Agricultural Landowners Research Articles

Peculiarities of Land Reform and Introduction of the Land Market in Ukraine: Legal Security and Consequences

During the years of Ukraine's independence, the issue of land reform and the opening of the market for agricultural land was on the agenda of the legislative and executive branches of government. According to the Constitution of Ukraine, land is the most valuable wealth and property of the Ukrainian people. Land reform is not the first attempt by the authorities to change land relations in Ukraine, but it was to resolve the controversial issues of Ukrainian land. The implementation of land reform provided not only the introduction of effective mechanisms of land tenure and land use, but also the development of a modern land market on the basis of a market economy. Land reform has been hampered by corruption, a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land, and the desire of some politicians to speculate on the issue. Therefore, the moratorium in Ukraine was introduced as a temporary tool to protect landowners in the underdeveloped infrastructure of the land market. The adopted Law of Ukraine in 2020 removes the moratorium and gives the right to owners of agricultural land to dispose of their land at their own discretion. In the future, the opening of the land market should be a significant change in the life of Ukrainian society. However, the villagers face a number of unresolved issues that need to be clarified. Parliament and the government are expected to adopt and implement new land laws, such as decentralization of land management, the state e-auction, and the establishment of an independent Partial Lending Fund to increase smallholder access to flexible financing.

Conservation plans and soil and water conservation practice use: Evidence from Iowa

Conservation planning is the primary tool the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) uses to help farmers manage and protect the nation’s soil, water, air, plant, animal, energy, and human natural resources on privately owned lands. While research studies have investigated a multitude of factors that could possibly influence farmer adoption of conservation practices, no recent research exists examining the relationship between having an NRCS conservation plan and the likelihood of applying conservation practices on the ground. This is surprising given that conservation planning is considered to be the foundation for USDA’s technical and financial assistance to agricultural landowners, and recently both the updated NRCS Strategic Plan and the National Conservation Planning Partnership emphasized the need to enhance and expand conservation planning. In this study we analyzed data from 792 respondents of the 2015 and 2016 collection periods of a panel survey of Iowa farmers to examine the relationship between having an NRCS conservation plan and farmers’ implementation of 10 soil and water conservation practices in four categories: (1) soil health, (2) nitrogen (N) management, (3) structural practices, and (4) cropland converted to perennial crops. The results indicate that farmers who reported having an NRCS conservation plan are significantly more likely to have implemented two conservation practices: no-till and terraces. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the number of times a farmer visited a USDA Service Center for conservation and the likelihood they implemented 5 of the 10 selected practices, particularly in the soil health and structural practice categories. These results suggest that it is not the plan itself, but rather the sustained interaction with natural resource professionals, that makes a difference in the use of conservation practices. Implications of the study results for NRCS conservation planning moving forward in the future are discussed.

К вопросу о проведении инвентаризации защитных лесных насаждений на землях сельскохозяйственного назначения (на примере Ростовской области)

Проанализированы результаты инвентаризации защитных лесных насаждений, предусматривающей сбор и систематизацию сведений об их площадях, местоположении, породном и возрастном составе, состоянии, таксационных и мелиоративных показателях, правовом статусе. Приведены апробированные рекомендации для проведения инвентаризации агролесомелиоративных насаждений в отдельных субъектах Российской Федерации. The article summarizes the experience of inventory of protective forest stands on agricultural land in the Rostov region. The need to take into account the agroforestry fund is determined by the law of the Russian Federation “About land reclamation”. The customers of the works are the owners of agricultural land. The main part of the article describes the content of the inventory stages. Preparatory work consists of collecting and analyzing reference and archival materials. The composition and equipment of forest inventory parties are given. At the field stage, an agroforestry survey is carried out on field-protective, culvert, off-shore, horticultural forest belts and near-farm plantations. Their area, construction, species composition, age, forest inventory performance and safety are determined. Forest management measures are assigned to improve the condition and reclamation efficiency of plantings: thinning, uprooting, reconstruction. In the course of desk work, an inventory report is issued. It is established that in the Rostov region the area of plantings used by agricultural organizations is 224,190 ha, leased 8,316 ha, owned 5,887 ha, on reserve lands 1,505 ha, in the district land redistribution fund 314 ha. Shelter and near-shore forest belts prevail: 52 % and 16 % of the total planted area. Protective forest cover of arable land is 2,6 %. The need for additional shelter forest belts is 116 thousand hectares. The main species of agroforestry are robinia, green ash, squat elm and petiolate oak aged 40–70 years. Recommended uprooting of plantings on an area of 4,670 ha, thinning of 219,220 ha, reconstruction of 6,032 ha. An example of the layout of protective forest stands on agricultural land is given. The article notes the prospects of using remote methods for assessing protective forest stands, offers suggestions for legal regulation of agroforestry, accounting for protective forest stands, and provides developed scientific and practical recommendations for conducting a one-time inventory of protective forest stands on agricultural land.

