Maintenance Of Agricultural Machinery Research Articles

Instrumental diagnosis of cognitive impairment in workers engaged in the maintenance of agricultural machinery

Workers engaged in the maintenance of agricultural machinery are exposed to a number of production factors in the course of their work, which can be considered as risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment. The purpose of the work: to diagnose cognitive disorders using informative instrumental methods of examination of mental functions, such as cognitive evoked potentials P 300, ultrasound duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries in combination with the determination of the atherogenicity index. In order to diagnose the stages of cognitive impairment early, optimal quantitative and qualitative signs in combination with professional experience and age have been determined. Each feature was evaluated in points, which are further summarized. The stages of cognitive impairment are determined by the sum of the points.

Safety of agricultural machinery and tractor maintenance planning with fuzzy logic and MCDM for agricultural productivity

Productivity is one of the most important measures used to determine the growth and development level of countries or sectors. A wide variety of projects have been planned and implemented to increase agricultural productivity. The productivity to be obtained in agriculture; Soil conditions, climate, seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, labor and agricultural mechanization directly affect it. Agricultural mechanization is the realization of agricultural activities by using energy together with agricultural tools and machines. Agricultural mechanization; It is an important agricultural production technology that helps increase agricultural productivity. Due to the inadequate maintenance planning of agricultural machinery, agricultural machinery cannot be utilized at the desired level in agricultural production. Most agricultural equipment is subject to frequent changes in speed and direction of movement while operating. Damage that can be seen on a single machine; It also causes other machines to malfunction. During the year, especially in the months when agricultural activity is high, excessive working tempo can cause tractors to malfunction. The breakdown of tractors causes disruptions in agricultural activities. In addition, the breakdown of tractors increases the repair costs. Since there is no tractor maintenance planning, farmers face interruptions in agricultural activities due to tractor malfunction. However, tractor malfunctions may cause cost and economic losses. For these reasons, there is a need for appropriate maintenance planning of agricultural machinery in order to continue agricultural activities without disruption. Maintenance planning; It consists of a set of preventive activities to improve the reliability and availability of any system. The main purpose of this study is to determine and rank the importance level weights of the criteria that are important for agricultural machinery maintenance planning using the fuzzy AHP method. Fuzzy AHP method, which provides ease of application, was preferred in determining the Criterion Weights. The research proposes a framework to determine the weights of appropriate criteria for care planning selection through a combined approach of fuzzy multi-criteria decision making involving relevant stakeholders. On the basis of the prioritization of criteria of tractor maintenance planning (TMP), it was found from the ranking that checking for all fluid levels (TMP1) ranked first. This respectively is followed by checking for general conditions (TMP4), checking for tires and wheels (TMP2) and checking for batteries (TMP3). With the results of the study, a guide was created for farmers and other stakeholders, as well as decision makers, to help plan the maintenance of machines in better working conditions. It is also thought that this study will be encouraging for other studies.

Исследование возможности использования методов аддитивной технологии при ремонте деталей сельскохозяйственной техники

Currently, maintaining agricultural machinery in a constant working condition is an urgent task. Studies carried out to study the state of the problem in the conditions of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan have shown that the lack of centralized repair and restoration bases and production facilities has a negative impact on the quality organization of agricultural machinery. Because of this, it is impossible to carry out repair and restoration work in a timely and high-quality manner, as well as technical maintenance of agricultural machinery and equipment. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use АM technologies in the repair and manufacture of parts of agricultural machinery and machines. To this end, the existing methods of additive technology were investigated. An experimental study was conducted on the manufacture of a «shaft-gear» part using a Stratasys F170 3D printer in the laboratory of the Department of «Technological Machines and Equipment» of the Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University named after S. Seifullin. The results showed that the time of 3D printing directly depends not only on the size of the model, but also on the density and shape of the filling, as well as on the thickness of the printing layer. It was found that an increase in the thickness of the layer has a twofold effect on the 3D printing process - it has a positive effect on reducing the printing time, but it has a negative effect on the rigidity of the printed sample.

