The concept of human capital involves a extensive and comprehensive study of the labor resources of the agricultural sector of economy, the implementation of approaches to modeling the workforce, linking economic and social aspects in rural areas. Dynamic changes in the composition and structure of labor resources, the income of an individual employee, the subsistence minimum in the Volgograd region, as well as the impact of social infrastructure on the development of life in rural areas are presented. On the basis of a multiple regression model, a forecast of the number of agricultural labor force for the medium term in the conditions of the demographic crisis was obtained.

Risks of investing in the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy in the context of modernization of the industry

Investment is an important element in modernizing agriculture. However, the studied industry is characterized by features that lead to risky activities. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of investing in the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy and determine the degree of risks of this process in the context of modernization.
 Studies show that investment is a necessary part of modernizing the agricultural sector of the economy. The specifics of investment in the agricultural sector of the economy, primarily due to the characteristics of the industry, ie depends on a variety of climatic, social, economic, financial and other factors. A key component of the investment process is to identify effective sources of funding. The analysis shows that 90% of the total investment in agriculture in Ukraine is the own funds of enterprises and organizations. In second place - loans in the form of loans and other loans (8.6%). Investment resources of the state and local budgets are extremely low – 0, 3 and 0.1%, respectively. All risk factors of the industry can be divided into internal and external.
 Agriculture is an important sector of the economy, on the development of which depends the food security of the population. Economic analysis of the industry has shown the need for its modernization. One of the directions of modernization of agricultural production is the intensification of investment activity, which is at a low level of development due to the riskiness of the industry.

The Mechanisms of the State Agrarian Policy in the Field of Logistics of Bulgarian Agricultural Enterprises (1991–2007)

The article highlights the experience of Bulgaria in the field of public administration and regulation of logistical support of the agricultural sector of the economy under European integration conditions. The legislative bases of support of the national agricultural machine-building are analyzed with the aim of determining the factors of increasing the efficiency of agrarian production, depending on its logistical support in the conditions of European integration. The research methods. In the course of the study, extensive methodological tools were used, in particular, methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, unity of logical and historical approaches, comparative law, historical law and formal law. Main results. It has been found that in order to ensure high efficiency of agricultural production, a wide range of Bulgarian production equipment should be created. State support was provided by financing targeted programs aimed at improving the logistical base of the Bulgarian village. The state policy of promoting the development of innovative activity of agricultural producers are investigated. Practical meaning. The author’s proposals to improve the logistics and increase the efficiency of agricultural machinery use by agricultural producers can be used in the formation of national state support policy in the formation of the material base of the Ukrainian village. Originality. For the first time in the Ukrainian historiography the Bulgarian experience of logistical support of the agrarian producer in the conditions of European integration are investigated and generalized. For the first time in domestic historiography, the concept of state support of material and technical support of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy is studied and the issue of improving the material base of agriculture is presented. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the Bulgarian experience in organizing the system of state support for logistics and supply of the agricultural sector of the economy. The structure of logistical support of the Bulgarian village is revealed through the system of legislative acts and targeted programs. Conclusions. The regularities of state support of logistical support of agriculture are studied. It is substantiated that the logistics of agricultural production affects its efficiency and effectiveness. Type of article: research.

Экономическая природа развития антипарадигмальных явлений новой экономической политики государства в аграрном секторе экономики

Abstract. Despite the implementation of production activities in crisis situations, agricultural enterprises are increasing the production of agricultural products. The issues of the development of agricultural production and measures of state support for agricultural business are currently becoming particularly relevant. This article is devoted to the problems of current activities and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex in crisis situations. The purpose of our work is to study the causes of uneven development of agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership, to develop measures that contribute to the creation of favorable conditions in the agro-industrial complex for the production and sale of products. To achieve this goal, we have identified the following tasks: to identify contradictions that prevent an increase in agricultural production; to develop the main directions for the development of agribusiness. Methods. In assessing the development of modern economic policy, mathematical and statistical research methods were used, defining indicators were identified, and factors affecting the development of the agricultural economy in the field of recent changes were considered. Results. The authors considered the key areas of state support for agricultural producers, outlined the tasks of further development of the agro-industrial complex, identified the participants of interaction in the agricultural sector of the economy. Strategic measures of the new economic policy in the agricultural sector of the economy have been developed, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the production and sale of products of the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the implementation of the state plan and state order. The risks and threats that hinder the implementation of strategic measures are grouped. Food consumers interacting with producers in the public procurement system have been identified. The advantages of creating a center for supervision and control to verify the activities of economic entities in the agricultural sector of the economy are outlined. The authors have developed a model of the mechanism for implementing strategic measures of the new economic policy in the agricultural sector of the country's economy. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a model of the mechanism for the implementation of strategic measures of the new economic policy in the agricultural sector of the economy.

