Processing Of Agricultural Products Research Articles

Transformation of the Agrifood System and Climate Change

Objective: Emissions from the agri-food system (AFS) account for between 21% and 37% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Concurrently, climate change has the potential to significantly impact the AFS production processes. The objective is to clarify the context that justifies the need for transformation and transition of the agri-food system, considering climate change as a prioritized challenge. Method: This study adopts a descriptive, bibliographical approach with a qualitative analysis. Content analysis of the literature review enabled examination of: a) the AFS's contribution to global emissions, and b) its susceptibility to climate change impacts. Results and Discussion: The agri-food chain has been notably responsible for emitting a substantial amount of greenhouse gases, particularly during land-use change and in pre- and post-production processes including manufacturing, transportation, refrigeration, food processing, packaging, and waste disposal. Additionally, the agri-food sector is among the most affected by climate change effects, notably due to increased occurrences of extreme events affecting agricultural production, harvesting, and other chain processes, thereby leading to rising prices and food scarcity. Research Implications: This paper highlights the importance of developing and expanding sustainable agri-food systems in response to the intensifying impacts of climate change and food insecurity. Originality/Value: The study aims to contribute to the discourse on the imperative for transformation and transition from the dominant agri-food system paradigm towards alternative production approaches that are more sustainable and resilient to environmental changes.

Organizational and economic transformations in the agro-industrial complex of the region as part of the implementation of the federal project

Relevance. The agro-industrial complex is one of the key sectors of the country's economy and includes such areas as: agriculture (livestock and crop production), processing of agricultural raw materials, production of fertilizers, chemicals, and feed. The agro-industrial complex works closely with enterprises involved in the transportation, storage, and processing of agricultural products, as a result, any changes in the agro-industrial complex affect the country's economy.The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the implementation of the federal project of the Russian Federation “Development of industries and technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex” (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Project) on structural changes in the agro-industrial complex.Objectives: consideration of the objectives of the Federal project, its financial support for 2022-2024, analysis and assessment of economic and statistical indicators, identification and consideration of current problems within the framework of the project.Methodology. The information base of the study consisted of official regulations, works of domestic researchers in the field of agriculture, collections of articles with collective authors, articles from magazines, statistical data, official websites of relevant departments and ministries.Results. There are many problems in the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex, but there are also many promising areas for its development. These prospects are determined primarily by state policy in the field of supporting agriculture, the goal of which is the development of Russian farmers and increasing their role in the domestic and foreign markets.Conclusions. A promising direction for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the revision of the entire financing system in order to provide business executives with funds for the purchase of mineral fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, materials, and high-quality feed in the volumes necessary for efficient production. Also requiring attention are such pressing issues as increasing wages for agricultural workers, which will attract young specialists to the village and, thereby, resolve the issue of shortage of qualified personnel.

Operational parameters optimization of convection air-drying with ultrasound pretreatment of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers by RSM

Drying is an important step in the postharvest processing of agricultural products, as it allows the product to be preserved by reducing water activity to safe values, which stops microorganism growth and enzymatic reactions. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess how various drying temperatures, combined with ultrasonic pretreatment, affect drying rates and essential oil production. Assays were conducted according to a Central Composite Rotational Design, considering two factors with the following intervals: duration of the ultrasonic bath from 0 to 40 min, drying air temperature from 40 to 70 °C. The optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and its constituents were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Histochemical analyses of fresh tubers were performed. The Midilli model was the one that best described the drying kinetics of Cyperus rotundus in all treatments. The drying time of C. rotundus tubers was dependent only on temperature (decreasing linear effect), it was possible to describe the variation in drying time as a function of temperature. It was not possible to adjust a model for ultrasonic bath time or drying temperature that would optimize both essential oil yield and the drying time of C. rotundus tubers. However, in this study, shorter drying times were observed compared to previous studies on C. rotundus tubers drying in the shade at room temperature. A total of 29 chemical constituents have been identified in the essential oil extracted from C. rotundus tubers, of which the majority are: 3,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde (19.23%); caryophyllene oxide (17.63%); and α-cyperone (9.54%). Histochemical analyses of C. rotundus tubers showed the presence of starch, phenolic compounds, and lipids.