Пути совершенствования технологий технического обслуживания сельскохозяйственной техники

This article discusses ways to improve the technology of maintenance of agricultural machinery. The variants of increasing the efficiency of the use of agricultural machinery by improving agricultural technologies, in which diagnostics, forecasting and maintenance of various mechanisms play an essential role, are proposed. Keywords: MAINTENANCE, TECHNICAL CONDITION, FORECASTING, INNOVATION, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS

Study of the strategy for agricultural machinery maintenance in China based on the improved genetic-bee colony algorithm

Study of the strategy for agricultural machinery maintenance in China based on the improved genetic-bee colony algorithm

Maintenance Skill Training Gives Agricultural Socialized Service Providers More Advantages

Agricultural machinery maintenance skill training is conducive to improving the fault diagnosis and maintenance levels of agricultural machinery for agricultural socialized service providers and plays an important role in providing stable and reliable agricultural machinery operation services. This paper aims to study whether maintenance skill training gives agricultural socialized service providers more advantages than untrained providers, exploring the relationship between maintenance skill training and agricultural machinery service area. Based on a survey of 4905 farmers from 10 provinces in China, an empirical analysis was carried out using a fixed effect model and a propensity score matching method. The results showed the following: First, maintenance skill training had a significant positive impact on agricultural machinery operation service area, including 10.426 ha of machinery tilling service area and 8.524 ha of machinery harvesting service area. Second, since maintenance skill training gave agricultural socialized service providers more advantages in agricultural machinery operation services and enabled them to obtain more orders, it had an indirect positive impact on the quantity of demand for large- and middle-sized agricultural machinery.

THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION IN EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS

Currently, in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, there is a need to update the list of regulatory documents required for certification and maintenance of agricultural machinery in operation, including the disposal of decommissioned agricultural machinery. The development of a standard for the utilization of grain and forage harvesters is an urgent task. (Research purpose) The research purpose is describing the provisions of the standard for the disposal of combine harvesters and assessing the effectiveness of its implementation. (Materials and methods) Used the methodology of developing standards at the interstate level. It was noted that the specifics of this work consists in passing a public discussion and examination of the draft standard by specialists of the engineering service and interested organizations and enterprises of the Russian Federation and the member states of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Have taken into account in the draft standard the basic provisions of the Directives of the European Union: 2000/53/EC «On vehicles decommissioned»; 2005/64/EC «On the approval of the type of vehicles with regard to reuse, recycling and regeneration of energy and amendments to Directive 70/156/EC». (Results and discussion) We have prepared a draft standard that meets the conditions of the current state of the combine harvester fleet and the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex, and sent it for discussion. (Conclusions) The introduction of a modern standard for the disposal of combines updates the list of regulatory documents required for the disposal of agricultural machinery, will contribute to the technical progress of the domestic agro-industrial complex, stable receipt of secondary resources in the form of usable and restored parts, metal (black, non-ferrous), polymers, rubber, glass. The implementation of the requirements of the standard will allow you to correctly build recycling processes, increase the efficiency of the fleet of agricultural machinery.

Технология цифровых двойников в сельском хозяйстве: перспективы применения

The technology of digital twins (DT) is still insufficiently widespread in agriculture. The introduction of an adequate digital twin model will reduce costs in the development, implementation and maintenance of agricultural machinery. The main problem in the development of digital twins in agriculture is the high need for resources: from the stage of designing a laboratory prototype to pilot and field testing of agricultural object prototypes. To reduce the cost of resources in the production of samples from an idea to a series and their further use throughout the entire service life, the authors proposed a technology of a virtual test site for testing digital samples of agricultural machines (equipment/parts). Digital twins used in agriculture are developed taking into account the exchange of information between the digital twin and the physical object. Thus, the adequacy of the digital twin is ensured in the real-time mode of changing its parameters. This feature helps achieve maximum correspondence of the physical object of the digital copy. Using the generated big data and artificial intelligence, it is possible to develop systems that, depending on changes in the parameters of a physical and digital object, automatically change the functioning parameters of units / parts / machines to reach their greatest efficiency. Using the example of a livestock farm and robotic milking, the authors consider possible ways of using the DT technology. The article proposes the introduction of a method of interaction between a digital twin and a physical object in laboratory and field tests. The developed technology of digital twins projects a digital shadow and ensures a two-way connection between the digital center and the physical object being tested. The presented concept of the virtual test site is promising for conducting virtual tests of agricultural machines, products, technologies, and systems.

