Agricultural Consumer Cooperatives Research Articles

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ КФХ ПО РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БУРЯТИЯ

Peasant farming is one of the active small forms of farming in rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia. Small business in agriculture plays an important role in the Republic of Buryatia. Small entrepreneurship in rural areas makes a certain contribution to the integrated development of rural areas. The concepts of "peasant (farmer) economy" by different authors are given. Farmers tend to produce a large number of marketable products using both their own and leased means of production and employing not only family members, but also workers. The purpose of the study is to finance the peasant (farmer) economy of the Republic of Buryatia. In the course of the research, such tasks as the consideration of the concept of "peasant (farmer) economy", the study of forms of grant support for the development of small forms of management in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Buryatia were solved. The analysis of the financing of farms in these regions and the effectiveness of the use of state support for farms is carried out. As part of the activities of the state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets, small farms have the opportunity to receive grant support, subsidies and use preferential loans. Currently, various forms of grant support are provided for the development of small businesses: "support for novice farmers", "development of family farms", "agrostartap". An assessment of the effectiveness of implementation is given: according to the results of 2021, the largest number of recipients of the grant "development of family farms", as well as recipients of a grant for the development of material and technical agricultural consumer cooperatives were recorded; the implementation of the State program On the example of LLC "Buyan" of the Kyakhtinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia, which is one of the largest farms in the Republic. The problems of the development of farms in the Republic of Buryatia are revealed. An effective system of state support for small entrepreneurship in rural areas is of great importance not only for the development of small forms of management, but also for the integrated development of rural areas of the country as a whole. The development of small-scale farming in rural areas contributes to the creation of new jobs.

Normative-essential and initiative terms of budget subsidy and budget loan agreements with the participation of agricultural consumer cooperatives

Normative-essential and initiative terms of budget subsidy and budget loan agreements with the participation of agricultural consumer cooperatives

Сельскохозяйственная кредитная потребительская кооперация как инструмент финансовой инклюзивности на селе

Abstract. Increasing the level of income and quality of life of the rural population, the creation of comfortable conditions for his residence and ensuring financial inclusiveness is the priority direction of modern state policy. The purpose of the study is an analysis of the state and trends in the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperation, as well as the substantiation of the areas of its further development in the context of increasing financial inclusiveness in the village. Methods. The theoretical and methodological base of the study was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on inclusive economic growth, state regulation and the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperation. The study used a systematic approach using methods for analyzing and synthesis, generalizations, comparisons, inductions and deduction, statistical and economic analysis. Results. The dynamics of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperation in Russia is considered. The reduction in the number of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (ACCC) under the influence of a number of negative factors, such as: the absence of the state program for their development; transmission of control and supervision functions for their activities in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; low level of income of rural residents and distrust of credit cooperation; the lack of an insurance system for contributing members of cooperatives, etc. The trend has been identified to increase the loan portfolio of ACCC, which indicates a high need for affordable loans from rural small businesses and the population. These theoretical and empirical studies reflect the close relationship between the development of credit cooperation on the village with a change in the institutional environment. Scientific novelty. The results of the study made it possible to substantiate measures to improve state policies aimed at creating a favorable institutional environment for the development of ACCC. The interrelation of the growth of the financial inclusion of rural areas and the positive dynamics of the development of ACCC is allocated.

The development of consumer cooperation in the Republic of Tatarstan and ways to improve its competitiveness

Subject. This article discusses the spatial development of the Republic of Tatarstan and improving the competitiveness of the Republic's agricultural cooperative enterprises. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of competitive advantages of agricultural enterprises on the basis of the development of cooperative relations. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, generalization, and data structuring. Results. The article offers certain methods and tools to improve the competitiveness of agricultural consumer cooperation enterprises. Conclusions. It is advisable for each particular enterprise of the consumer cooperation system of the Republic of Tatarstan to conduct an analysis of its financial and economic activities and, based on the analysis results, develop measures to improve the competitive ability.

Agricultural consumer cooperatives in Russia: state and prospects for development

In the Russian Federation, small business cooperation in rural areas plays an important social role, and the state provides great support to the development of cooperation. The paper provides an analysis of the state and areas of development of agricultural consumer cooperatives at the federal and regional levels. The analysis has showed that, against the background of a decrease in the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives, their consolidation and an increase in fixed assets are taking place. The main reasons for the slow development of cooperation in the countryside have been established. The Saratov region is one of the regions that has accumulated many years of successful experience in the agricultural consumer cooperatives activities. The experience of the Soyuz export-oriented supply and sales cooperative of the Saratov region is described. Proposals are given for the development of agricultural cooperatives, including that through the introduction of innovations and state-of-the-art digital resources and advanced training of personnel.

