Agricultural Extension Workers Research Articles

NĂNG LỰC HIỆN TẠI, THÁCH THỨC VÀ NHU CẦU NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC CỦA CÁN BỘ KHUYẾN NÔNG TRONG BỐI CẢNH BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU TẠI TỈNH BẮC KẠN

This study aims to assess the current capacity, challenges and needs of capacity building of agricultural extension workers in Bac Kan province under the context of climate change. The research was conducted during 2021-2022, using semi-structured questionnaires for face-to-face interviews with 17 leaders and 59 staff members of agricultural extension agencies in the province. Results show that the agricultural extension workforce of Bac Kan province has advantages in terms of qualifications and work experience. Nonetheless, they also encountered a number of challenges under the context of increasingly changing environment. These include: (1) passivity in guiding production and technical transfer activities, (2) difficulties in pest and disease forecast and management, (3) increased workload; and (4) their communication and/or community outreach activities face many challenges, especially in localities with ethnic minorities, scattered housing locations, and difficult travel access. Most of the agricultural extension workers have not been trained in both agricultural extension methods and climate change adaptation. Technical climate-resilient production manuals (for both crops and livestock), effective communication methods and information sharing networks among agricultural extension officers were considered the main learning resources that they desired to be equipped to effectively carry out their tasks under the context of climate change.

MODAL SOSIAL PENYULUH: PERAN KEPERCAYAAN DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI KOTA KENDARI

The objective of this study was to ascertain the extent of social capital among extension workers in Kendari City, with a particular focus on the role of trust in the implementation of effective agricultural extension activities. The study population consisted of all agricultural extension workers in Kendari City, numbering 63 individuals. The research sample was selected using the census technique, which involves taking the entire population, resulting in a sample size of 63 respondents. The data were collected via survey, interview, and document analysis techniques, employing a variety of media formats, including questionnaires. The research variables concentrated on the social capital of extension workers, specifically in the context of trust in agricultural extension activities. This research employs a quantitative methodology. The data were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach. This method employs mathematical and statistical calculations for testing, measurement, and hypothesis testing. The findings indicated that the social capital of the extension workers in Kendari City, specifically their trust in agricultural extension activities, has been effectively implemented. Trust in agricultural extension activities is a crucial element in the success of extension work. The relationship between extension workers and farmers plays a pivotal role in this process. By fostering effective communication and mutual respect, trust can be established, which in turn will encourage the adoption of more effective and sustainable agricultural practices.

Evaluating the Availability and Accessibility of Agricultural Extension Services Under the Single Spine System in Uganda. A Case of Smallholder Crop Farmers in Buhweju District

Purpose: This study evaluated the availability and accessibility of agricultural extension services under the Single Spine System, with a specific focus on smallholder crop farmers in Buhweju District. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Structured questionnaires were administered to a sample of 393 smallholder crop farmers and key informant interviews with district agricultural officers and extension workers provided in-depth insights into the delivery of services. Findings: The results indicate that education was positively and significantly (P<0.01) associated with knowledge about the availability of extension services. Farmers with more years of schooling had a greater likelihood of being aware of extension providers. Similarly, larger households with more labor resources (median size = 4) had better access to extension services. Moreover, household land size (median = 3 acres) and income (median = UGX 250,000) were significantly correlated with both availability and access to extension services, with wealthier farmers seeking more information to improve agricultural productivity. The study also revealed that proximity to extension service centers was a critical factor; households closer to sub-county offices (median distance = 1.5 km) had higher knowledge of available services. Access to credit and group membership were also major determinants of both awareness and access to extension services. Challenges were also identified, including limited outreach by extension officers, inadequate allowances, and insufficient logistical support for field officers. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommends increased sensitization efforts using local leaders, social media, and community networks, alongside greater support for sub-county agricultural officers to ensure effective service delivery.