Innovative Management of Biomass Cost Value Based on Accounting and Analysis of Production Costs of Agricultural Activities

The newest directions for evaluating the ecological and economic behaviour of agricultural enterprises involve the full use of by products, such as biomass. The main items of biomass costing (for the example of baled corn) are identified: the cost of corn waste in the field, the cost of twine for forming bales, the cost of fuel and lubricants, wages and social contributions, the cost of operation and depreciation of agricultural machinery, and other production and logistics costs. Based on the study of the structure of production costs that form the cost of biomass, it was found that the main share is made up of labour costs. With the purpose of complex optimization of the operating costs of agricultural activities, the necessity of introducing an innovative biomass cost management system based on automated accounting and analysis with the use of global positioning technologies, aerial monitoring with the help of drones, and the Internet of Things has been proven. The use of technologies for collecting and processing accounting information on agricultural activities for the formation of information arrays on the planned volume of harvested crops, salaries of operating personnel, fuel and lubricants, equipment depreciation and the need for routine maintenance of agricultural machinery, as well as additional operating and transportation costs, has been proposed. An innovative analytical model has been developed to study the impact of agricultural conditions (harvest volume, average wage of a production worker, distance from fields to storage or processing facilities, level of logistics organization, quality of agricultural products, level of use of the latest agricultural technologies and agricultural machinery) on production costs, which is the basis for operational and predictive innovative management of biomass costs. The innovation of the model lies in the use of linguistic variables, i.e., factors that are not quantifiable but can be economically evaluated. For the practical implementation of an innovative biomass cost management system, the use of the information scheme, which includes all the information components, on the basis of which managers develop and offer the best management solutions to minimize the cost of biomass, has been proposed. The need to reflect accounting and analytical information on the cost of biomass in integrated reporting (sustainability reporting) to inform internal and external stakeholders about the formation and use of alternative energy sources determines the prospects for further research in this area.

Engineering Structure Strategy for Agricultural Machinery Utilization System

The creation of a resourcesaving environmentally-oriented system for agricultural machinery (AM) disposal provides for the formation of an engineering structure for the collection and processing of recyclable machines. The engineering structure of this type of activity should consist of existing repair and maintenance enterprises and service centers involved in the maintenance of AM, as well as newly created specialized enterprises for its deep utilization.

Harvester Maintenance Resource Scheduling Optimization, Based on the Combine Harvester Operation and Maintenance Platform

The combine harvester is the main machine for fieldwork during the harvest season. When the harvester fails and cannot continue to work, this indirectly affects the harvest time and the yield in the field. The emergency maintenance service of agricultural machinery can be optimized through the dynamic planning of harvester maintenance tasks, using the operation and maintenance platform. According to the scene, a priority scheme for the operation and maintenance tasks, based on the improved Q-learning algorithm, was proposed. The continuous approximation capability of the model was improved by using the BP neural network algorithm and the Q function value, in iterations, was updated continuously. At the same time, the improved TOPSIS method, based on Mahalanobis distance, was used to calculate the closeness of each harvester maintenance task, so as to determine the priority of the equipment maintenance tasks. An operation and maintenance service platform for combine harvesters was developed based on the B/S architecture, with the goal of minimizing the operation and maintenance costs and improving the tasks’ complete efficiency. In this research process, dynamic scheduling rules were formulated. Operation and maintenance resources were optimized and rationally allocated through dynamic optimization scheduling methods, and feasible solution information was generated from the operation and maintenance service platform. Finally, the actual data from the enterprise were used for verification and analysis. The verification showed the following: through a comparison of algorithm performance, it was seen that the improved BP-Q-Learning algorithm can quickly find the operation and maintenance scheduling scheme in the maintenance scheduling; the priority rules can improve the efficiency of task execution, to a certain extent; the cost of the tasks’ execution can be significantly reduced; and the maintenance distance can be shortened. This research has reference significance for the formulation and optimization of agricultural machinery maintenance for cross-regional operations.

A multi-objective dynamic covering location problem for hierarchical agricultural machinery maintenance facilities

It is essential to design a product service system with the adequate location of maintenance facilities for guaranteeing the fast and dependable response to failures of extremely busy agricultural machinery during harvest time. This paper aims to optimize where to locate/relocate two hierarchical levels of facilities respectively composed of maintenance stations and mobile service fleets over multiple periods of a harvest season to support the safe and stable operation of agricultural machinery. We formulate a multi-objective dynamic covering location problem for these hierarchical facilities that seeks to maximize the total demand covered within some response radii while minimizing the modification to facility locations between the periods. The augmented ɛ-constraint method based on lexicographic optimization is then developed to obtain a set of non-inferior solutions that allow us to evaluate the trade-off between multiple decision objectives. Lastly, a real-life problem is handled to illustrate the effectiveness of our multi-objective decision model and solution method. Computational results recommend the optimal decision of facility locations for implementation, examine the sensitivity analysis of selected parameters, and compare the solution obtained from the proposed model with the period-specific solutions that take no account of the changing locations of facilities between the periods.