Ways to Increase the Competitiveness of Agricultural Consumer Cooperatives in Modern Conditions

This paper explores the problem of developing agricultural consumer cooperation enterprises and increasing their competitiveness. According to the authors, the development of agricultural cooperation can give an impetus to increasing the potential of rural areas, will solve the food security problem of the Russian Federation, and stimulate the development of national agriculture. The study identifies the main problems that hinder the development of agricultural cooperation in Russia, including the low competitiveness of these enterprises, insufficient knowledge and poor motivation of the population to create a cooperative movement, the lack of effective state support for agricultural producers from the regional and federal authorities, as well as policies pursued by large retailers, which are mainly aimed at increasing imports of agricultural products. The authors propose a comprehensive approach to solve these problems by highlighting several key priority areas. At the same time, the priority task is to increase the competitiveness of consumer cooperation enterprises and their products. The paper analyses the activities of agricultural consumer cooperation enterprises in the Republic of Tatarstan and offers recommendations to improve the competitiveness of consumer societies, in particular, by creating a wholesale distribution and logistics link for cooperation, reducing costs, and optimizing the assortment.

Методические подходы к оценке эффективности некоммерческих объединений сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей

The article analyzes modern methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the creation and functioning of non-profit associations of agricultural producers. Considerable attention is paid to the critical understanding of the compliance of legislative norms and rules, scientific developments with the practical provisions of the work of agricultural consumer cooperatives.

К ВОПРОСУ РАЗВИТИЯ КОЛЛЕКТИВНЫХ ФОРМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ В САМАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ КООПЕРАТИВНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

The concept of sustainable development of rural areas has set the tasks for the development of collective forms of farming in the countryside, the main of which are cooperatives. Developed agricultural cooperation is the most important mechanism for increasing production efficiency and social stability in society. It allows providing the population with high-quality food products of its own production, increasing the level of their income. However, activities of cooperative organizations are not covered fully enough, and activities themselves are poorly developed. Samara Oblast is one of the regions with a low development of supply, marketing and processing cooperation. At the same time, credit cooperation is developing quite actively here. The region’s administration pays attention to the development of cooperative organizations. Support is provided mainly in the form of subsidizing interest rates on loans under the State Development Program. Despite the measures taken by the regional government bodies, in recent years the region has seen a decrease in the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives. For more than twenty years, Russian agricultural cooperation has been developing in market conditions. This development is not going without problems. Heads of agricultural enterprises and of municipal districts understand that it is impossible to stabilize and increase the efficiency of the agricultural sector, to develop rural areas without the development of production cooperative organizations. Empirical material was obtained through surveying in order to form certain ideas about the rural residents’ awareness of the activities of cooperative organizations, of their involvement in the social life of the village and in the increasing of the population’s social activity. The results of the survey show that the respondents have little understanding of the activities of agricultural cooperatives. When asked about the awareness of their activities, every third respondent answered that he had heard something about cooperatives of the 1990s. For all the difficulties, the cooperative movement in the countryside is a condition for the successful promotion of food products produced by small forms of farming. Agricultural cooperation can become a serious force not only in achieving the individual goals of consumers, workers of the consumer cooperation system and shareholders, in strengthening their personal well-being and social security, but also in implementing national tasks, priority national projects, targeted programs, and ensuring the population’s employment.

Principles of development of agricultural consumer cooperation in the agricultural sector of Russia

The authors conducted research to identify and systematize the principles of development of agricultural consumer cooperation in the agricultural sector of Russia. In particular, it was noted that the agrarian reforms, the processes of integration of the country into the global economic space and the struggle for leadership in the global agri-food market led to the emergence of new forms of economic interaction, including agricultural cooperation, and forced a new perception of the principles of development of agricultural producers traditional for the socialist economy. In this paper, special attention is paid to the principles of state regulation of the activities of small businesses. Within the framework of the presented scientific development, the above-mentioned principles were refined taking into account the new economic reality and supplemented with the principles of the project approach in management. The proposed new managerial tools of state regulation of the agricultural sector based on the principles of the design approach will help to focus the efforts of governments at all levels to achieve concrete results in the framework of the National project "Creation of system of support of farmers and development of agricultural consumer cooperation", but also transfer to small businesses in the advanced level of development.

