Agricultural Production Centers Research Articles

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Tarsus, hosted various civilizations through history, has been one of the most important agricultural production centers in Anatolia with its fertile lands. Although modernization of agriculture diminished the need for labor force after the Industrial Revolution; effective policies to support villagers for living in rural areas couldn't be developed, since agricultural sector gradually lost its importance. This situation which started in the Ottoman period and continued during Republican period; particularly after 1950, caused agricultural production in Tarsus and its surrounding got complicated as in many other production areas. As a result, the vast majority of the villagers in rural areas have migrated to urban centers. Thus, life in rural areas was disappeared while traditional rural architecture which is reflecting the local identity of the region began to be abandoned. In all the villages where life continues in spite of these difficulties, rural architecture models, which represents traditional lifestyle, has began to disappear rapidly with the interventions for modern necessitates, as any policies for safeguarding rural tissue and traditional architecture were not developed. The results of these above-mentioned processes are determined also in this research which focuses on rural architecture in Tarsus. In the fast-growing coastal and lowland villages of Tarsus, any rural architecture example was not observed, while in the mountain villages, it is possible to see rural architecture with authentic characteristics, even though they are very few in number. The aim of this research is to define the architectural characteristics and current situation of this small number of houses which have original features in Tarsus's rural. In this context, after a literature review on the rural history of the region, field survey was conducted in three mountain villages - Ulas, Kale and Ihsaniye - which have rich history and continuing traditional daily life. Three traditional houses in Ulas and Kale villages and four traditional houses in Ihsaniye village were surveyed to investigate architectural features and daily life. In the conclusion, common features of the surveyed buildings and current situation of the changing rural life were discussed.

Non-Agricultural Activities and Potential Sustainability of Farms in Romania

This paper aims to present a series of fundamental and applied aspects on farms inRomania, generally describes customizing and multifunctional farms (with diversified, bothagricultural and non-agricultural activities) and their role in the transformation process of subsistencefarms in profitable farms, with commercial activity. Issues related to multifunctional farms and theneed to diversify economic activities in order to obtain alternative income and use local agriculturaland food products in areas such as catering, tourism, rural tourism, etc., was and is extensivelydiscussed and analyzed as in these conditions creates the potential local and regional sustainabledevelopment and increase local value added. Agricultural holdings (farms) is the main link of theRomanian and European agricultural structures, a double role in the countryside, the agriculturalproduction centers and residential areas (habitat) for the family farmer. In developing this work weremade many theoretical approaches, technique - using a set of methods, techniques, tools, bibliographicstudies on defining terms and concepts, and to describe phenomena, etc. - and scientific (processingand interpretation of data, developing hypotheses and conclusions, arguments and factual nature study,etc.). In terms of level of study of economic processes and phenomena - social, in this paper reporteddata and analysis are found mainly at the micro level, the farm. Have recognized that sustainabledevelopment Romanian farms cannot be ensured only by agriculture. In this respect, the holdings canbe developed, promoted and marketed a range of complementary non-agricultural activities, relatedand / or adjacent to agriculture, lucrative complementary holdings.

The Future of Supply Chain and Logistics Management in the Strategic Organizations: Contractor Companies and New Generation Suppliers

The global competition oriented-enterprises, sea, land and rail route enterprises of the nations, strategic agricultural and industrial production centers, energy production and distribution enterprises as well as the strategic public organizations such as armed forces and law enforcement agencies will tend toward advanced professionalized outsourcing applications. The production cost competition will be replaced by the supply-chain cost competition. As it is, it is within the claim that the new generation suppliers turn the logistic sector of the operational ability and expertise needed labor force into an out-and-out area of employment. On the other hand, the organizations based on the information and communication network in America and in Far Asia, day by day tend toward using performance-based logistics and 3rd party logistic applications. In logistics, the affordability of the augmentation of human sources and supplier demand with skilled labor make it already necessary to deal the supply-chain and logistics management in a strategic dimension. In this study, a set of determination and proposals about the supply-chain in the strategic organizations and logistics management activity requirements are presented.

Has the Conversion of Natural Wetlands to Agricultural Land Increased the Incidence and Severity of Damaging Freezes in South Florida?

On several occasions, winter freezes have wrought severe destruction on Florida agriculture. A series of devastating freezes around the turn of the twentieth century, and again during the 1980s, were related to anomalies in the large-scale flow of the ocean–atmosphere system. During the twentieth century, substantial areas of wetlands in south Florida were drained and converted to agricultural land for winter fresh vegetable and sugarcane production. During this time, much of the citrus industry also was relocated to those areas to escape the risk of freeze farther to the north. The purpose of this paper is to present a modeling study designed to investigate whether the conversion of the wetlands to agriculture itself could have resulted in or exacerbated the severity of recent freezes in those agricultural areas of south Florida. For three recent freeze events, a pair of simulations was undertaken with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. One member of each pair employed land surface properties that represent pre-1900s (near natural) land cover, whereas the other member of each pair employed data that represent near-current land-use patterns as derived from analysis of Landsat data valid for 1992/93. These two different land cover datasets capture well the conversion of wetlands to agriculture in south Florida during the twentieth century. Use of current land surface properties resulted in colder simulated minimum temperatures and temperatures that remained below freezing for a longer period at locations of key agricultural production centers in south Florida that were once natural wetlands. Examination of time series of the surface energy budget from one of the cases reveals that when natural land cover is used, a persistent moisture flux from the underlying wetlands during the nighttime hours served to prevent the development of below-freezing temperatures at those same locations. When the model results were subjected to an important sensitivity factor, the depth of standing water in the wetlands, the outcome remained consistent. These results provide another example of the potential for humans to perturb the climate system in ways that can have severe socioeconomic consequences by altering the land surface alone.

Making an Impression

The twofold redistribution model of staple and wealth finance, developed by D' Altroy and Earle (1985) , has recently been applied to the archaeological record of the Late Cypriot Bronze Age (Keswani 1993). This paper examines an agricultural production and storage centre of the 13th century BC at Analiondas Palioklichia within this framework. It appears to have been a support village established on the igneous-sedimentary interface to mobilize and distribute grain to the mining communities of the interior. The role of such villages in the political economy of the island, and the operational mechanisms employed by local elites within a possibly tithe- or tribute-based system of regional administration and exchange, are examined.

The Kasserine Archaeological Survey. 1987 [Institut national d'archéologie et d'art de Tunisie- University of Virginia, USA

In 1987 fieldwork was continued in Sector 1, approximately 17 kms south of Kasserine (ancient Cillium). A total of eighty-nine sites dating primarily to the first through sixt c. was recorded. These included settlements, tombs and cemeteries, and field and irrigation systems. Particularly noteworthy among the finds were the large agricultural production centers KS 223 and 225. These appear to have formed the center(s) of a large domain, subdivided into a series of smaller, probably tenant-run, parcels specializing in olive cultivation. As such, the organization of land and agricultural production in and around these sites bears strong similarities to the domain of Flavius Geminius Catullinus recorded in the Albertini Tablets. Analysis of the presses at both sites suggests that oil production in bumper years was in the range of 40-80,000 liters, a figure which, if accurate, indicates that oil production at large estates in the African hinterland may have exceeded both local market and imperial tax demands.