Agricultural Consumer Cooperatives Research Articles

Об эффективности деятельности сельскохозяйственных кооперативов в России

Abstract. The relevance of the presented material are justified by the fact that agrarian cooperation, first, is considered today as the most important condition for the successful functioning of agrarian sector of the economy and the preservation of rural areas, second, is under the close attention of the government, third, is characterized by low efficiency, despite the considerable efforts of theorists and practitioners. Research objective is scrupulous studying of a condition of cooperative activity in the Russian Federation in general and its regions in particular therefore materials about the efficiency assessment of domestic agricultural consumer cooperatives activity are presented in article (including in the Ural Federal District). Results. The main determinants of inefficient activity of agricultural consumer cooperatives in Russia (confirmed by calculations and analysis of corresponding economic indicators) are such circumstances as low readiness of producers for any integrative processes due to inadequacy of informal institutions; obstacles for introduction of entrepreneurial models into cooperative activities by formal institutions; limited resources at the disposal of cooperatives (including financial); non-compliant quality of human capital; inability to implement the traditional cooperative model in the current environment. Scientific novelty. The results are positively correlated with trends in the institutional environment. At the same time, the data of theoretical and empirical studies, on the basis of which, first of all, modern achievements of cooperative science and generalized material of practical activity of agricultural consumer cooperatives, allow not only to identify the main trends and tendencies in the development of domestic agricultural consumer cooperatives, but also to identify the reasons for their slow development.

СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИЕ КРЕДИТНЫЕ КООПЕРАТИВЫ ОДИН ИЗ ВАЖНЕЙШИХ РЕСУРСОВ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА

The aim of the study is a theoretical and methodological justification of the degree of influence of the basic cooperative principles in the activities of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (SKPK) on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector in the context of the essential content and functions performed as key factors in the subject area being studied. developmental SKPK The article conducted a study in terms of the impact of the basic cooperative principles and justification of the impact of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (SKPK) on the development of small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector of the economy, understanding the essence and functions, and identifying key factors affecting the development of SKPK. The study is based on a systematic approach to studying the features of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperation, using monographic, abstract-logical, statistical-economic, abstract and other research methods. Use of monographic,
 statistical and economic research revealed the main factors affecting the effective operation of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives. The directions of the analytical assessment were: the number of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives, the main indicators of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИХ КООПЕРАТИВОВ

The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the economic security of agricultural consumer cooperatives, gives an author's definition of economic security in relation to agricultural consumer cooperatives, as well as recommendations for the implementation of its functional components.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПОДХОДОВ К ПОДДЕРЖКЕ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКОЙ КООПЕРАЦИИ: ОТ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ ФОРМЫ К ПРОЦЕССУ КООПЕРАЦИИ

The development of traditional agricultural consumer cooperatives, created within the framework of Federal Law-193, in Russia is extremely slow. This is facilitated by a number of economic, institutional and psychological constraints. Accordingly, despite the rapid growth of production in peasant farms, and the still significant share of households in the gross agricultural output, for the most part they are not members of agricultural consumer cooperatives. However, cooperative interaction is especially important for small businesses. At the same time, in practice, there are numerous forms of cooperation between small agricultural producers that do not fit into the framework of traditional cooperatives. The identification and systematization of these emerging “bottom”forms, recommendations for their support is, therefore, an urgent task. This paper systematizes casestudy materials by types of informal cooperation outside the framework of consumer cooperatives, obtained during field research in 2019. Based on the analysis of measures of state support within the framework of federal and regional programs for the development of agriculture, individual measures have been identified that contribute to overcoming the small-scale production of small businesses. At the same time, the analysis showed the absence of measures to support the already existing non-traditional forms of cooperative interaction. Recommendations for supporting these forms are formulated.