Radical housing and socially-engaged art: Reflections from a tenement town in Delhi’s extensive urbanisation

The relegation of workers’ housing to grey spaces or planned illegalities has ensured the availability of a permanently temporary migrant workforce to fuel the extensive urbanisation shaping around cities like Delhi. These grey spaces emerge as tenement towns in place of former agrarian villages, run and developed by agricultural landowners turned tenement entrepreneurs that exploit labour migrants as permanently temporary tenants. The challenges posed by the invisibilisation of such relations manifested sharply under the COVID-19 pandemic. A radical feminist politics has been emerging at the interstices as a counter against such violent dispossession employing creative narratives and ways of protest. This paper discusses the need for approaches that transcend research-activism boundaries while engaging with particularly marginalised communities. It discusses the potentials presented by socially engaged art in empowering radical politics through reflections from a long-term art-based inquiry conducted with women migrants in Kapashera, a tenement town located around Delhi.

Real-Time Agriculture Yield Monitor System (AYMS) Using Deep Feedforward (DFF) Neural Network

Agriculture stands as the backbone of our Nation, by Contributing 7% of the total Indian Economy. The drivers of agriculture are facing a huge problem in predicting the yield in different varieties of soil. Currently, the use of sophisticated technologies in the field of agriculture is underdeveloped when compared to other sectors over the past few decades. Self-mortality rates of farmers considerably increasing from the past four-five years. This is mainly due to the debt overhead usually caused by low yield. Crops yield decline considerably due to unpredictable weather, environmental changes, and diseases. This can say that agricultural landowners fear to use new technologies and tend to follow the age-old tradition of farming. The sphere of computing with its rigorous learning capabilities is inevitable to find a novel solution for agriculture-related issues. In this paper, this issue is addressed and have come up with an improvised idea to help farmers get a better yield for their crops. Deep learning has been used to predict the yield. This technology is made handy for every farmer to learn and use it effectively via a simple IoT device installed in their fields and a smartphone application. This improvised system has been named as Agriculture Yield Monitor System (AYMS). This has proved to be more efficient and beneficial to farmers.

Role Of Notary/Land Deed Official (PPAT) In Protection Of Sustainable Of Agricultural Land

