Agricultural Production Centers Research Articles

The effect of infrastructure development on increasing farmers’ income of main agricultural commodities in Serdang Bedagai Regency

Improving the quality and quantity of infrastructure leading to agricultural production centers will increase the economic activities of the community. The more stable infrastructure of agricultural centers will facilitate access to the location, more competitive prices, and more guaranteed quality so that it will increase agricultural production and productivity as well as the income and welfare of the community, especially farmers. The contribution of Serdang Bedagai’s agricultural and plantation sectors is so large that it is only natural that the priority of infrastructure development is the construction of roads and bridges to facilitate the mobility of agricultural products. This study was conducted to provide additional perspectives and references on the importance of infrastructure in improving the welfare and income of rice farmers in Serdang Bedagai regency. This study employs quantitative approaches. The investigation took place within Serdang Bedagai Regency, Sumatera Utara Province by distributing questionnaires to respondents, namely 96 farmers. Respondents were farmers representing 17 sub-districts. The findings indicated that infrastructure development positively and significantly influences the income of farmers producing the main commodities in the Serdang Bedagai area. Furthermore, it is shown that road conditions (X) have an impact of 47.4% on the income (Y) of major commodity farmers in the Serdang Bedagai regency.

Association of ?-lactoglobulin gene polymorphism with biochemical parameters of blood and qualitative composition of milk of Holstein cattle

The ?-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene, which is responsible for the biological value indicator that affects the ratio of protein fractions, the level composition and technological characteristics of milk presents of considerable interest for dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of our work was to identify the relationship with the polymorphism of the beta-lactoglobulin gene and the biochemical blood parameters and dairy productivity of Holstein cattle. This research was carried out in 2020-2021 on 148 Holstein cows in the Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. As an effect of the studies, it was shown that the animal herd is polymorphic in the ?-lactoglobulin gene. Population is represented by three genotypes: AA - 24.3, AB - 47.3 and BB - 28.4%. The frequency of occurrence of alleles A and B was 0.480 and 0.520, respectively. In group of animals with AB genotype of BLG gene in the blood serum was detected an increased content of indicators of protein metabolism (total protein, albumin, ALT) and the minimum level of urea. Cows whit BLG AB genotypes are characterized by an increased mass fraction fat and protein, MSNF (milk solids non-fat) and dry matter. This research was supported by FASO Russia project number: 122011800138-7.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CENTER AS AN OBJECT OF AGRICULTURAL OWNERSHIP

The National Agricultural Support Center manages the property belonging to the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury. A special component of this Resource are agricultural production centers, which constitute property and which can be developed by putting them into subsidiary possession on the basis of a lease agreement. Management of centers has special features due to the specificity of centers as well as management goals. These features affect the land ownership, delineating its specificity.

Identifying the environmental and anthropogenic causes, distribution, and intensity of human rhesus macaque conflict in Nepal

Reducing conflict between humans and wildlife is considered a top conservation priority. However, increasingly human-induced disturbances across natural landscapes have escalated encounters between humans and wildlife. In Nepal, forests have been destroyed, fragmented, and developed for human settlements, agricultural production, and urban centers for decades. As a result, human-wildlife conflict, in the form of crop-raiding, livestock predation, and injuries to humans and wildlife, is common throughout the country. In particular, crop-raiding by macaques is an increasingly common form of human-wildlife conflict. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have been identified as a top ten crop-raiding wildlife species in Nepal. In order to better understand the nationwide distribution and intensity of human-rhesus macaque conflict (HRMC), we conducted an extensive literature review of reported incidences of HRMC during the period 2000 to 2021 in Nepal. We also created an online survey to obtain nationwide data on the location and severity of HRMC, and modeled the set of ecological factors that affect habitat suitability for rhesus macaques. An ensemble of three different species distribution model (SDM) algorithms were used to analyze these data. We found that almost 44% of Nepal's land area contains suitable habitat for rhesus macaques, with less than 8% of all suitable habitat located in protected national parks. As humans continue to alter and fragment natural landscapes, HRMC in Nepal has intensified. At present, nearly 15% of the country's land area in which human settlements are permitted, is characterized by moderate or high rates of HRMC. We argue that prioritizing programs of forest restoration, strategic management plans designed to connect isolated forest fragments with high rhesus macaque population densities, creating government programs that compensate farmers for income lost due to crop-raiding, and educational outreach that informs local villagers of the importance of conservation and protecting biodiversity, offer the most effective solutions to reduce HRMC in Nepal.