CDR1, a DUF946 domain containing protein, positively regulates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by maintaining the stability of OPT3 protein

Industrial and agricultural production processes lead to the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in soil, resulting in crops absorb Cd from contaminated soil and then transfer it to human body through the food chain, posing a serious threat to human health. Thus, it is necessary to explore novel genes and mechanisms involved in regulating Cd tolerance and detoxification in plants. Here, we found that CDR1, a DUF946 domain containing protein, localizes to the plasma membrane and positively regulates Cd stress tolerance. The cdr1 mutants exhibited Cd sensitivity, accumulated excessive Cd in the seeds and roots, but decreased in leaves. However, CDR1-OE transgenic plants not only showed Cd tolerance but also significantly reduced Cd in seeds and roots. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated an interaction between CDR1 and OPT3. Cell free protein degradation and OPT3 protein level determination assays indicated that CDR1 could maintain the stability of OPT3 protein. Moreover, genetic phenotype analysis and Cd content determination showed that CDR1 regulates Cd stress tolerance and affect the distribution of Cd in plants by maintaining the stability of OPT3 protein. Our discoveries provide a key candidate gene for directional breeding to reduce Cd accumulation in edible seeds of crops.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ КАБАЧКОВ ПЕРЕД СУШКОЙ НА ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ГОТОВОГО ПРОДУКТА

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of various types of preliminary processing of zucchini before drying on the organoleptic properties of the finished product. The object of the study was fresh zucchini of the Kalazina F1 variety. The study was conducted at the Krasnodar Research Institute for Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution SKFNTSSVV. The organoleptic properties of the finished product were determined depending on the method of preliminary processing. During the organoleptic evaluation, it was found that the sample treated with a 1 % citric acid solution received the maximum overall score – 4.7 points. The lowest score was received by samples № 1 and № 2 (microwave 480 W for 120 s and 640 W for 60 s). Microwave pre-treatment in various parameters has a significant effect on the taste and the presence of an unpleasant aftertaste compared to other samples. Samples treated with a solution of citric acid in various dosages have a sour taste and prevent darkening of the product during drying. It has been established that various types of pre-treatment affect the quality of the dried product. It is worth noting the advantages of pre-treatment of zucchini with a 1 % solution of citric acid, which affects not only the extension of shelf life by reducing the moisture content of the product, but also the organoleptic properties. In addition, treatment with a 1 % solution of citric acid makes it possible to preserve the organoleptic properties of dried zucchini (prevents surface darkening), as well as reduce the moisture content of the product compared to the control sample.

Development Strategy for Seaweed Agroindustry on Household Scale in Mataram City

The research objectives are (1) Analyzing alternative strategies for developing agro-industry made from seaweed in Mataram City; and (2) Analyzing the strategic options that are prioritized in the development of seaweed agro-industry in Mataram City. The research method uses descriptive methods. Determining the research location was carried out using the Purposive Sampling technique. The main respondents in the research were seaweed agro-industry entrepreneurs. To strengthen data related to product quality and price instruments, data was added by interviewing buyers/consumers as additional respondents, so the assessment was more objective. Producer respondents were determined using the census method, while consumer respondents were determined using the Accidental Sampling method. The results of the research show (1) Alternative development strategies using SWOT, obtained by micro-businesses in quadrant Ⅲ (WO Strategy) include utilizing coaching for access to capital, modern technology, good packaging, expanding the market through social media, increasing the number of human resources, and promotions to overcome less strategic location. For small businesses in quadrant Ⅰ (SO Strategy) by utilizing experience and business permits to create employment opportunities, process agricultural products, promote quality products without preservatives, and use guidance from related agencies, (2) QSPM matrix analysis produces priority strategies for Micro business is expanding the market and promoting through social media to meet high product demand, while for small business it is increasing the added value of products with available raw materials and utilizing guidance from related agencies.