Peasant farms in Russia: trends and development forecasts

The article discusses the present state and development trends of peasant farms in Russia and Bashkortostan Republic. Their major production problems are demonstrated against the background of the present state of agriculture, the authors characterize the institutional environment of peasant farms operation, its impact upon the agrarian capacity of the region and investment activity of other organizational and legal forms of agricultural entities in the Republic. The article justifies the need to create agricultural production and consumer cooperatives, aimed at processing, supply, sales and service functions primarily, as well as to massively involve peasant farms in their structures. Thereby, the authors think, the efficiency of the agrarian sector of Bashkortostan Republic and, consequently, of Russia as a whole, will be significantly increased.

Technology of microwave treatment of cameline seeds and its economic efficiency

The purpose of the paper is a feasibility study on the effective implementation of microwave treatment technology for oilseeds during pre-sowing treatment and oil pressing while improving the quality of vegetable oil, including rapeseed, camelina and mustard oil, and increase in its production. The objectives of the study are calculation of the volume of extra products received, ensured by the application of the proposed technology; defining the oil quality parameters; development of methods for calculating the economic efficiency of the project; adaptation of methods for assessing the economic efficiency of an economic entity to the specifics of processing agricultural enterprises. The paper substantiates the possibility of implementing a project for the processing oilseeds using microwave technology in accordance with the requirements of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of the market for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 and the possibility of implementing the project, taking into account the obtaining grants by agricultural processing consumer cooperatives for the development of the material and technical base. The authors determined the effective treatment regime for camelina, rapeseed and mustard seeds during pre-sowing treatment and oil press. The characteristics of the oil, the treatment regime are presented. The expected increase in production provided by the implementation of the developed microwave technology is calculated. A methodology for the economic feasibility of the project is proposed and basic economic indicators are calculated that prove the economic efficiency of the project. Calculations and recommendations can be used by processing enterprises in order to increase economic efficiency by increasing production, as well as increasing productivity due to pre-sowing seed microwave treatment.

The opportunities of new cooperative models application in Russian agricultural economy

Agricultural cooperation in Russia is considered today as the most important condition for the successful functioning of the agricultural sector of the economy, as well as the development of rural areas and communities. However, as the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of domestic cooperative practices development demonstrate, cooperative activities, despite significant efforts by the State to support cooperation, are still low in efficiency. At the same time, one of the reasons for the current situation in the activities of agricultural consumer cooperatives is that their organizational model (traditional cooperatives) is unable to realize its potential in a new (rapidly changing) economic environment (both global and national). In this connection, the article 1) reveals the peculiarities of the conditions in which domestic cooperatives operate, as well as the problems they face in implementing strictly traditional principles in their organizational structure; 2) justifies the need to transform both the model of cooperatives and the formal and informal institutions that determine the development of cooperation in rural space; 3) highlights the main directions of traditional cooperative principles modification to bring cooperative structures to the new level of efficiency and competitiveness. The main result of the research is the conceptual definition of three alternative models of business-type cooperatives with different strategies, as well as different degrees of individualization property rights, control, and management. The common features of the proposed varieties of contemporary entrepreneurial cooperatives include the restriction of membership, the application of up-to-date financial instruments to enhance additional investment opportunities, the involvement of a wide range of participants in cooperative activities (as members, specialists, managers), and the implementation of various motivational tools for rapid expansion of cooperative activities. In conclusion, the author presents the algorithm of organizational and institutional changes, which are necessary for the successful introduction of the entrepreneurial model of agricultural cooperatives into domestic economic practice.

Structural changes in the rural economy

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study features of the rural economic development in the current social and economic environment. The aim of the article is to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of rural business by analyzing the current situation and identifying features of development of agricultural businesses. The article describes results of an analysis of characteristics of the development of sectors of the rural economy over the past seven years. It has been established that the annual growth rates of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan in general and the agricultural sector, in particular, are decreasing. In the next five years, they may amount to only 1–1.5 %; in 2014–2016, GRP of the agricultural sector amounted to 11–12 %, in 2017–2019 – 10 %. According to the existing trend, its share may decline to 8–9 %; 50 % of the production volume are produced by small businesses, which have a strong influence on volume indicators and are characterized by growth instability depending on demand and price fluctuations in the market. It is necessary to create conditions for the stable functioning of large agricultural producers, take measures to create a system of agricultural consumer cooperatives and diversify the rural economy in order to achieve stable development of rural territories.