The main trends of digital economy in agricultural sector of Kazakhstan

The goal is to study the issues and prospects of digitalization in agricultural sector, aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the republic's economy, increasing labor productivity, management efficiency, intensive production in agro-industrial complex. Objectives – to study the aspects of this issue related to the implementation of the State policy of creating information and digital platforms to increase the competitiveness and export potential of agricultural production in the regions. The results of the study showed that despite the increase in agricultural production in 2018-2020, the dynamic processes of development of the industry are not significantly associated with the introduction of digital solutions, since the critical mass of the use of electronic, network technologies has not yet been formed. Examples of digital services used in Kazakhstan are presented. Recommendations on informing agricultural producers about the inclusion of this set of issues during the national census of population, necessary for the formation of an appropriate database in agricultural sector have been presented. Some aspects of participation of stakeholders in the formation of digital platforms and the concept of creating an information and communication ecosystem of agro-industrial complex of the republic are considered. Proposals on participation of local executive bodies in the implementation of digital technologies for management of the industry have been developed. Measures for the development of digital competencies of agricultural specialists are proposed. Conclusions – informatization of agricultural sector contributes to a significant reduction in production costs, ensures the rational use of the potential of natural resources.

Labor market trends in Akmola region of Kazakhstan

The purpose of the study is to examine main trends and phenomena on labor market in agriculture. In the process of studying this problem, it was revealed that most of the employed population of the region lives in rural areas. It has been determined that at present the rural labor market is characterized by decrease in the number of employed in agricultural sector of economy, deterioration in the quality parameters characterizing the use of labor, discrepancy between the level of competence of specialists and the demands of expanded reproduction and efficiency of labor resources, and growing imbalance in the demand and supply of qualified workers. It has been determined that in conditions of unemployment in rural areas, the increased shortage of professional personnel in the main mass specialties in agro-industrial production has been noted among residents. The analysis of the structure of the employed in Akmola region was done, which showed significant differences between employment in urban and rural areas. A negative trend is shown which is associated with increase in proportion of the population, whose age exceeds the working age, in the total population of the village. Comparative analysis of sectoral structure of rural employment showed a decrease in the share of people who are employed in agriculture. In the course of the study, the main reasons for the rural population flow to the city have been determined. The main factors contributing to the return of skilled workers to agricultural sector are indicated. Priority areas of labor supply for rural residents have been identified, the most important of which are the development of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, as well as self-employment in private households. A number of measures aimed to increase the effectiveness of functioning of labor market in rural areas are proposed.

Scheduling and forecasting trends in agricultural sector of economy in modern conditions: methodological approaches

The article presents scientific foundations for scheduling and forecasting methodology applicable to the agrarian sector of the economy. The purpose of the study was to summarize the experience of using the calculation and analytical tools for planning and forecasting in the development of main directions of the state agrarian policy in the context of a new economic reality and implementation of state programs. The practical relevance of the research lies in modern methodological approaches to the development and implementation of state programs for the development of agriculture, which were summarized in the article. Particular attention was paid to the design methods of program-target scheduling in the context of the Russian economic reality that open up new opportunities for certain priority areas of agricultural production.

Prospects for the development of leasing relations in the agro-industrial sector

The article is devoted to the conceptual analysis of the problems related with the development of contractual relations in the agricultural sector of the modern Russian economy, which has recently begun to show tendensis towards its intensive development. This fully applies to the development of contractual leasing relations as a way of making agricultural infrastructure more effective. The analysis of this direction in the field of legal regulation of leasing relations allowed us in this study to reveal and justify the scientific and theoretical concepts of the modern contractual process in agriculture and, accordingly, to determine the goals and objectives of the study. The aim of the work is to update the scientific and research interest in the problem of the development of leasing relations in the agricultural sector of the modern Russian economy. At the same time, the objectives of the study allowed the authors to specify the main directions of the state’s financial policy in the agricultural sector of the economy.

Scenario forecasting of the economic effects of agricultural modernization in digital economy

This paper studies the international models of digital development of the agricultural sector of economy and its structural elements used in the emerging models of innovative development of the Russian Federation. Various scenarios of forecasting of the economic effects of agricultural production development are presented. It allowed drawing a conclusion about the low level of compliance of digital economy with the necessary science-intensive indicator of gross domestic product, which requires radical government intervention and the reorganization of economy as a whole. It is possible to state that, first of all, it is necessary to create an appropriate theoretical knowledge base, using which it would be possible to carry out the process of training the necessary skills and competencies in the development of digital economy in Russian universities. International exchange of students and post graduate students is also extremely productive in terms of the development of new technologies. This is illustrated by the US agrarian statistical analysis in the field of modernization effects. Thus, the problem of scenario forecasting of the economic effects of agricultural modernization in digital economy is quite relevant and requires additional scientific research in this direction.