The Optimal Location for The Development of Agricultural Production Center Area of Rembang Regency

Abstract. Disproportionate regional spatial growth can encourage regional disparities between villages and cities and problems for the sustainability of regional development. Rembang Regency has growth characteristics that are concentrated at several points in its urban area. This pattern of growth creates a problem of regional disparity. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to add new regional growth centers. These new regional growth centers are expected to evenly distribute spatial growth. The center of regional growth in accordance with the characteristics of Rembang Regency is the center of agricultural production. This study aims to determine the optimal location for the development of the agricultural production centers as the center of regional growth. Using a spatial approach with remote sensing images as the main data. The analytical technique used is spectral transformation and multicriteria. The results showed that the most optimal locations for the development of agricultural production centers were Sale District (2,634.01 ha), Gunem District (2,198.95 ha) and Kragan District (2,171.72 ha). Sulang District is also a potential location for the development of agricultural production centers because the total area of the optimal location covers 8 – 10% of the total area of Rembang Regency. The findings of the study on the optimal location for the development of agricultural production centers are recommended as a strategic area for regional development to function as a growth center for Rembang Regency as an effort to overcome disproportionate spatial growth.

Pesticide Use Knowledge, Attitude, Practices and Practices Associated Factors Among Floriculture Workers in Bahirdar City, North West, Ethiopia, 2020.

Pesticides are substances that are used to kill, decrease, or repel pests and are used extensively to boost agricultural production. Ethiopian floriculture is one of the pesticide-intensive agricultural production centers and it provides jobs for 1000s of Ethiopians. Despite its significant contribution to the national economy, many issues are raised by the workers. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and factors associated with the practices of workers against pesticide exposure among floriculture workers in Bahirdar city. A cross-sectional occupational study was done. The participants were recruited using a stratified sample technique. The final study participants were chosen using a simple random sampling procedure. The survey received 300 responses, 95.2% response rate from the entire sample size. The mean age of floriculture workers was 20 (SD ± 3.21) years, with a range of 17 to 48 years. The majority of workers (228) were females, and 36 (12.0%) of workers were illiterate. About 259 (86.3%) of floriculture workers did not know the name of the pesticide they were using. More than three-fourth 256 (85.3%) of respondents know at least one type of pesticide-related health problem. In this study, the most known type of pesticide routes of entry into the body were eyes (72.3%), skin (67.3%) followed by ingestion (67.0%). About 100 (33.3%) of the participants had good overall knowledge related to pesticide use and 134 (44.7%) of workers had a positive attitude on safe pesticide application. The level of good practice was 61.3% (N = 184). Knowing the impact of pesticide on environment (AOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30-0.96), Knowing pesticide health problems, (AOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63), willingness to wear and invest for PPE (AOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28-0.98) and PPE supply (AOR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.16-0.51) were significantly associated with workers pesticide handling practices. Workers who didn’t know pesticide health problems were 36% less likely to have a good practice. The likelihood of having good practices among works who disagree to wear and invest on PPE 53% lower than those who agree on it. The likelihood of having good practices among workers who didn’t have any PPE supply was lower than their counterparts with (AOR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.16-0.51). Floriculture workers had poor handling practices therefore continuous pesticide training programs for workers could be implemented.

Dairy productivity of holstein cattle with different genotypes of the kappa-casein gene (CSN3)

The purpose of research was to study the polymorphism of the CSN3 gene and its effect on milk yield, fat and protein mass fractions in milk, as well as on the lactation curve characteristics in the first lactation of Holstein cows. The experiment was carried out on the biological material of 146 cows of of Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of the Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in the laboratory of agrobiological research of Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture of FRC KazanSC of RAS. DNA diagnostics by PCR-RFLP method of the CSN3 gene testified that the livestock under study is genetically diverse. The herd contains animals of all genotypes: АA – 41,1%, АВ – 47,9%, ВВ – 11,0%. The frequency of occurrence for allele A was 0.651, for allele B – 0.349. The genetic equilibrium in the population is not disturbed, the chi-square criterion is below the critical value. The analysis of milk productivity indicators of cow-heifers with different genotypes of the CSN3 gene shows the superiority of animals with the AB genotype in milk yield per standard lactation (6908.5 kg), with the BB genotype in the content of the protein mass fraction (4.05%) and protein yield (267.8 kg). Individuals with the AA genotype are characterized by an increased mass fraction and milk fat yield (3.65% and 244.4 kg). Cows have different lactation curves depending on the genotype of the CSN3 gene.