ЛИМАННОЕ ОРОШЕНИЕ НА КООПЕРАТИВНОЙ ОСНОВЕ

The need for the development of irrigated agriculture in Russia is due to the fact that more than two-thirds of its agricultural land is located in regions characterized by frequent years with high air temperatures and low rainfall during the growing season of plants. In the Soviet period, estuary irrigation played an important role in organizing fodder production on farms located in arid steppe and semi-desert regions of the Volga region. At that time, the area of each estuary irrigation system did not go beyond the boundaries of the territory of one farm - a collective farm or a state farm. However, the appearance, as a result of the agrarian transformations of the 90s of the last century, of many small owners and tenants had a negative impact on the development of estuary irrigation. On some part of the land plots of estuary systems, farms or other small farms were organized. Most of these lands, received by former workers of collective and state farms in the process of privatization in the form of land shares, are currently not used in any way. As one of the effective means of ensuring the effective functioning of estuary irrigation systems in modern conditions, the authors substantiated the formation of agricultural consumer cooperatives for land reclamation services. The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop a fodder base, which provides a significant increase in the level of efficiency of farms that traditionally specialize in the production of livestock products in arid regions. The creation of reclamation cooperatives will allow several subjects of agricultural production, operating within the boundaries of one estuary irrigation system, to jointly solve numerous problems related to irrigation on an equal basis and ensure the maximum return on the flooded hectare while reducing costs per unit of production. The advantages of organizing forage production on estuary irrigated lands on a cooperative basis are disclosed. The necessity of including a regional organization of melio-water management, which is the operator of irrigation engineering structures, is substantiated.

Роль и место не регламентированных законодательством внутрикооперативных отношений на современном этапе становления сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the development of intra-cooperative relations not regulated by legislation as one of the means of increasing the viability of agricultural consumer cooperatives in the context of modern Russian realities. Considered relationships are manifested in the practice of cooperatives in the form of following certain rules, attitudes, behavioral patterns, agreements, etc. It has been established that the underdevelopment of these relations, coupled with gaps in the cooperative legislation, is one of the reasons for the unsatisfactory rates of development of this type of cooperation in the country. Relations in the areas of management and receiving cooperative services are highlighted as the most important. Based on the study of the practice of cooperative organizations in the developed countries of the European Union and the experience of successful domestic cooperatives, the need to develop internal regulations in each cooperative containing a detailed specification of the mechanisms for implementing internal relations is substantiated. Examples of the formation of effective elements of intra-cooperative relations are given. It is concluded that the development of intra-cooperative relations corresponding to the values and principles of cooperation contributes to the filling of existing institutional voids and is a real factor in the successful development of agricultural consumer cooperation.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMER COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURE IN THE REGION

The article aims to identify the problems of development of agricultural consumer cooperatives in the Altai territory in the food supply system. The stages of changes in the number of consumer cooperatives in Russia are revealed: from 2006 to 2010 — an increase in the number, from 2011 to the present-a decrease in the number with an increase in revenue per organization, a high concentration of income in a large group of cooperatives is shown — 10.0% of cooperatives received 72.11% of the total revenue of all organizations. The paper assesses the current trends of small-scale farming in Russia. On the example of the Altai territory, the main trend of the development of households: in this category, producers reduced the number of livestock, poultry, increasing the number of bee-families; households remain the main producers of potatoes, vegetables, wool, honey commodity, milk and meat cattle, poultry; the marketability of production tends to increase, but remains low. There is practically no reserve for growth in sales volumes due to the development of production and sales cooperation, since no more than five cooperatives actually operate.

Актуализация классификации, типологизации и методологии оценки эффективности функционирования ЛПХ

The article provides an updated classification and typology of personal subsidiary plots, from the standpoint of functioning efficiency. The authors have developed an economic and psychological characteristics and given, based on their own research, an assessment of the effectiveness of types of personal subsidiary plots. The system of criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of personal subsidiary farms, taking into account the characteristics of the organizational structure, within the framework of the available research method, has been determined, consists of the following indicators: the share of private household plots in the total volume of agricultural production by all categories of farms; costs of household plots for the production of livestock products; costs of household plots for the production of crop products; profitability. The authors identified the directions for increasing their efficiency based on solving existing problems: the development of cooperative relations between private household plots and the existing forms of cooperative cooperation represented by consumer societies and agricultural consumer cooperatives; stimulating the use of small-scale mechanization devices in private household plots; digitalization of production, economics and management of private household plots and their associations; development of institutional conditions for the functioning of economic and organizational forms of organizing personal subsidiary plots: gardening, peasant (farm) economy, individual entrepreneurship, etc.