JQCZAG. RESOURCE-SAVING SYSTEM OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF MACHINES

The article presents the results of research on the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery, as well as strategies for maintaining it in working condition. The system of technical support and repair of machinery in agriculture is maximally focused on the strategy of performing repair and maintenance actions with periodic or continuous monitoring. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibility of using a new resource-saving tolerance system for machine parts in the existing maintenance and repair system. (Materials and methods) The assessment of the technical condition of individual units and (or) tractor systems with the use of built-in and portable devices and the determination of their residual life make it possible to predict a repair time and prepare the workplace, spare parts, replacement units, aggregates in a timely manner. The technical and economic condition of the agro-industrial complex is mainly determined by two factors: providing agricultural producers with a regulatory need for agricultural machinery, its reliable maintenance and repair using modern technologies, including the use of a system for assessing the operational properties of the main indicators of machine reliability. (Results and discussion) The article presents the issues of import substitution of repair and technological equipment during the repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery. Authors have developed promising directions for the strategy for the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. The repair technologies and reliability indicators of agricultural machines were described. (Conclusions) As a result of the conducted research, the article presents the methods of improving the system of technical service of agricultural machinery, recommendations for their improvement and modernization. We have developed a maintenance and repair strategy based on minimizing the residual life of machine parts.

SHHBSN. A STANDARD FOR TRACTOR RECYCLING

In the agro-industrial complex of Russia there is a need to update the list of standard documents for certification and maintenance of agricultural machinery, including the disposal of decommissioned agricultural machinery. Development of GOST "Agricultural and forestry tractors. Disposal. The procedure. Technical conditions" has become relevant, since there is no unified legal framework in the field of equipment recycling (Research purpose) The research purpose is define the main directions of the standard for tractor recycling and analyze the proposals of the member states of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States. (Materials and methods) The methodology of developing standards at the interstate level was used. The specifics of this work consists in a public discussion of the draft standard by specialists of the engineering service and interested organizations and enterprises of the Russian Federation and members of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as in a detailed analysis of the feedback received. (Results and discussion) The recommendations and proposals received from interested organizations were carefully studied. Authors have prepared a draft standard that meets the conditions of the current state of the machine and tractor fleet and the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and sent it for voting and adoption to Rosstandart. (Conclusions) The introduction of a modern standard for the disposal of tractors updates the list of regulatory documents required for the disposal of tractors, contributes to the technical progress of the domestic agro-industrial complex, increases the renewal speed of the tractor fleet in the agro-industrial complex, provides secondary resources in the form of usable, restored parts, metal (black, non-ferrous), polymers, rubber, glass. The implementation of the requirements of the standard will allow you to correctly build recycling processes and increase the efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet.

NEW STANDARD FOR REPAIR SPECIFICATIONS OF COMBINE HARVESTERS

Currently, there is a need to update the list of regulatory documents required for certification and maintenance of agricultural machinery in operation. Development of GOST "Self-propelled combine harvesters and their assembly units. Putting into repair and release from repair. Technical conditions" became expedient because the recommendations for the organization and maintenance of the machinery and tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex ceased to fully meet modern requirements (Research purpose) The research purpose is outlining the main provisions of the standard for the technical conditions for the repair of combine harvesters (Materials and methods) There was used the methodology for the development and harmonization of interstate standards. The specifics of this work consists in passing a public discussion of the draft standard and examination by specialists of the engineering service and interested organizations and enterprises of the Russian Federation and the member states of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as in a detailed analysis of the proposals received. (Results and discussion) The article presents the recommendations and proposals received from interested organizations; The article describes a draft standard that meets the conditions of the current state of the machine and tractor fleet and engineering service, that was sent to Rosstandart for approval. (Conclusions) The implementation of the requirements of the standard, which for the first time unified the types, basic rules and technical requirements for the procedure of putting into repair and release from repair of combines, will improve the quality of repair, reliability and inter-repair resource of the machine and tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex. The harmonization of standards for modern methods of organization and techniques of maintenance of agricultural machinery updates the list of regulatory documents required for certification and maintenance of combine harvesters. Keywords: maintenance, combine harvesters, standard, project discussion, safety requirements.