Microplastics in the agricultural soils: Pollution behavior and subsequent effects

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs), as a class of organic pollutants, pose numerous threats to soil. Their accumulation in agricultural soils has garnered significant attention due to the unknown impacts and risks they bring to agricultural production processes. This paper analyzes the source and distribution of MPs in farmland, systematically summarizes the accumulation, adsorption, migration, decomposition, and other pollution behaviors of MPs in farmland soil environment, in detail discusses the effects of microplastic (MP) pollution on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial communities, outlines the main hazards they pose to agricultural crops, animals, and farmland soil enzyme activities, as well as the potential health risks of MPs to humans. The results indicate that MPs have been widely distributed in the agricultural soil environment through physics, chemistry, and carriers' activities, facilitating the transfer of substances between the environment and endangering the health of the ecological environment. MPs can also transfer along the food chain from low to high nutritional levels, posing a potential threat to human food safety. Finally, the future research direction and content of farmland MPs are put forward, providing relevant information and research ideas for understanding the MP pollution in farmland soil and future research directions.

Perbedaan Metode Pengolahan Pascapanen dalam Memengaruhi Kadar Kafein Roasted Bean Kopi Robusta Argopuro

This study aims to determine the caffeine content of Argopuro Jember robusta coffee beans based on differences in post-harvest processing methods. The research was conducted at the Jember State Polytechnic Agricultural Products Processing (PHP) Laboratory and the Jember State University Integrated Testing Unit Laboratory in June-September 2022. The samples were robusta coffee logs originating from the Argopuro area of ​​Jember. The post-harvest coffee processing process is divided into four (4) methods, namely natural processing (dry process), semi-wet processing, wet (full wash process), and honey processing. Green beans from the results of each processing method are roasted at light, medium, and dark levels. The roasted bean caffeine content test from each post-harvest processing method at each roasting level was carried out descriptively (simple, without repetition). Overall, the caffeine content of the roasted beans produced in this study still meets the SNI 01-3542-2004 standard, a maximum of 2%. The caffeine content of Argopuro Jember robusta coffee roast beans at the light roast level ranges from 1.44-1.65%, 1.38-1.92% for medium roast, and 1.61-1.81% for dark roast. The highest caffeine content in roasted beans at each roasting level is 1.65% (dry process), 1.92% (full wash process), and 1.81% (full wash process), respectively. Meanwhile, roasted beans with the lowest caffeine content with a value of 1.38% are produced using the semi-wet process processing method at a medium roast level. The fluctuations in caffeine values ​​produced in this study indicate that post-harvest processing methods do not affect the caffeine content of roasted beans at light, medium, or dark roast levels.

Modern Agriculture Development Case in Gobleg Village Banjar Subdistrict Buleleng Regency, Bali Province

The challenges of Indonesia's agricultural development today are climate change and potential droughts. This research aims to analyze the modern agricultural development of the Gobleg Village Case of Banjar district of Buleleng. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Determination of informants using snowball sampling and data collection methods is done with in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis using interactive model analysis of Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The results of the research show the selection of commodities based on potential income, level of market demand, knowledge, land characteristics and socio-cultural characteristics. The agricultural production process ranges from land processing to post-harvest harvesting. Farmers have already implemented eco-friendly farming by implementing IoT-based fertigation. Institutional support consists of marketing, financing, technical guidance and social capital. The marketing of products is facilitated by the Gobleg PMK cooperation in cooperation with Bali Organic Subak, the marketing is done online with the Fresh Boss application. The cooperation provides facilitation of means of production with the payment system after harvest. In terms of social capital, farmers still exist doing gotong royong in land processing. Farmers are already able to leverage technology like smartphones that are integrated with IoT-based fertigation.

Modern Agriculture Development Case in Gobleg Village Banjar Subdistrict Buleleng Regency, Bali Province

The challenges of Indonesia's agricultural development today are climate change and potential droughts. This research aims to analyze the modern agricultural development of the Gobleg Village Case of Banjar district of Buleleng. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Determination of informants using snowball sampling and data collection methods is done with in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis using interactive model analysis of Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The results of the research show the selection of commodities based on potential income, level of market demand, knowledge, land characteristics and socio-cultural characteristics. The agricultural production process ranges from land processing to post-harvest harvesting. Farmers have already implemented eco-friendly farming by implementing IoT-based fertigation. Institutional support consists of marketing, financing, technical guidance and social capital. The marketing of products is facilitated by the Gobleg PMK cooperation in cooperation with Bali Organic Subak, the marketing is done online with the Fresh Boss application. The cooperation provides facilitation of means of production with the payment system after harvest. In terms of social capital, farmers still exist doing gotong royong in land processing. Farmers are already able to leverage technology like smartphones that are integrated with IoT-based fertigation.