Erratum: Rice Sufficiency Officers’ Role Perception and Job Satisfaction as Agricultural Research and Extension Workers

Erratum: Rice Sufficiency Officers’ Role Perception and Job Satisfaction as Agricultural Research and Extension Workers

PERSEPSI PETANI TENTANG PENGARUH KINERJA PENYULUH TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PETANI PADI DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT (Rice Farmers Perceptions Of The Influence Of Extension Workers' Performance On The Competence Of Rice Farmers In West Aceh Regency)

This study aims to assess how farmers perceive the impact of agricultural extension performance on rice farmers' ability in Alue Tampak Village, Kaway XVI Sub-district, West Aceh District. With a total population of 176 rice farmers, the study adopted a quantitative approach through a survey method. The sample was selected using the Slovin formula, resulting in 64 rice farmer respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using simple linear regression as well as hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS 20. The research findings indicated that farmers' perceptions of agricultural extension workers' performance positively affected their competence in rice farming. The R² value of 0.554 indicates that the performance of agricultural extension workers can explain 55.4% of the variation in farmers' competence, while factors beyond the scope of this study influence the remaining 44.6%. The regression test results yielded the equation Y = 2.599 + 0.631X + e, where the positive coefficient of 0.631 confirms the existence of a positive influence between agricultural extension performance and farmers' competencies.

Peran Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Mendukung Transformasi Digital Melalui Petani Apps di Sektor Pertanian Pedesaan Air Joman

Digital transformation in the agricultural sector is becoming increasingly important in increasing farmer productivity and efficiency. One innovation that supports this process is the use of the Farmer Apps application, a digital platform that facilitates access to information, marketing and agricultural management. This research aims to analyze the role of agricultural extension workers in supporting digital transformation through the application of Farmer Apps in the Air Joman rural area. This research method uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and field observations. The research results show that agricultural extension workers have an important role as facilitators, educators and mediators in the adoption of digital technology by farmers. However, some of the challenges faced include limited digital infrastructure and low technological literacy among farmers. The conclusion of this research is the importance of increasing the capacity of agricultural extension workers and providing infrastructure capable of accelerating the digital transformation process in the rural agricultural sector.

TINGKAT KEPUASAN PETANI PADA KINERJA PENYULUH DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PROGRAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA PARIS KECAMATAN MOOTILANGO

The study aimed to determine the level of farmer satisfaction with the agricultural extension program in extension program in Paris Village. This research was conducted in Paris Village, Mootilango Subdistrict using a survey research type with information collection techniques carried out using a list of questions compiled in a questionnaire. This study had a sample of 39 respondents who used the Important Performance Analysis (IPA) analysis technique. Based on the results of this analysis, it is found that the performance of agricultural extension workers is good in carrying out extension activities on time and carrying out tasks according to their needs. Agricultural extension workers have good insight and communication skills so that farmers in Paris Village quickly understand the delivery provided by agricultural extension workers and extension workers can provide solutions to solving problems and work together in practicing farming activities, comply with each other in the agricultural system, have many ideas and offer innovations in guiding agricultural extension activities.

The role of agricultural extension workers in transforming agricultural supply chains: enhancing innovation, technology adoption, and ethical practices in Nigeria

Agricultural extension workers play a pivotal role in transforming supply chains by bridging the gap between research, innovation, and on-the-ground farming practices. In Nigeria, where agriculture serves as a backbone for economic development and food security, the adoption of modern technologies and ethical farming practices remains critical. This article explores how agricultural extension workers contribute to enhancing productivity, promoting sustainability, and encouraging the diffusion of innovative technologies within Nigeria's agricultural sector. By serving as catalysts for the adoption of advanced tools such as precision agriculture, mobile-based information systems, and climate-smart practices, extension workers help improve efficiency, reduce post-harvest losses, and ensure farmers’ access to markets. The study highlights the challenges faced by these workers, including resource constraints, technological barriers, and policy limitations. Furthermore, the article delves into the ethical dimensions of farming, emphasizing the need for environmentally sustainable and socially responsible practices. Through case studies and a detailed examination of Nigeria’s agricultural landscape, this paper provides insights into the future direction of agricultural extension services and their role in ensuring food security and rural development. The article concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen extension services and their capacity to drive innovation and sustainability in Nigeria’s agriculture sector.