Reliability and maintenance of agricultural machinery by MCDM approach

Reliability and maintenance of agricultural machinery by MCDM approach

Optimizing dynamic facility location-allocation for agricultural machinery maintenance using Benders decomposition

This paper focuses on optimizing a dynamic facility location-allocation problem with respect to a real-life agricultural machinery maintenance service network that is designed to achieve the prompt and reliable response to malfunctioning agricultural machinery during harvest. We consider a busy farming season divided into several time periods in which the problem is to determine where to locate temporary maintenance stations (TMSs) as well as identifying how many capacitated service-providing facilities to allocate to each TMS to satisfy maintenance demands. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer program (MIP) that seeks to minimize the total service mileage between TMSs and demand points. Additionally, considering that the service flow from a TMS to a demand point in this type of work takes place between potential district locations rather than discrete vertices, we use regional contiguity constraints to enforce agricultural production areas served by a TMS as geographically connected. To solve our MIP problem, an exact algorithm based on Benders decomposition is then developed along with several refinements. Lastly, our model and methodology are illustrated in the handling of a real-world problem in China. Computational results are presented that analyze the optimized facility location-allocation plan, examine the impact of selected parameters, demonstrate the advantage of implementing the contiguity constraints and discuss the performance of solution algorithm.

Feasibility and efficiency of agricultural machinery maintenance

The greatest impact on machine uptime and performance is the timely and high-quality maintenance. The main contradiction is inherent in the system of maintenance and use of machines, in the coincidence of the timing of their performance: the more time is spent, the more maintenance operations need to be performed. As a result, during busy periods of fieldwork, to ensure high operating time, to the detriment of prevention, the mechanic has to virtually eliminate only the consequences of failures, which leads to their increase, machine productivity is reduced and operating costs increase. With the current trend of having more than one machine per operator, the operator is physically unable to perform all types of maintenance and repair work alone. Therefore, it would be advisable to transfer some of these works to specialized enterprises. The problem of increasing the reliability of tractors can also be solved by deeper specialization and intensification of maintenance operations during their transfer to nonstressed periods of fieldwork. In the work the structure of formation of technical service at the enterprises of agroindustrial complex is proposed and theoretically grounded. The main advantages of the proposed system of technical service are considered.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СЕРВИСА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ

Recently, many agricultural organizations have been renewing their fleet of agricultural machinery to increase productivity, replacing old equipment with new ones. The operation of new equipment requires an appropriate level of training of tractor drivers and engineers. Information support and appropriate simulators make it possible to solve this problem for the agro-industrial and economic complexes of the country. Information support consists in the timely issuance of reliable information at different stages during the maintenance of agricultural machinery. This direction is relevant, little studied and requires comprehensive theoretical and practical study. The following persons are involved in the process of visual inspection: the PPO manager, the machine operator responsible for the machine or the chief engineer. The process of visual inspection begins in the driver's cab, regardless of the type of self-propelled equipment. During the visual inspection of the equipment, the movement of the PPO manager is carried out counterclockwise, accompanied by the person responsible for the machine. During the visual inspection process, the PPO manager inspects a limited list of part names. Visual inspection involves assessing the condition of parts without the use of profile tools and disassembly of machine systems. Due to the fact that maintenance is performed in this way, time is saved, and the quality of operations will be at a sufficiently high level. To organize maintenance in augmented reality glasses for each item of equipment, if necessary, a separate application is created for the convenience of the machine operator in working with the interface. The developed system helps the machine operator, engineering engineer, as well as the service department, using an interactive application, to quickly find information about the correct connection of electrical equipment, the necessary tire pressure for certain types of work, follow the established sequence and tightening torque of nuts, wheel fastenings and other operations.

Resource of removal expenses for strong agricultural period of volume of operations

In the article the analysis of existing agricultural machines in a healthy state, followed by work on the maintenance system subject to the conditions of reforming of the agrarian sector. Under maintenance refers to the complex of works on maintenance of working capacity or serviceability of the products during use by adjusting, knowledgeable, filling and retaining work. For the assessment of the alternatives it is advisable to conduct morphological analysis of the entire set of possible solutions to the research problem presented in a morphological matrix, which presents the basic functions of the machine and options the subject of the forms of their implementation. Theoretical research has provided the answer to two fundamental questions – how to change maintenance system depending on the level of development of agricultural production, and what parameters must have the system maintenance service to perform the appropriate intervention with the minimum technologically necessary costs of resources and investment. Assessment of the level of maintenance of agricultural machinery is provided to carry on the totality of organizational and technical factors, formalized through parts and complex indicators, in two phases. The first evaluation of using of the indicators for each factor separately. Second – assessment of a complex indicator (for all factors).