Innovative development of the AIC: problems and strategies for their solution

Currently, there are many unresolved problems in agricultural sectors: low level of production and processing of agricultural products, presence of significant number of small-scale farms, financial instability of agricultural entities, insufficient rates of improvement of market infrastructure, which hinders innovative renewal of agricultural sector, and digitalization processes. The goal is to substantiate the strategy for technological modernization of the republic's AIC. The methods are based on scientific research by domestic and foreign scientists, data from the Bureau of National Statistics, Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforming of the RK, scientific institutions, and information from official sources. Results - issues of innovative transformation and use of digital platforms to achieve high efficiency of agro-industrial production and its structural transformations, overcoming challenges and risks that pose threat to the country's agro-industrial complex were studied. Methodological approaches to managing innovation processes are considered, main reasons hindering the achievement of high results in the republic’s agriculture and building its potential are shown: low technical equipment, inefficient use of natural resources, in particular land and water, lack of the necessary system for storage, transportation and sale of products, unattractiveness of this area for investment. Conclusions - analysis of world practice shows that in the context of transition to innovative path of development of agricultural sector, regulatory role of the state, designed to ensure technological progress, increases and becomes a key factor responsible for developing a strategy for creating mechanisms for its implementation and financial support, and formation of a new type of economy. The systematic nature of implementation of innovative projects in agribusiness will help increase the number of jobs and specialists with new competencies.

Performance measurement of organic tea supply chain with supply chain operation references (Case study of active tegal subur farmer group, Kulon Progo)

Tegal Subur Aktif Farmer Group is one of the organic tea producers located in Menoreh Hills, precisely in Nglinggo, Pagerharjo, Samigaluh, Kulon Progo. The efforts carried out by this farmer group include the procurement of tea ingredients, the provision of production facilities, the cultivation and maintenance of tea plants, the processing of agricultural products and trade in general. Processed organic tea products, such as green, black, yellow, and roasted, are produced. Farmer groups have uncertain orders that can only be fulfilled partially, which can still affect customer satisfaction. In total, there are 95.39% of uncertain orders that can be fulfilled in the period August 2021 – March 2022. This is related to production planning with actual production caused by uncertain or regular supply of raw materials. If the collection of raw material supply is still carried out, it causes cost losses in collecting raw materials. The Tegal Subur Aktif Farmer Group has never measured its supply chain performance. If measurement is not carried out, supply chain performance may develop slowly. This study aims to measure the organic tea supply chain's performance and determine which indicators need improvement. This research uses the Supply Chain Operation References (SCOR) and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. Based on the data processing carried out, by measuring supply chain performance with Supply Chain Operation References (SCOR) and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), the supply chain performance of the Active Tegal Subur Farmer Group can be improved.

Increasing the Knowledge of Women Farmer Through Household Counseling on Food Safety in Sumberejo Village, Magelang Regency

Food safety is the condition and effort needed to prevent food from three possible contaminations, namely: biological, chemical and other contamination that can disturb, harm and endanger human health. Sumberejo Village is a Partner of Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana. Sumberejo Village has potential resources in the form of vegetables. It is supported by climate and temperature conditions that are suitable for vegetable production. One of the superior commodities produced in Sumberejo Village is beetroot fruit. Processing agricultural products into processed food products is an effort to increase economic value when prices fall or during harvest time. Processing beet tubers into processed products such as cookies, beetroot tea bags, cakes are one way to reduce losses due to falling prices and increase the selling value of beet tubers. Knowledge and safe food processing practices are very necessary in food processing activities. Through food safety education activities, it is hoped that the women farming community in Sumberejo village will be able to process beet tubers in accordance with the concept of food safety. The aim of this Community Service activity is to provide knowledge and understanding of female farmers in Sumberejo Village regarding food safety and efforts to prevent contamination during food processing and producing food that is safe for consumption by the community. Based on the results of implementing safety education activities in Sumberejo Village, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in knowledge about food safety. It can be seen in the results of the questionnaire that knowledge about food safety is important because it concerns health

Agricultural Engineering Vocational School in Aceh Besar with Behavior Architecture Approach