Actuation Drones in Agriculture: Advancing Precision Pest Management through Biocontrol and Modern Techniques

As global food demand surges, agricultural technology is essential for addressing challenges like environmental degradation, pollution, and water scarcity. Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), present a promising solution for precision agriculture by providing real-time, accurate data that enhances decision-making in crop management. In pest control, drones offer targeted delivery of natural enemies and biopesticides, improving efficiency and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. This precision can lead to increased crop yields, reduced environmental impact, and improved livelihoods for farmers by lowering operational costs and optimizing resource use. Despite their potential, adopting drone technology in agriculture faces regulatory challenges, such as the need for certifications, flight restrictions, and operational guidelines. Addressing these regulatory hurdles is crucial for broader implementation. Moreover, collaboration among stakeholders—including researchers, policymakers, agricultural extension workers, and industry players—is vital for advancing drone-assisted pest management and ensuring its practical adoption in diverse farming environments. As we navigate these challenges, actuation drones hold immense promise for transforming pest management practices globally, contributing to sustainable agriculture and enhanced food security. Further research, development, and stakeholder engagement are necessary to fully realize the potential of drones in integrated pest management (IPM) systems.

Pembangunan Rumah Pompa Air Sebagai Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pengairan Sawah Di Desa Sukomulyo

Sukomulyo is a village located in Kaliwungu Selatan District, Kendal Regency, most of whose residents work as farmers. The rice fields in Sukomulyo village are irrigated using river water which is taken directly from the Waridin River with a diesel water pump. The process of irrigating the rice fields takes a long time, so the water pumps are simply left alone by the farmers because they are doing other activities. Often farmers forget to turn off the water pumps they turn on, resulting in wasteful use of river water and fuel. When the dry season arrives, there could be a decrease in the river water discharge to the ground which has the potential to result in farmers not being able to irrigate their rice fields with water. To overcome this problem, the Sukomulyo farmer group in collaboration with the PPL (Agricultural Extension Worker) of Kaliwungu Selatan District built a water pump house which is used for their rice field irrigation needs. With the construction of the water pump house, it is hoped that it can irrigate farmers' rice fields during the dry season and can increase agricultural production in Sukomulyo Village and can reduce farmers' worries when the river water does not flow

Mampukah Sistem E-Laporan Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pengawasan Kegiatan Penyuluhan di Kabupaten Sleman?

The extension e-report system is an online system used by field agricultural extension workers in Sleman Regency to report their extension activities every month online through the www.penyuluhan.jogjaprov.go.id website. This study aims to examine the influence of system quality on system use, inspect the influence of system quality on user satisfaction, test the influence of information quality on system use and user satisfaction, the influence of system use on user satisfaction, the influence of user satisfaction on system use, the influence of system use on individual impact and the influence of satisfaction users to individual impacts using the DeLone & McLean IS Success Model. The quantitative research method is carried out in all Agricultural Food and Fisheries Extension Center (BP4) in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, with 90 respondents in field agricultural extension taken using the census technique—the research analysis using SEM PLS with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of the study show that (1) the quality of the system does not affect the use of the system. (2) The system’s quality does not affect user satisfaction. (3) The quality of information affects the use of the system. (4) The quality of information affects user satisfaction. (5a) The use of the system affects user satisfaction. (5b) User satisfaction affects the use of the system. (6) Using the system affects the impact of the Individual. (7) User satisfaction affects individual impact. The research results are expected to provide input for improving this e-report system to make the supervision process more effective.

Orientasi Etika Penyuluh Pertanian di Kabupaten Konawe

This research aimed to analyze the ethical orientation of agricultural extension workers in agricultural extension in Konawe Regency. The research was conducted in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The location of this research was determined purposively or deliberately. The respondents of this study were the entire research population, namely all food crop agricultural extension workers who had status as State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in Konawe, with a total 113 people (census). The research variable is the ethical orientation of agricultural extension workers, which includes: idealism and relativism ethical orientation. The data analysis used to describe the ethical orientation of extension workers in agricultural extension is descriptive quantitative using class intervals. The results showed that the ethical orientation of extension workers in agricultural extension in Konawe Regency is in the medium category. Extension workers in Konawe already have a good ethical orientation in agricultural extension, but this needs to be improved so that extension workers have a high or very good ethical orientation in agricultural extension. Agricultural extension workers who have a high ethical orientation will always carry out extension activities professionally.