Анализ состояния и направления развития сельскохозяйственных потребительских кооперативов

The state and development area of agricultural consumer cooperatives at the federal and regional levels are analyzed. The experience of the export-oriented supply and marketing of Soyuz Cooperative (Saratov region) is discussed. Proposals for the development of agricultural cooperatives are provided.

Government incentives to the agricultural consumer cooperation development at the regional level

Subject. This article examines the state of the Republic of Dagestan's agribusiness, and the development of the system of agricultural consumer cooperation in this region, in particular. Objectives. The article aims to identify problems of agricultural consumer cooperation development in Dagestan, and develop mechanisms for the public stimulation of cooperative structures in the region. Methods. For the study, we used statistical and logical analyses. Results. The article substantiates measures to stimulate the development of agricultural consumer cooperation, including through the effective use of grant support. It proves the necessity of developing a concept of agricultural cooperation development that fits into the strategy of spatial development of the region. The article proposes certain approaches to improve consulting and methodological support for small businesses through the Competence Center. Conclusions. There is an urgent need for the formation of an effective system of agricultural consumer cooperation in the agricultural sector. It is found that low activities of some rural municipalities hinders the development of cooperatives.

Strategic directions for the development of consumer cooperation in rural areas (on the example of the south- and north-eastern regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

The revival and sustainable development of consumer cooperation in rural areas is currently one of the strategic directions of modern agricultural policy. Based on the advanced foreign and domestic experience, this is most relevant in relation to depressed rural areas, where cooperation can be a kind of driver in improving the quality of socio-economic development. Due to the development of consumer cooperatives of various forms and areas of activity, not only the problems of production, processing and marketing of agricultural products are effectively solved, but also the emergence of new non-agricultural sectors of the rural economy, its wide diversification is initiated, which contributes to the creation of new jobs, an increase in income and the quality of life of the population. Republic of Bashkortostan at the end of 2018–2019 is the leader among the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives created annually. However, the problem of their sustainability in the long term is currently acute. In addition, it is important to preserve the system of the Bashkir Union of Consumer Societies that has existed since the beginning of the 20th century and to revive it on a new market basis. Therefore, within the framework of this article, using the example of the southeastern and north-eastern regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the need to develop and implement, in addition to regional, municipal and intermunicipal strategies for the development of agricultural consumer cooperatives, including the second and third levels, for the organization of sustainable regional cooperative systems is actualized. and lifting depressed rural areas out of the crisis

Сельскохозяйственная кредитная потребительская кооперация в Уральском регионе: текущее состояние, меры по развитию

Abstract. The study of regional aspects of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (ACCC) is an urgent agenda for the growth of the agricultural economy, ensuring the availability of financial services in rural areas. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives in the Ural region. Methods. A systematic approach was applied using economic, statistical and analytical methods. The theoretical basis of the study was the publications of modern domestic and foreign scientists on the economic, institutional aspects of the formation, functioning and development of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives. Results. The dynamics of development of the Ural regional sector of the agricultural credit consumer cooperation industry is considered. The peculiarities of the ACCC of the Urals are noted, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are identified, in which the highest rates of reduction in the number of ACCC are observed. Barriers to the development of the cooperation industry in the Ural region are outlined. The role of regional government bodies in supporting the Ural ACCC in the framework of the implementation of state programs for the development of agro-industrial complexes is revealed, the areas of concentration of the largest ACCC are identified. The assessment of the market strategy of the Ural ACCC in the modern conditions of activity restrictions is given. The paper notes that the determining factor in the formation of a single mechanism for the implementation of the state policy of the industry in the regions is the development of regional target programs for the development of cooperation, representing a set of planned activities, interrelated in terms of tasks, timing of implementation, executors and resources. The directions for supporting the industry were noted, including measures to deregulate the activities of the ACCC. The theoretical significance of the study is the development of approaches to a set of measures for the development of the ACCC. The practical significance of the study lies in the formation of possible future studies of the management of the ACCC in the conditions of remote channels for the provision of financial services, expanding their range. Scientific novelty. Substantiated measures that allow to form a modern system of agricultural consumer credit cooperation in the regions.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ НЕ РЕГЛАМЕНТИРОВАННЫХ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВОМ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИХ КООПЕРАТИВАХ