Objectives: 1) To determine the role of a Notary / Land Deed Official in the process of sustainable food agriculture land protection. 2) To find out what the barriers and solutions in the implementation of sustainable food agriculture land protection. The data used in this study are primary data, secondary and tertiary data that can menunjamg assessment, which is then analyzed with empirical juridical methods.Based on the results analasis the data concluded that: 1) in the Act No. 41 Year 2009 on Section 37 subsection (e) described the control by way of extension it is related to the role of a Notari / Officer of the Land Deed automatically as a legal consultant and educator law to the people who use the services, this is related to three (3) working on the character's first point explained that the work should reflect the goodwill that realizing the policy in this case related to the protection of agricultural land sustainable food. 2) in the implementation of sustainable food protection of agricultural land is the lack of public knowledge about the rules regarding the protection of farmland this is due to lack of information on the law related to this issue. the increasing number of population also became one of the factors inhibiting the implementation of the protection of agricultural land, the increasing number of residents would increase the demand for homes, it is used as the owners of agricultural land as a business opportunity amid difficult to be farmers at this time, the landowners clicking alihfungsikan land farm into plots of land and housing, and converted into industrial land. Solutions to the government, especially local government; embrace Notary / PPAT in conducting counseling on the protection of agricultural land, as it will not be effective if the government conduct its own extension, construction of flats and industrial areas to be a solution to the need for housing and industrial land. the increasing number of residents would increase the demand for homes, it is used as the owners of agricultural land as a business opportunity amid difficult to be farmers at this time, the land owners alihfungsikan clicking agricultural land into land plots and housing as well as converted into industrial land. Solutions to the government, especially local government; embrace Notary / PPAT in conducting counseling on the protection of agricultural land, as it will not be effective if the government conduct its own extension, construction of flats and industrial areas to be a solution to the need for housing and industrial land. the increasing number of residents would increase the demand for homes, it is used as the owners of agricultural land as a business opportunity amid difficult to be farmers at this time, the land owners alihfungsikan clicking agricultural land into land plots and housing as well as converted into industrial land. Solutions to the government, especially local government; embrace Notary / PPAT in conducting counseling on the protection of agricultural land, as it will not be effective if the government conduct its own extension, construction of flats and industrial areas to be a solution to the need for housing and industrial land. alihfungsikan clicking landowners agricultural land into land plots and housing as well as converted into industrial land. Solutions to the government, especially local government; embrace Notary / PPAT in conducting counseling on the protection of agricultural land, as it will not be effective if the government conduct its own extension, construction of flats and industrial areas to be a solution to the need for housing and industrial land. alihfungsikan clicking landowners agricultural land into land plots and housing as well as converted into industrial land. Solutions to the government, especially local government; embrace Notary / PPAT in conducting counseling on the protection of agricultural land, as it will not be effective if the government conduct its own extension, construction of flats and industrial areas to be a solution to the need for housing and industrial land.

Larangan Kepemilikan Tanah Pertanian Secara Absentee Dan Pertanggung Jawaban Hukum Badan Pertanahan Di Kabupaten Tulungagung

Reforms have been carried out by the government through many land reform programs that regulate land ownership and legal relations between owners and land objects, so that a prosperous and productive society is created to advance the national economy and food security. One of them is the prohibition of agricultural land ownership regulated in article 10 paragraph (1) of the Basic Agrarian Law. It is expected that the owners of agricultural land will work on their own land so that productivity will be maximized, the community will be taught to work and be productive regularly and routinely. But in reality in the field in Jabalsari village Sumbergempol subdistrict Tulungagung regency there are still many people who control agricultural land absentee and interpreted the rules of ownership of agricultural land absentee not yet effective, so this research aims to find out the causes of absentee ownership of agricultural land and how a large role Tulungagung Regency National Land Agency in terms of absentee ownership of agricultural land. This research is carried out using the Empirical Juridical method namely how the law is implemented in social life. The results of research conducted in Jabalsari village Sumbergempol Sub-district Tulungagung District showed that absentee land ownership in Tulungagung District occurred due to many factors namely: community awareness factors, cultural factors, legal factors, law enforcement factors in the area, facility and infrastructure factors as well as quite a lot It was found that economic factors, and the responsibility of the National Land Agency of Tulungagung Regency still reached the supervision of certified land and improved administration of agricultural land data, this was done so that in the future it would run and orderly administration of the problem of absentee ownership of agricultural land.