Short supply food chains in rural development

The article presents the results of study of the possibilities and prerequisites for the development of rural territories based on the restructuring of the agri-food system at the local level. The inclusion of peasant farm enterprises, private subsidiary farms, agricultural consumer cooperatives and agricultural cooperative markets into short supply food chains has been observed. The study was conducted on the basis of Rosstat data across the subjects of the Russian Federation. The polling survey was carried out in Vologda, Leningrad and Novgorod regions. The methods of correlation and socio-economic analysis were used. Groups of regions with a high share (60-70%; 71-80%; > 80%) of peasant farms and private subsidiary farms in food production as territories with prerequisites for the formation of short supply food chains were identified. The tendencies of decreasing the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives and their localization in a limited number of regions have been established. In ten regions of Russia 52.6% of agricultural consumer cooperatives are concentrated and 49.2% of peasant farms as their members are located. Cooperatives in Russia as a whole cover only 5.2% of all peasant farms. Operating agricultural consumer cooperatives provide their services only to 4% of private subsidiary farms. Based on the correlation of Spearman's ranks, a moderate tightness of the direct relationship between the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives and the number of peasant farms - members of the agricultural consumer cooperatives (correlation coefficient is 0.56) and a weak relationship between the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives and the number of private subsidiary farms served by them (0.08) has been established. It is concluded that agricultural consumer cooperatives can have a significant impact on the formation of short supply food chains only in certain regions with a developed cooperative network. The results of the questionnaire of agricultural consumer cooperatives have revealed a number of interrelated problems concerning the sale of products, the need for the development of agricultural cooperative markets and other retail markets. It was proposed to manage markets and food chains in general on the basis of a corporate social responsibility model using rural web networks (Rural web).Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.

State support development of agricultural consumer cooperation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

In the article we considered the main directions of the state support of the cooperative relations. In total there are five main directions allocated, such as: legislative actions of support, actions of financial support, the organizational and information and consulting actions, actions directed to training, preparation and retraining of personnel and actions for the organization of sales channels and markets of products, and target indicators of implementation efficiency of actions package for agricultural cooperation development in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are also given for 2018 – 2021. The sociological research analysis conducted within the social and labor sphere monitoring of the rural areas is provided in article. Heads of administration of municipal districts, and rural communities, heads of agricultural cooperatives and heads of farms were included into the expert board. Experts estimated the development nature of the economic and social relations in the sphere of consumer cooperation, the reasons hindering agricultural consumer cooperation development, cost and social efficiency of various forms of economic management in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, ranged actions for ensuring sustainable dynamic development of consumer cooperation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Experts estimated the development nature of the economic and social relations in the sphere of consumer cooperation, the reasons hindering agricultural consumer cooperation development, various forms cost and social efficiency of economic management in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, ranged actions for ensuring sustainable dynamic development of consumer cooperation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. For the cooperative relations development in rural areas it is necessary to strengthen the state support. Creating favorable conditions for development of agricultural consumer cooperatives in the region is a task of the state.