HUBUNGAN POLA KOMUNIKASI PENYULUH PERTANIAN DENGAN PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PETANI SAYURAN DI KELURAHAN TOBUUHA KECAMATAN PUUWATU KOTA KENDARI

The process of delivering information carried out by agricultural extension workers to vegetable farmers requires an appropriate communication pattern to increase the level of knowledge of target farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between communication patterns of agricultural extension workers and vegetable farmers in Tobuuha Village. The study population consisted of all vegetable farmers in Tobuuha Village, which amounted to 20 farmers and one field agricultural extension worker. The research sample was determined by the census method, resulting in a sample size of 21 individuals. Data were collected through survey techniques, interviews, and the use of documentation, with the assistance of media in the form of questionnaires. This study is a quantitative research study. The data were processed using descriptive analysis through the use of the class interval formula and correlation analysis through the Spearman Rank formula, with the help of SPSS Software Version 26. The research findings indicate that the communication patterns of agricultural extension workers with vegetable farmers in Tobuuha Village encompass one-way, two-way, and multi-directional communication patterns. One-way communication patterns and multi-way communication patterns are classified as medium, while two-way communication patterns are classified as high. The level of knowledge of vegetable farmers is classified as medium based on indicators of understanding, application, and analysis. While the level of knowledge of vegetable farmers based on indicators of knowing is in the low category, the relationship between communication patterns of agricultural extension workers and the level of knowledge of vegetable farmers is statistically significant (0.046) and positive (0.691). This indicates that the more effective the communication patterns employed by agricultural extension workers, the greater the likelihood of increased knowledge among vegetable farmers.

PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN TERHADAP KINERJA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA TEPPOE KECAMATAN POLEANG TIMUR KABUPATEN BOMBANA

This study aims to examine the role of agricultural extension workers in the context of wet-rice farming in Teppoe Village, East Poleang Subdistrict, and to elucidate the relationship between the two. The research population consisted of all wet-rice farmers in Teppoe Village, amounting to a total of 250 individuals. A sample of 25 individuals was selected from the total research population, representing 10% of the total number of respondents. The data were collected via survey, interview, and documentation methods with the assistance of research instruments in the form of questionnaires. This study employs a quantitative approach. The research data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods, specifically the class interval formula and Spearman's rank correlation. The findings indicated that the role of agricultural extension workers in Teppoe Village, East Poleang Subdistrict, as facilitators was deemed to be satisfactory. However, their roles as motivators and educators were perceived to be inadequate, while their role as innovators was considered to be satisfactory. The performance of paddy rice farming in terms of productivity is in the satisfied category, while the sales price of paddy rice and farmers' income are in the moderately satisfied category. The relationship between the role of agricultural extension officers and farm performance was found to be statistically significant (value 0.031), though the strength of the relationship was relatively weak (value 0.363).

Factors Inhibiting Persuasive Communication of Agricultural Extension Workers Through Internet Media in Accelerating Information Dissemination in Farmer Women Groups in Ponorogo Regency, Indonesia

The development of digital information technology today allows the use of various media for agricultural extension. The internet has become an important medium in disseminating information, including for agricultural extension workers and farmer women groups. Agricultural extension workers have a crucial role in conveying information persuasively and are expected to utilize internet media to support their tasks and accelerate the dissemination of information to farmers. This study examines the obstacles in persuasive communication carried out by agricultural extension workers using internet media to accelerate the dissemination of information to Farmer Women Groups in Ponorogo Regency. The method used is qualitative descriptive with data analysis through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The informants in this study consisted of agricultural extension workers and members of farmer women groups in Babadan District. The results of the study showed that there were technical obstacles such as lack of technological facilities and uneven internet access, as well as time limitations due to the dual roles of group members. Low digital literacy is also an obstacle, influenced by age, low education, and lack of technological experience. Behavioral barriers include a preference for in-person counseling and age stereotypes, where older members lack confidence in using technology. The influence of the social environment also plays a role. The suggested solutions include increasing digital literacy, improving technological infrastructure, and handling stereotypes and negative social influences to increase the effectiveness of counseling.