Land, ladies, and the law: a case study on women's land rights and welfare in Southeast Asia in the nineteenth century†

AbstractThis study evaluates women's de jure and de facto land rights and their implications for household welfare in nineteenth‐century Bangkok. Women constituted a significant share of agricultural landowners holding government‐issued land deeds in central Siam (now Thailand)—a pattern that stands in contrast to both historical and contemporary developing economy contexts where the structure of land rights often favours men. The findings show, through both direct and indirect evidence, that women's de jure rights were upheld in practice. Women made significantly more agricultural investments than male or mixed‐gender owners, which supports the assertion that women perceived their land rights as secure under Siam's traditional usufruct land rights system. An assessment of land‐related court cases directly supports our claim, showing that women in Siam had access to legal representation and were protected when their land rights were challenged by investors and local elites in the context of high demand for both agricultural and urban land. Such secure land rights helped preserve women's livelihoods as agriculturists and household well‐being. We estimate that the median female‐owned orchard could support 10 adults annually, achieving a standard of living comparable to unskilled labourer households in Beijing and Milan during the same period.

Application of Hec-Ras Technology to Irrigation and Water Building in Agricultural Businesses

This study aims to help irrigate agricultural land using technology. This writing used descriptive method by analyzing the use of an irrigation system, which makes it easier for agricultural landowners in the irrigation process of the land. The results of this paper are building technology irrgation is suitable for irrigation needs of an agricultural land. After getting a survey directly from the location of the study and interviewing several local farmers, with the existence of irrigation channels and water structures, the water needs of a land can be easily fulfilled. The income from the land is increasing little by little, so that land owners have no more trouble getting water to meet their land needs. Therefore, it can be concluded that using this system technology can help design the flow of water on irrigation channels that function to irrigate agricultural land to meet their needs. So that the fulfilment of agricultural land water needs through irrigation can increase the income of the economy in that area.

SOME ASPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF PROPERTY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

Ownership of agricultural land in the Republic of Bulgaria is regulated in detail in the legislation, through regulations and norms that reflect different aspects of ownership. Owners of agricultural land can be different entities, but the use of agricultural land, the scale of agricultural activity, are directly related to the amount of ownership. The possession, use and management of agricultural land is accompanied by some problems that affect agricultural policy and its results to varying degrees.

Participatory approach in Aquifer Storage and Recovery management in Arid zones, does it work?

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) with treated wastewater, is considered as an effective solution for a critical aquifer decline due to groundwater overexploitation. In ASR operational step and after the aquifer storage phase, the problem is the new groundwater right for stakeholders and specifically farmers. In a 2-year study, the potential of a participatory approach for solving this problem was investigated and applied in Fashafoeyeh aquifer in southern Tehran Province. This aquifer faces a critical situation of groundwater from point of view of quantitative and qualitative aspects. Firstly, five indicators were considered including agricultural efficiency, water resource efficiency, water governance, local participation, and economic factors. Then 23 farmers and agricultural landowners were selected based on age, education, and gender. A questionnaire was designed, surveyed, and filled out after interviewing them in several field trips to the site. The results of data analysis showed that 96% of farmers and landowners were highly motivated in the implementation of the participatory approach in ASR management. Moreover, 91% showed a high desire to decrease the groundwater withdrawal from wells. A high percentage of stakeholders had a tendency to participate in some aspects of ASR system. In the meantime, many farmers had a negative viewpoint about government supports. The results illustrate a correlation between agriculture efficiency with participation in the government's projects and implementation. Moreover, a correlation exists between water management in the field and participation in government's projects as well as local participatory. This research emphasises on proper planning through face-to-face dialogue with farmers and landowners. In this regard, they collaborate in a participatory approach, as well as a technical and social team to implement the aquifer storage and recovery management.

Thinking Upstream: How Do Landowner Attitudes Affect Forested Riparian Buffer Coverage?

Little is known about the conservation of intermittent and ephemeral streams on private lands despite the importance of these waterways for ecosystem and hydrologic outcomes. Our case study of a watershed of central New York State considers landowners' attitudes toward perennial and intermittent streams on their property. We combine social science survey responses with aerial imagery to assess the underlying drivers of landowners' attitudes about their streams, and the extent to which these attitudes shape riparian conservation behaviors on their properties. We find that stream flow regularity directly and positively shapes landowners' stream attitudes, with landowners of perennially flowing streams holding their streams in higher regard than landowners with streams of intermittent flows. Landowners with forest and wetlands as the primary land cover had more riparian buffer coverage on their properties than agricultural landowners. Landowners with a weaker perceived land use efficacy also had greater buffer coverage. Our findings suggest that landowners in headwater regions do not perceive their influence on downstream water quality, and that outreach efforts should emphasize the importance and conservation of headwater streams and associated water quality outcomes.