Современное состояние и перспективы развития сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации в Липецкой, Тамбовской и Смоленской областях

The article reveals the results of the study devoted to the consideration of the modern development level of agricultural consumer cooperatives in Lipetsk, Tambov and Smolensk Regions. The given research is based on using systematic approach during regional agricultural consumer cooperatives consideration. The author used monographic, abstract-logical, economic and statistical, as well as graphic research methods. Agricultural consumer cooperatives can guarantee achievement of individual goals of people living in rural areas, consumers, cooperative members and personnel. They can contribute to their personal wellbeing and social security, address the federal challenge which implies implementation of national priority project as well as employment and state food security. Today agriculture in Russia is in worse condition than compared to the pre-reform period. The article presents the main trends in development of agricultural consumer cooperatives in Russia. The research involved the following focus areas for analytical study: number of agricultural cooperatives, the main parameters of agricultural consumer cooperation development, statistic data on the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives working in the Central Federal District. The authors analyzed the data on the implementation of the regional funding program considering sustainable development of rural areas through organization and development of production in private households and farm enterprises. The article indicates the directions for agricultural consumer cooperatives development in Russia.

Sustainability analysis of the cooperative form in Russian agrarian sector under institutional theory of the firm context

«Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Экономика» — научно-теоретический рецензируемый журнал, обобщающий результаты исследований ученых всего мира в различных областях науки, включая мировую экономику, историю развития экономики и экономической мысли, финансы, кредит и страхование, теорию и практику управления, статистику и учет, экономико-математическое моделирование.

Agricultural credit consumer cooperation of the Saratov region

The activity of agricultural consumer credit cooperatives in the Saratov region is analyzed. The reasons that lead to a decrease in the number of cooperatives and a decrease in individual performance indicators have been established. Proposals for solving the identified problems are given. Government support measures for this category of cooperatives are established.

Проблемы и пути развития сельскохозяйственной кооперации в Самарской области

Изучено состояние системы сельскохозяйственной кооперации в Самарской области. Рассмотрены существующие меры государственной поддержки кооперации. Выявлены основные причины, сдерживающие развитие кооперации: несовершенство законодательства; недостаточная государственная поддержка сельскохозяйственных кооперативов и доступность грантовой поддержки для сельскохозяйственных потребительских кооперативов; разрозненность сельских товаропроизводителей и кооперативов на региональном уровне; недостаток квалифицированных специалистов, готовых работать в системе сельской кооперации; высокая конкуренция со стороны крупных компаний, специализирующихся на производстве, переработке и продаже сельскохозяйственной продукции; недостаточная мотивация к созданию кооперативов и др. Для решения ряда проблем, связанных с эффективным функционированием сельскохозяйственных кооперативов и развитием системы кооперации в целом, необходимы: внесение изменений в действующее законодательство; совершенствование мер государственной поддержки малых форм хозяйствования в АПК и сельскохозяйственных потребительских кооперативов; взаимосвязанная работа кооперативного сообщества и государства.

System of measures of state support of agricultural consumer cooperation in the Saratov region

The measures of state support that agricultural consumers’ cooperatives can get in the Saratov region are systematized. They can be divided into two groups for both small and medium-sized enterprises and agricultural producers. The analysis of existing measures of state support was carried out and the most effective ones in the economic and social aspects were identified using the example of agricultural consumer cooperatives of the Saratov region. Unresolved problems in the provision of state support measures have been identified and proposals for their solution have been made.

Проблемы развития сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации в Чувашской республике на современном этапе

One of the most important forms of management in the agro-industrial complex, which shows high rates of its development, is agricultural consumer cooperation. Statistical data of monitoring of the domestic agrarian industry for 2010-2016 testify to increasing the importance of the subjects of small agribusiness in it. Nowadays it is small forms of farming in the countryside, that currently ensure the production of a significant part of agricultural production. In this regard, there are questions on state support for agricultural consumer cooperatives, as well as on the need to develop strategic plans for the development of agricultural cooperation in the regions.
 The article gives an assessment of the state of modern agricultural consumer cooperation, presents a set of problems, that agricultural consumer cooperatives face in the course of implementing its statutory activities and offers in the state support of such cooperatives, and a plan of measures to stimulate their creation in the territory of the Chuvash Republic for the period 2018-2020 years.