The development of intra-cooperative relations not regulated by state legislation, provided that they are formed in accordance with cooperative principles and values, is considered in the article as one of the most important means of effective forming agricultural consumer cooperation in Russia. The aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches to the study of these economic relations in order to identify in the future those of them that contribute to the filling of institutional voids and are a real economic resource for the progressive development of cooperation. The relationships in question are manifested in economic practice in the form of adherence to certain attitudes, patterns of behavior, rules, beliefs, agreements, etc. They can be both formalized in the internal regulations of the cooperative’s activities, and informal. In an agricultural consumer cooperative, there are two main blocks of relations: the relationship of the cooperative with its members and the relationship between the members of the cooperative. As the main tools for obtaining information, it is proposed to use methods of studying documents (charter and internal regulations of the cooperative’s activities) and polling. For the survey, it is proposed to form several groups of respondents: ordinary members of cooperatives, representatives of their governing bodies, heads of cooperative organizations at the regional level, specialists of cooperative revision unions, competent representatives of science. The methods used and the content of the surveys differ depending on the categories of respondents. Thus, it is advisable to conduct polls of experts from the scientific community in the form of a conversation, while a significant part of the questions should be focused on identifying economic practices that are useful from the standpoint of ensuring the viability of a cooperative enterprise. The questionnaire is also recommended to include questions aimed at identifying informal intra-cooperative relationships that conflict with the principles of organizing cooperative activities and lead to the liquidation of the cooperative or its transformation into other forms. In the proposed answers to some questions, it is advisable to include information about the forms of implementation of intra-cooperative relations useful for the development of a cooperative, obtained on the basis of studying advanced foreign experience. The approaches proposed in the article are aimed at considering intra-cooperative relations not regulated by legislation as one of the full-fledged objects of scientific research that contribute to increasing the viability of an agricultural consumer cooperative.

Methodological approaches to evaluating the financial position of agricultural consumer cooperatives

Subject. As non-profit entities, agricultural consumer cooperatives are supposed to deal with not only economic, but also social issues in the rural area. The article studies key criteria and indicators of the financial position of analyzable cooperatives. Objectives. We refine the technique for evaluating and identifying the main issues that influence the financial position of cooperatives. The study analyzes and determines the main groups of metrics and computes the comprehensive integral indicators of the financial position of the analyzable entities. Methods. We scrutinize proceedings by the Russian and foreign scholars and apply the systems approach, a set of research methods and their techniques, such as the economic-statistical method, balance sheet method, abstraction logic method, grouping, comparison, which we use to statistically process the data, interpret them and make respective conclusions. Results. Some market actors were found to be highly solvent, but liquidity ratios significantly exceed the benchmarks, indicating that resources were not rather reasonably used. As long as the cooperatives have unstable financial results, equity was negative for the entire period, which affected some metrics of financial sustainability. Business operations of the cooperatives was not stable either, though the turnover of resources and capital did not exceed six months. We tested the technique for evaluating the financial position of cooperatives by pointing out three key blocks that had a set of principal indicators. We also determined the comprehensive integral indicator that enabled us to make a year-on-year comparison. Conclusions. To strengthen its financial positions, agricultural consumer cooperatives of the region should increment their equity, expand the scale and types of their operations

Об эффективности деятельности сельскохозяйственных кооперативов в России

Abstract. The relevance of the presented material are justified by the fact that agrarian cooperation, first, is considered today as the most important condition for the successful functioning of agrarian sector of the economy and the preservation of rural areas, second, is under the close attention of the government, third, is characterized by low efficiency, despite the considerable efforts of theorists and practitioners. Research objective is scrupulous studying of a condition of cooperative activity in the Russian Federation in general and its regions in particular therefore materials about the efficiency assessment of domestic agricultural consumer cooperatives activity are presented in article (including in the Ural Federal District). Results. The main determinants of inefficient activity of agricultural consumer cooperatives in Russia (confirmed by calculations and analysis of corresponding economic indicators) are such circumstances as low readiness of producers for any integrative processes due to inadequacy of informal institutions; obstacles for introduction of entrepreneurial models into cooperative activities by formal institutions; limited resources at the disposal of cooperatives (including financial); non-compliant quality of human capital; inability to implement the traditional cooperative model in the current environment. Scientific novelty. The results are positively correlated with trends in the institutional environment. At the same time, the data of theoretical and empirical studies, on the basis of which, first of all, modern achievements of cooperative science and generalized material of practical activity of agricultural consumer cooperatives, allow not only to identify the main trends and tendencies in the development of domestic agricultural consumer cooperatives, but also to identify the reasons for their slow development.