Polymorphism of MBL1 gene in Holstein cattle of Republic of Tatarstan

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using genetic techniques to create more disease-resistant livestock herds. In such studies, the mannose-binding lectin 1 (MBL1) gene is one of the promising genes because of its important role in the immune system. The study was aimed at studying the polymorphism (p. 2569 T> C) of the MBL1-Hae III gene by PCR-RFLP in the Holstein cattle population of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the course of DNA diagnostics 1059 cows of Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin" of the Atninsky district were identified alleles C (0.637) and T (0.363), and genotypes CC (42.3%), TC (42.8%) and TT (14.9%). The variability between the observed and expected distribution of genotypes was 5.98. Chi-square testing found that the genetic balance in the study population was not disturbed. Analysis of the genetic structure of various populations and breeds of cattle demonstrates that, depending on the breed, the frequency of occurrence of one or another genotype changes. The results obtained in the study provide important information that can be used in future breeding and breeding programs using markers for groups of Holstein cattle resistant to diseases.

Regional drought risk assessment in the Central Highlands and the South of Vietnam

This study contributes to a proof-of-concept comprehensive drought risk assessment for Vietnam by (i) incorporating drought exposure and vulnerability based on specific socio-economic conditions of the regions; and (ii) using satellite data including World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM) products, and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Enhanced U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Global Data for drought hazard assessment. Drought risk assessment which incorporated hazard, exposure and vulnerability components was conducted for 27 provinces from four administrative areas in Vietnam. Drought Hazard Index (DHI) was derived using the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), the Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and surface soil moisture (SSM) to take into account the impact of both meteorological and agricultural drought. Drought Exposure Index (DEI) and Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) were calculated using statistical data of land use and socio-economic characteristics obtained from Vietnam’s statistical yearbooks. By combining DHI, DEI and DVI, a composite Drought Risk Index (DRI) was derived for drought risk assessment in the selected provinces for 2020. It was shown that the highest at-risk provinces were in the Mekong River Delta, the agricultural production centre of Vietnam. The South East regions were less impacted by drought compared to other regions. The proposed comprehensive approach to drought risk assessment in Vietnam has potential to contribute to improving drought preparedness and resilience of communities at-risk.

Association of LEP gene polymorphism with biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism and milk productivity of Holstein cattle

The aim of the work was to study serum biochemical parameters and qualitative composition of milk of cows with various genotypes of the LEP gene. The research was conducted in 148 Holstein cow-heifers of Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of the Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Cattle genotyping was conducted by the AC-PCR method at the laboratory of the Department of Agrobiological Research of Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture of FRC KazanSC of RAS. The findings of allele and genotype calling of the LEP gene showed that the population under study is polymorphic and differs in genetic biodiversity. The study of serum biochemical parameters of experimental animals testified that the level of triglycerides, cholesterol and lipase is meaningfully lower in the blood of animals with the TT genotype. This indicates the rate of lipid metabolism in their body. During the analysis of milk productivity and parameters of the qualitative composition of milk, it was found that cow-heifers with the TT genotype of the LEP gene were superior to animals with other LEP gene genotypes in terms of milk yield for standard lactation (305 days), fat mass fraction, milk fat yield, milk fat and milk protein yield in total. Thus, it may be concluded that the TT genotype of the LEP gene has a positive effect on the economically important characters of cattle, which can be used in breeding in the future.

Dairy productivity of Holstein cattle with different genotypes of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene

The aim of the work was to study the traits of dairy productivity of Holstein heifers with different genotypes of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene. The research was conducted in 148 animals of Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Genotyping of cattle was carried out by the PCR-RFLP method at the laboratory of the Department of Agrobiological Research of Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. The results of allele and genotype calling of the PON1 gene showed that the study population is polymorphic and differs in genetic biodiversity. During the analysis of daity productivity, qualitative composition of milk and lactational activity, it was found that cow-heifers with the GG genotype of the PON1 gene were superior to animals with other genotypes in all the test parameters. Thus, it follows that the GG genotype of the PON1 gene has a positive effect on the economic characters of cattle, which can be used in breeding in the future.

ВОСПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА ГОЛШТИНСКОГО СКОТА С РАЗНЫМИ ГЕНОТИПАМИ ГЕНА ГЛУТАТИОНПЕРОКСИДАЗА-1 (GPX-1)

The aim of the work was to study the reproductive ability of the Holstein heifers with dif-ferent genotypes of glutationpiroxidase-1 gene (GPX-1). The study was conducted on 148 animals of the Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky dis-trict of the Republic of Tatarstan. The frequency of occurrence was as follows: C – 0.503 and T – 0.497 for alleles; CC – 20.3 %, TC – 60.1 %, TT – 19.6 % for genotypes. There were statistically significant differences between groups with GPX-1 TT genotypes and GPX-1 CC genotypes for all compared traits. Cows whit GPX-1 TT genotypes are characterized by a calf yield of 86.8 animals, having the reproductive capacity coefficient – 0.96 % and Dohi index – 56.1. Thus, the heifers of the Holstein breed, with TT genotype at the GPX-1 gene locus, are the desired type of animals for reproductive ability.