An inductive framework of self-efficacy to understand and support farmers in conservation agriculture

Twenty-four qualitative interviews were conducted with farmers and farmland owners in two Minnesota subwatersheds of the Red River Basin. The interviews were designed to elicit participant views on decision-making drivers and farm management goals, especially related to natural resource stewardship. In this paper we examine perceived self-efficacy as a determinant of conservation behavior. Study findings highlight multiple constraints to conservation agriculture, including low perceived self-efficacy, regardless of motivation. These results suggest that programs and policies designed to elevate self-efficacy may be helpful for increasing conservation behavior. In particular, we suggest empowering feedback loops as a mechanism to build self-efficacy among farmers and agricultural landowners. Improved understanding of farmer decision-making drivers and self-efficacy sources and constraints will likely aid natural resource professionals and policy makers in designing and implementing agricultural conservation programs and policies that are more closely aligned with goals and values of farmers, and will thus be helpful in achieving state and local water conservation goals.

Traditional or Economic Values? Analyzing Absentee Landowner Attitudes Amid Social and Agricultural Transformation in Japan

AbstractAgricultural landownership in Japan has changed drastically over the last century due to post‐World War II land reforms and cultural, political, and economic shifts in the subsequent decades. Initial land reform shifted the concentrated ownership of land from the wealthy to small‐scale farmers. But as Japan industrialized and became more urban‐centered, a substantial amount of rural land has been left abandoned or unmanaged by descendants of those farmers. This paper analyzes the attitudes of absentee agricultural landowners in Japan to better understand the prevalence of economically rational versus traditional attitudes toward land ownership. We draw on the rural sociological literature on place attachment to hypothesize why some absentee landowners feel a strong tie to the land of their ancestors, while others would be willing to sell for a reasonable price. We use unique survey data obtained from 466 absentee agricultural landowners in Japan. Logistic regression results indicate that attachment to place, gender, age, educational attainment, and usage of land is significant predictors of whether landowners hold traditional, rather than economic, values. We discuss the implications of these findings for the future of sustainable agricultural land management in Japan.

Drought Early Warning and the Timing of Range Managers’ Drought Response

The connection between drought early warning information and the timing of rangeland managers’ response actions is not well understood. This study investigates U.S. Northern Plains range and livestock managers’ decision-making in response to the 2016 flash drought, by means of a postdrought survey of agricultural landowners and using the Protective Action Decision Model theoretical framework. The study found that managers acted in response to environmental cues, but that their responses were significantly delayed compared to when drought conditions emerged. External warnings did not influence the timing of their decisions, though on-farm monitoring and assessment of conditions did. Though this case focused only on a one-year flash drought characterized by rapid drought intensification, waiting to destock pastures was associated with greater losses to range productivity and health and diversity. This study finds evidence of unrealized potential for drought early warning information to support proactive response and improved outcomes for rangeland management.

‘From a circle of introductions’: adult learning and empowerment of women agricultural landowners

This study is about adult learning and empowerment in a challenging context. The data from this study comes from interviews with women non-operating landowners who attended a learning circle event designed to inform them about conservation opportunities on their land. The findings show there were several aspects of the learning circles that resonated with the women – the type of learning that occurred (hands on and visual), the networking (with other female landowners) and specific conservation information (cover crops). The findings also show how the structure of the learning circle allowed for a Community of Practice, and the resultant environmental and social impacts that occurred from such a community.