Peluang dan Tantangan Pengembangan Usahatani Tomat dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pendapatan Petani di Kecamatan Ruteng Kabupaten Manggarai

Agriculture is a sector that has an important role in the economy in Indonesia. One agricultural commodity that has great potential is horticulture. Horticulture is one of the agricultural subsectors that has the potential to make a major contribution to economic development and plays an important role in the source of farmers' income, trade and employment. This research aims to determine the opportunities and challenges of developing tomato farming and its impact on farmers' income in Ruteng District, Manggarai Regency. The research was conducted in Ruteng District, Manggarai Regency with the consideration that this area is one of the areas for developing tomato horticulture farming. Data collection was carried out by interviewing main and key informants consisting of farmers, heads of farmer groups, agricultural extension workers. Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data. Research result. By taking advantage of supportive climate conditions, optimizing high market demand, managing stable selling prices, and diversifying products, farmers in Ruteng District have a good opportunity to develop tomato farming in a sustainable manner and can improve their standard of living. In facing farming challenges, it is important to have a holistic and integrated approach between governments. in terms of providing technological support, education, access to capital and risk management to help increase productivity, sustainability and income of farmers in Ruteng District. Apart from that, intense assistance to farmers in implementing good agricultural practices will also support increasing crop yields and farmer welfare. With the implementation of the right strategy and continuous support, tomato farming in Ruteng District has great potential to increase productivity, farmer income and contribution to the local economy.

Genetic Evaluation of Heterosis and Combining Ability of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids under Terminal Heat Stress Conditions

Background: The development of quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids tolerant to terminal stress environments has been an essential strategy for reducing the associated loss in grain yield. A study by Badu-Apraku et al., (2019) employed line × tester analysis in QPM breeding, highlighting its efficacy in selecting QPM hybrids. While QPM varieties resistant to disease, drought and environmental stresses have been developed conventionally, the adoption of improved QPM genotypes in farmers’ field is restricted mainly due to lack of proper team effort among maize breeders, farmers, agricultural extension workers and other relevant stakeholders. Methods: In line × tester mating design, six lines and three testers were crossed under heat stress environment and 18 F1s along with parental lines were evaluated along with check varietal during summer season, 2023, P.G research farm, CUTM, Paralakhemudi, Odisha. The objective of the current study was to evaluate parental lines and its crosses based on combining ability and heterosis. Result: ANOVA revealed significant to revealed significant differences for all the traits between parents, lines, testers and lines vs testers, except for cob height, chlorophyll content and canopy temperature. 𝛔2GCA/𝛔2SCA values for parents/hybrids recorded lower than unity for all the trait studied suggesting preponderance of non-additive gene action. Parental lines CML149, CML143 and CML330 are the best general combiners for early flowering, grain yield per plant and antioxidant status. Among eighteen crosses, two hybrids CML149 × CML330 and CML143 × CML193 recorded significant SCA effects for early flowering, grain yield per plant and antioxidant levels. Hybrids CML149 × CML330 (33.31%) and CML143 × CML193 (28.31%) noted significant standard heterosis for grain yield per plant over commercial check, HQPM-1. Hybrids CML149 × CML330 and CML143 × CML193 were resilient to terminal heat stress as they didn’t exhibit signs of leaf firing, tassel blast, root lodging and loss of yield.