Currently, Aceh Besar District has a PP Negeri Saree Vocational School in the agricultural section in Saree Aceh Besar, but this school only studies agricultural information. The condition of Aceh Besar District shows that their land use majority is used for agriculture, animal farming and husbandry, fisheries and paddy fields, farm, and other plantations. Abundant natural resources are not processed into a good business due to a shortage of human resources in the field of agricultural engineering. Therefore, it is necessary to include an Agricultural Engineering in those vocational school with aims to create human resources in the field of agricultural machinery and agribusiness. The object design location is on SIM Airport Street, Gani, Kec. Want Jaya, Aceh Besar. The classification of the Agricultural Engineering Vocational School includes the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Product Processing Agribusiness. The approach of behavior architecture into the design is behavior setting in completing spatial design, spatial cognition in completing circulation, and environment perception in completing image or building appearance. The analysis used is functional analysis, site analysis and user analysis. The Agricultural Engineering Vocational School in Aceh Besar is designed on an area of 14,950 m2 with multiple building masses. The ground coverage area (KDB) is 40% which is 5,980 m². The facilities in the building meant to support students in the learning process and as well as supporting facilities, those facilities are practice rooms, namely rice threshing machine engineering rooms, rice processing , rice polisher machine, hand tractor, technology for processing agricultural products, quality testing and quality control practice room.

Mechanisms of synthetic bacterial flora YJ-1 to enhance cucumber resistance under combined phthalate-disease stresses

Biotic and abiotic stresses have emerged as major constraints to agricultural production, causing irreversible adverse impacts on agricultural production systems and thus posing a threat to food security. In this study, a new strain of Bacillus subtilis DNYB-S1 was isolated from soil contaminated with Fusarium wilt. It was found that artificially synthetic flora (YJ-1) [Enterobacter sp. DNB-S2 and Rhodococcus pyridinovorans DNHP-S2, DNYB-S1] could effectively mitigate both biotic (Fusarium wilt) and abiotic (phthalates) sources of stresses, with the inhibition rate of YJ-1 resistant to wilt being 71.25% and synergistic degradation of 500 mg/L PAEs was 91.23%. The adaptive difference of YJ-1 was 0.59 and the ecological niche overlap value was −0.05 as determined by Lotka-Volterra modeling. These results indicate that YJ-1 has good ecological stability. The major degradation intermediates included 2-ethylhexyl benzoate (EHBA), phthalic acid (PA), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and butyl benzoate, suggesting that YJ-1 can provide a more efficient pathway for PAEs degradation. In addition, there was metabolic mutualism among the strains that will selectively utilize the provided carbon source (some metabolites of PAEs) for growth. The pot experiment showed that YJ-1 with cucumber reduced the incidence of cucumber wilt by 45.31%. YJ-1 could reduce the concentration of PAEs (DBP: DEHP = 1:1) in soil species from 30 mg/kg to 4.26 mg/kg within 35 d, with a degradation efficiency of 85.81%. Meanwhile, the concentration of PAEs in cucumber was reduced to 0.01 mg/kg, indicating that YJ-1 is directly involved in the degradation of soil PAEs and the enhancement of plant immunity. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective for the development of customized microbiomes for phytoremediation under combined biotic-abiotic stresses in agricultural production processes.

Strengthening of the soil base - preparation for the road surface of the existing enterprise

The issue of constructing new and restoring existing complexes for the storage and processing of agricultural products, as well as logistics complexes, holds significant importance in today's conditions as an integral component of ensuring the normal functioning of our economy. Historically, in Ukraine, when developing regulatory documents, the primary requirements were outlined for the design and construction of civil and industrial buildings and structures: residential and administrative buildings, industrial facilities, and objects of transport, energy, and critical infrastructure. These requirements are based on ensuring strength, reliability, durability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. For projects involving the construction of logistics complexes or agricultural facilities, the regulatory documents in Ukraine contain significantly fewer detailed instructions and requirements [1, 2]. Therefore, when implementing this class of projects, design solutions are often based on requirements outlined in construction regulatory documents from other countries, such as Eurocodes (EN) [10], British Standards (BS), or the standards of the United States (ASTM), where considerable experience has already been accumulated in the reliable operation of such facilities. The issue of requirements for the engineering preparation of territories for industrial or agricultural projects during the development of comprehensive building plans is not sufficiently covered in national regulatory documents that establish requirements for the calculation of building structures, road construction, or comprehensive territory planning – these documents are too general and lack the necessary detailed information or clear requirements for the application of reliable design solutions. As a result, there are often cases where deformations of the surrounding surface and access roads to these facilities significantly complicate and/or render their normal operation impossible. This article focuses on the study of soil preparation as the foundation for access roads for a group of buildings and structures in a grain storage complex: assessing the condition of the foundation during the operation of the complex; identifying the causes of significant deformations; selecting methods for strengthening and stabilizing the foundation; and geotechnical quality control of the performed foundation strengthening work.