(Development of Mechanisms for Embedding Small Forms of Management in Food Chains)

Russian Abstract: В работе дана оценка роли малого бизнеса в сельском хозяйстве России и разработка механизмов взаимодействия малых форм хозяйствования с компаниями-интеграторами и сельскохозяйственными кооперативами. Встраивание малого бизнеса в вертикальные цепочки раскрыто на основе изучения теоретических основ и практического опыта в зарубежных странах, в основном, США и Западной Европе. Выявлены уровень и ограничения развития сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации в России с учетом профильной и региональной специфики. Изучена практика и институциональные ограничения развития контрактного сельского хозяйства в нашей стране. English Abstract: The paper assesses the role of small business in Russian agriculture and develops mechanisms for the interaction of small forms of management with integrator companies and agricultural cooperatives. Embedding of small business in vertical chains is revealed on the basis of studying of theoretical bases and practical experience in foreign countries, basically, the US and the Western Europe. The level and limitations of the development of agricultural consumer cooperation in Russia are determined, taking into account the profile and regional specifics. The practice and institutional limitations of the development of contract farming in our country were analyzed.

Развитие системы потребительской кооперации в Самарской области

В статье рассмотрено современное состояние системы потребительской кооперации в Самарской области, существующие меры государственной поддержки кооперации; выявлены проблемы, сдерживающие развитие кооперации; обоснованы направления совершенствования системы потребительской кооперации и перспективы ее развития. При анализе результатов деятельности кредитных кооперативов за 9 месяцев 2014 г. можно наблюдать увеличение показателей по отношению к 2013 г. Сумма активов сельскохозяйственных кредитных потребительских кооперативов увеличилась относительно 2013 г. на 36,5 % и составила 159,6 млн руб. Сумма привлеченных займов в 2014 г. составила более 100 млн руб., что на 31,4 млн руб. больше, чем в 2013 г., при этом сумма предоставленных займов в 2013 г. составила 137,6 млн руб., а по итогам девяти месяцев 2014 г. — 95,5 млн руб. В настоящее время все большее значение на федеральном уровне придается развитию сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации как одному из важнейших катализаторов развития сельских территорий. И если федеральный центр только в 2013 г. приступил к формированию направлений государственной политики в этой сфере, то в Самарской области целевая программа развития потребительской кооперации начала реализовываться с начала 2010 г. Учитывая задачи, стоящие перед аграрным комплексом, в том числе по сокращению зависимости отечественного продовольственного рынка от импортных поставок мяса, молока и молочной продукции, обеспечению продовольственной безопасности страны в условиях санкционного давления, необходимо стимулировать развитие животноводства и потребительской кооперации как в Самарской области, так и России в целом.

Improvement of organizational and economic mechanism in development of agrarian and industrial complex on the bases of agricultural consumer serving cooperatives

In the article the structural changes allowing to use most effectively the capacity of rural territories with participation of local authorities and active involvement in social and economic processes of their development of country people are offered, they are aimed at the development of modern forms of state regulation and the market economic mechanism used in agrarian and industrial complex through creation of multilevel system of the cooperation in the village combining efforts of municipalities, the rural builder and agricultural producers. Today in the Russian Federation counts with 7349 agricultural consumer cooperatives from which 74,5% - in providing services and processing, and among them only 1% is are cooperatives in the sphere of rural construction. Nevertheless, this direction is actual in connection with practical need of creation of rural construction system as sectors of rural economy to which the solution of such problems as reduction or elimination of disproportions of development of urban and rural areas, counteraction to real monopolists of rural building industry, etc. is assigned. Examples of introduction of this mechanism in regions of the Russian Federation are shown in article.

Priorities of Agricultural Credit Cooperation Development

Credit cooperation closely links the small forms of farming with financial market of the country and offers investors a new sphere of their capital application f. Shown importance high level of crediting limits new borrowings for updating funds and replenishment of circulating assets, especially during the period of preparation for spring field work and harvesting company. The mechanism of agricultural credit consumer cooperation functioning has been worked out as priority direction of agro-industrial complex development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n18p215