PERAN PENYULUH DALAM IMPLEMENTASI USAHATANI JERUK NIPIS BERKELANJUTAN DI DESA LANDONO DUA KECAMATAN LANDONO KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

The objective of this study is to ascertain the role of extension agents in the implementation of sustainable lime farming practices in Landono Dua Village, Landono District, South Konawe Regency. The population under investigation in this study consisted of lime farmers in Landono Dua Village, Landono District. The study sample was obtained through a census, resulting in a total of 49 individuals. This research employs a quantitative methodology. The variables under investigation are divided into two categories: the role of extension workers and the sustainability of lime farming. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis using questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument. The data were processed using a quantitative descriptive method, employing the class interval formula. The findings revealed that the role of agricultural extension agents can be classified into five distinct roles: facilitator, innovator, motivator, dynamizer, and educator. The role of agricultural extension workers in this study is categorized as positive, as evidenced by the effective implementation of the five roles identified. The sustainability of farming is divided into five aspects: ecological, economic, and social. The implementation of lime farming sustainability in this study is categorized as positive, indicating that the three aspects of sustainability have been applied effectively and have yielded positive results.

Information And Communication Technology Mediates The Competence And Workers And Its Impact On The Productivity Of Corn Farming In Tojo Una - Una Regency

The aim of this research is to analyze The influence of instructor competency and work motivation on mastery of information and communication technology and instructor performance and its impact on corn farming productivity in Tojo Una- Una Regency . Causality research method using the SEM-PLS approach. The research sample was 151 extension workers in Tojo Una-Una Regency. The research results show that of the 9 (nine ) research hypotheses there is 1 (one) hypothesis that is not significant, namely the motivation variable The work of extension workers has an effect but is not significant on the performance of agricultural extension workers in Tojo Una-Una Regency. Furthermore, the research results show that Information and Communication Technology mediates the influence of competency and Work Motivation, and the performance of instructors mediates the application of information technology on farming productivity.

Enhancing Well-being and Sustainable Agricultural Development in Sawahan Turen Village: A Comprehensive Analysis of Rural Population's Welfare and Agricultural Economics

Unforeseeable and fluctuating seasons can result in diminished agricultural yields, irregular rainfall patterns that adversely affect crop growth, and subpar harvests. The presence of pests and diseases can have a substantial impact on crop health and productivity, leading to decreased yields and lower-quality crops. Additionally, the rising costs of fertilizers and other agricultural inputs can impede farmers' ability to acquire essential resources, thereby hampering their productivity and overall profitability. The aim of this study is to assess the well-being of the rural population in Sawahan Turen Village, specifically focusing on the agricultural sector. The study aims to identify the challenges faced by the community in carrying out agricultural activities and to explore the strategies that can be implemented in agricultural economics to improve the well-being of the community in Sawahan Turen Village. By examining these aspects, the study aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for promoting sustainable agricultural development and enhancing the overall welfare of the community. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data to support the research objectives. The research is conducted in Sawahan Turen Village, with primary data collected through direct interviews with key subjects and informants, including farmers in Sawahan Turen Village, agricultural extension workers, and relevant stakeholders. Through this qualitative approach, the study aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for sustainable agricultural development and improving the overall welfare of the community. The research findings highlight the significant role of the agricultural sector in Sawahan Turen Village in contributing to the well-being of its community. It was observed that the involvement of the youth in this sector is notable, as a considerable number of young individuals in Sawahan Turen Village engage in farming activities. The primary reasons for their participation in agriculture are the profitability of farming in the village and the inheritance of agricultural land from their parents, which has equipped them with the necessary farming skills passed down through generations. Interestingly, despite having higher levels of education, many young individuals in Sawahan Turen Village choose to pursue farming. This has contributed to the continuity and preservation of the agricultural sector in the village, which has been practiced and sustained for generations. The study's originality is derived from its specific focus on Sawahan Turen Village, examining the agricultural sector's impact on community well-being. While previous research exists on rural development, this study offers a unique perspective by investigating youth involvement in farming and the preservation of traditional practices. By uncovering the motivations behind youth engagement, including profitability and inherited land, the study sheds light on the sustainability and dynamics of agriculture in Sawahan Turen Village. This contributes to a broader understanding of the relationship between agriculture, youth participation, and rural community well-being. While this study offers valuable insights, it is important to acknowledge its limitations. These include the specific focus on Sawahan Turen Village, potential biases in qualitative research methods, the limited timeframe, and the singular perspective of the youth. Future research should address these limitations for a broader understanding.