Research on Predictive Control Method of Pigsty Environment Based on Fuzzy Control

At present, most of the environmental control systems of pigsties use direct control methods; when factors, such as temperature and humidity, exceed the set threshold value, the corresponding actuator is turned on for regulation. However, such methods have problems such as low control accuracy, high energy consumption, and untimeliness. In order to save on energy consumption and improve control accuracy, this paper takes the predicted value, set value, and current detection value of the internal environment of a pigsty as input, and combines fuzzy control and direct control methods to realize the predictive control of the pigsty environment. The test results show that, compared with the direct control method, the fuzzy predictive control method can make fluctuations in the internal temperature and humidity of the pigsty less close to the set threshold value, while the ammonia concentration hardly exceeds the set threshold value. The results show that predictive control can more accurately control the internal environment of the pigsty and reduce energy costs by about 20%. Therefore, this method can provide scientific and effective environmental control methods for agricultural production processes, such as livestock breeding and greenhouse cultivation, in semi-confined spaces.

Analysis of the Effective Application of Straw Returning to the Field Measures in Arable Land Fertility Protection

Straw return to the field is a fundamental measure for increasing fertilizer and yield in the agricultural production process, which plays a positive role in the protection of arable land fertility. It holds an irreplaceable and important position in the process of modernization and technological advancement of agriculture in the new era. Taking the effective application of straw return to the field in arable land fertility protection as the main line, this paper expounds the application value and path of straw return to the field technology methods, and puts forward relevant suggestions.

Research on Coupling Coordination of Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency and Food Security in Hebei Province, China

The delineation and measurement of carbon emissions in agricultural production systems constitute a complex issue involving multiple factors. Previous research in this area has been limited in terms of comprehensive carbon emission assessment throughout the agricultural production process and systematic measurement. This study focuses on both dynamic and static aspects, systematically analyzing the agricultural carbon emissions and emission efficiency in Hebei Province from 2000 to 2020. It comprehensively explores the influencing factors of carbon emissions and delves into the relationship between agricultural carbon emission efficiency and food security. The experimental results revealed the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the agricultural carbon emissions in Hebei Province exhibited a fluctuating downward trend, with a spatial distribution pattern where they were high in the south and low in the north. And the carbon emissions caused by chemical fertilizers and plowed land accounted for 42.6% of the total. (2) The efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions in the static dimension fluctuated at a rate of 0.0265, whereas the ML index fluctuated less in the dynamic dimension, and the agricultural industrial structure had the most significant impact. (3) The coupling coordination degree of food security and agricultural carbon emission efficiency increases with time, and “coordination” gradually dominates in spatial change. The conclusions of this study are of great significance in stabilizing grain production and achieving low-carbon production in the Hebei Province.

Оценка воздействия гербицида на основе глифосата на культурные однолетние растения и микробиоту почвы при его внесении на почву по результатам двух вегетационных опытов

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of herbicide and its metabolites on cultivated annual plants (dill, mustard, spinach, coriander) and soil microorganisms collected during two vegetation experiments on the same soil samples. The research was conducted in 2023 and 2024 on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Agrotechnology, Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products of the I.A. Bunin Yelets State University. Soil samples were collected earlier in 2023 in the marketing consumer cooperative «Timiryazevsky» of the Dolgorukovsky district of the Lipetsk region. Keywords: GLYPHOSATE, SOIL, CHERNOZEM, DILL, MUSTARD, SPINACH, CORIANDER, MICROORGANISMS