Evaluating the Public’s Preferences toward Sustainable Planning under Climate and Land Use Change in Forest Parks

Balancing the goals of sustainable planning under climate and land use change (CLUC) with ecosystem service functions is a huge challenge for the management and programming of protected areas today. We construct a new evaluation framework towards the perspectives of sustainable land management based on the choice experiment (CE) model, and apply it to investigate the public’s preferences for the forest parks in Taiwan. This study found that implementing organic farming, increasing species populations, increasing the acreage of secondary forest area, and developing an integrated framework for ecotourism would best satisfy the public’s preferences for sustainable land use management. Second, we identify that the heterogeneity of the public’s preferences for forest park management varies depending on whether individuals are (1) members of environmental groups, (2) agricultural landowners, and (3) residents of the municipality. Third, we find integrated land use programs generate the highest welfare values among scenarios comprising different financial attributes.

Where farm and forest meet: Comparing National Woodland Owner Survey respondents with and without farmland

Much is known about the characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors of U.S. family forest owners and agricultural landowners independently. However, little is known about those who own both woodland and farmland. To address this knowledge gap, we analyze National Woodland Owner Survey data to better understand similarities and differences between family forest owners who also own farmland, and those who do not. We found that, in general, farmland and woodland owners (FWOs) are very similar to woodland-only family forest landowners (FFOs) in terms of ownership objectives, attitudes and forest management activities. However, FWOs are less likely to have under 40 acres (16.2 ha) of forestland, more likely to live on their wooded land, and more likely to own their woodlands as a place to raise their family than woodland-only FFOs. While there is potential for dual forms of outreach, technical and financial assistance, and peer networks as both an agricultural landowner and a forest landowner, forest management behaviors of FWOs do not significantly differ from that of woodland-only FFOs. Professionals from agricultural or forestry extension, soil and water conservation organizations, and others responsible for delivering both agricultural and forestry programs and policy tools could explore opportunities to connect FWOs to both types of landowner programs that can assist them with forest management.

Kierunki rozwoju agroturystyki na obszarze nadbużańskim

Dolina rzeki Bug to wyjątkowy obszar na terenie Polski, charakteryzujący się bogatymi walorami zarówno przyrodniczymi, jak i kulturowymi. To również tereny w dużym stopniu rolnicze i nieprzekształcone, a jednocześnie objęte ochroną prawną. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wśród właścicieli gospodarstw agroturystycznych 34 gmin usytuowanych na obszarze trzech województw (podlaskiego, lubelskiego i mazowieckiego) w dolinie rzeki Bug stwierdzono, iż atutami wpływającymi w znacznym stopniu na rozwój turystyki na badanym terenie są walory przyrodnicze terenu nadbużańskiego oraz wyjątkowa cisza i spokój, a także dostęp do istniejącej infrastruktury turystycznej. Wskazano również na dużą rolę informacji turystycznej, potrzebę jej popularyzacji (przez wydawanie albumów, katalogów i innych opracowań reklamowych) oraz utrzymania wysokiego standardu prowadzonych usług. Za główną barierę rozwoju agroturystyki uznano brak nawyku w społeczeństwie do wypoczynku weekendowego i sezonowość istniejących ofert.

Beyond “Us and Them”: Why Do Landowners Disagree About Local Water Pollution?

Collaborative watershed governance (CWG) is one strategy to address nonpoint source water pollution. While many collaborative watershed arrangements unfold in local settings, institutional analyses of CWG often do not consider landowners perceive intracommunity tensions about water pollution. We consider how diverse landowners attribute water pollution to agricultural and residential sources, and how these causal attributions may underpin perceived intracommunity tensions. We use survey data (n = 373) from the Owasco Lake watershed of central New York to examine water quality perceptions, concerns, and beliefs across year-round lakeshore, seasonal lakeshore, off shore residential, and agricultural landowners. Each type of landowner has a unique process through which water pollution causal attributions develop. Perceived intracommunity differences are more pronounced for non-farming landowners who blame agriculture for water pollution. With a better understanding of how landowners perceive the views of one another, watershed managers can tailor local communication efforts to emphasize shared views.