Analysis of efficiency of reproduction of cows and heifers of Kalmyk breed in meat farms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The article provides data on the reproduction of cows and heifers in three farms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), specializing in meat cattle breeding: Integrated agricultural production centre "Soloosun" (Megino-Kangalas district), LLC "Konezavod Berte" (Khangalas district) and Integrated agricultural production centre "Krestyah” (Suntar district). The material for research is the reporting data of farms for 2014-2019. The experience of reproduction of the herd of meat direction was summarized, dynamics of insole and calving was studied. By results of calculation of KIVSK according to N.M. Kramarenko, a high rate of a uterine livestock was in LLC "Konezavod Berte" (108.9%), a good indicator by the index of fertility in herds of the meat cattle in Integrated agricultural production centre "Krestyah” (51.2) and Integrated agricultural production centre “Soloosun” (51.0). High coefficient of reproducibility of mother stock was in LLC "Konezavod Berte" (1.09).

Characteristics of dairy productivity of Holstein heifers depending on their genetic potential

The study presents the results obtained in DNA testing of allelic polymorphism by PCR-RFLP based methods for the leptin and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase genes and the interaction of their complex genotypes on the milk productivity indicators of Holstein heifers of Tatarstan population. The study was carried out among 471 Holstein cow-heifers by Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2016–2018. All complex LEP/SCD1 genotypes were identified through the study. The maximum frequency was observed in the combination of heterozygous genotypes LEPTCSCD1TC 149 animals (31.5 %). Milk productivity test, based on the complex genotypes LEP and SCD1, showed that a significantly high level of productivity for 305 days of lactation was 7314.4 kg, and in heifers with a complex genotype LEPTTSCD1CC was minimal (6337.4 kg) in comparison with indicators of milk yield of heifers with other complex genotypes. According to the content of the mass fraction of fat, reliably the best indicators were established in a subpopulation of animals with a complex TT/TC genotype 3.87 %. The content of the mass fraction of protein was maximal for animals with a complex CC/CC genotype.

Associations of the SCD1 gene SNP with fatty acids composition of Holstein cows

The research presents the findings of DNA testing of allelic polymorphism by the PCR-RFLP method of the SCD1 gene and the relationship of genotypes with the milk fatty acid composition of Holstein cows of Tatarstan population. The research was conducted among 172 Holstein cows at the Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” in Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017–2018. All genotypes of the SCD1 gene were identified through the research. The milk yield test showed that the maximum content of the mass fraction of fat was in animals with the TT genotype. The significant difference between the content of the mass fraction of fat in milk in individuals by the locus of the SCD1-Fsp4H I gene was: TT to CC – 0.32 % (p < 0.05) and TT to TC – 0.40 % (p < 0.01). The results of chromatography indicate the balance of the milk fatty acid composition of cows with the TT genotype and, as a consequence, its positive effect on the human body. Cows with a homozygous TT genotype are characterized by the optimum ratio of fatty acids in milk fat. The maximum value of the oxygen desaturation index is also observed in animals with the TT genotype by the SCD1 gene.

Genetic parameters of milk productivity for three lactations of Holstein cattle with different genotypes of LEP gene

The research presents the findings of DNA testing of allelic polymorphism by the AC-PCR method of the LEP gene. The research was conducted among 172 Holstein cows at Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” in Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017–2018. All genotypes of the LEP gene were identified through the research. Associations of the leptin gene polymorphism with dynamics of milk production during three lactations of Holstein cows were established. The best indicators for all three lactations were found in a group of animals with the TT genotype of the LEP gene. These individuals are characterized by increased milk yield, a high yield index, and tend to increase the average daily milk yield during three lactations. These individuals are characterized by increased milk yield, a high milk yield index, and tend to increase the average daily milk yield during three lactations.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ КОРОВ-ПЕРВОТЕЛОК С РАЗНЫМИ ГЕНОТИПАМИ СОМАТОТРОПИНА (GH)

. Polymorphisms of genes may be useful as genetic markers for additional selection criteria in dairy cattle breeding for economically advantageous traits. The presented study is dedicated to the influence of gene polymorphism, responsible for milk quality and milk productivity was carried out among Holstein cow-heifers in Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. DNA samples were isolated from blood samples of 130 cows for genotyping according to gene of growth hormone (GH) by PCR-RFLP analysis method. The genotypes distribution of the somatotropin gene were as follows: LL – 63.8% (83 animals), LV – 30.0% (39 animals), VV – 6.2% (8 animals), the distribution in frequency of occurrence of alleles L - 0.788 and V - 0.212. When considering the gene polymorphism association with the signs of milk production and the qualitative composition of milk showed prominent results cow-heifers with a LL genotype. The identified relationships indicate the possible genetic improvement of the investigated herds using marker-assisted selection.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENANGANI HARGA CABAI MERAH KERITING (capsicum annum L) (Studi Kasus Tinjauan Kebijakan Pemerintah pada Harga Cabai Merah keriting) di Sentra Produksi Kecamatan Cikajang dan Pasar Induk Kramat Jati Jakarta

Price is a major factor, therefore, that the policy of raising agricultural output through price incentives to succeed, the government must know exactly how the response of supply / supply in the agricultural sector to price changes. The response will vary according to the type of commodity even among the farmers in the category of the same plant, depending on the purpose of the farmers do farming and economic conditions. The amount of supply response is also very informative for policy makers in evaluating policy -pembuat made in the field pertanian.Penelitian descriptively based on data from the Provincial Agriculture Office, 2015 West Java, Central Market Analysis of Agricultural Products Production Centers Cikajang Garutdan District Information Center Market Commodity Price Kramat Jati Jakarta. Policy directives coming horticultural commodities focused on chili, red onion and orange. Although the production of chili western Java had a surplus in terms of supply nationally, but the price of red chilli curls in particular always fluctuates, so if there is a price increase indicated a shortage of supply or shortage of production, so that the planting area three commodities were directed not at the park area, but the area outside the area and planting and planted not in the rainy season, but farmers are directed to plant in the dry season. The policy comprises: the pattern of production, regional development, institutional strengthening farmers, build supply chain and minimize supply chain, new technologies to increase production, the development of the field school, land registration and certification of products.

Investigation of soil salinity to distinguish boundary line between saline and agricultural lands in Bonab Plain, southeast Urmia Lake, Iran

Gradual drying of Urmia Lake has left vast saline areas all around it, increasing the risk of salinization of agricultural lands next to the Lake. The current research was aimed to predict soil salinity and distinguish the boundary line between saline and agricultural lands by taking in to account the spatial variability of soil salinity in Bonab Plain, Iran. To do so, soil samples were taken from depth 0-25 cm in 78 points with spatial intervals of 500 m and were analyzed for their electrical conductivity in saturated paste extractions. Data analysis showed that soil salinity mean wasn’t stationary and was varying among dataset. Therefore to build up a variogram, the spatial components of the mean trend were computed and subtracted from laboratory measured ECe values, which resulted in residuals. The semivariogram function was then calculated and modelled based on the residuals. Cross-validation results showed that kriging method along with modified semi-variogram, resulted in better predictions of soil salinity with ME and MSE equal to 0.12 and 0.3. Setting 4 dSm-1 as the limit between saline and non-saline soils in kriging algorithms resulted in a sharp boundary line between saline and non-saline lands in the study area. The presence of highly saline soils next to the agricultural lands in the area can increase the risk of secondary salinization of the Bonab Plain which is one of the important agricultural production centers in the area. Therefore, careful monitoring of lands near salinity boundary in the area should be of high priority. Key Words : Bonab Plain, Kriging, variogram, soil salinity, spatial prediction, Urmia Lake.

Spatial distribution of the exchangeable base ratios in the soils of the R.U.T. irrigation district

One of the more important agricultural production centers in Colombia is the R.U.T. Irrigation District, located in the Valle de Cauca. This study evaluated the spatial distribution of ratios of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, along with the percentage of saturation of these bases in the cation exchange capacity. 100 samples were taken at two depths to determine the EC, pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+. The interpolations were made using the Geostatistical Analyst extension of ArcGis 10.3.1. The best fit semivariogram model was used, obtaining a raster surface with values of each chemical property, with which the plans were generated. The central area of the (La Union) irrigation district was more affected, with percentages of exchangeable magnesium between 40% and 75%, an inverted Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio, and a low calcium saturation percentage. The ratios were high for Mg2+/K+, normal for K+/Mg2+, high for Ca2+/K+, and broad for (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/K+, indicating a probable potassium deficiency that affected fertility. An ionic imbalance in the exchange complex was evident in the main bases of change, which may indicate degradation processes for fertility.