Agribusiness Sector Research Articles

Classification of agricultural activities costs in accounting and control in the conditions of using geo- information technologies

Introduction. Activities in the agribusiness sector are characterized by significant variability of costs, which can be explained by the specific organizational and technological features of agricultural production. Among such industry-specific characteristics of the agricultural sphere, in the context of the digitization of socio-economic processes, the impact of geo-information technologies (GIS technologies) is pertinent. For the purpose of effective agribusiness management utilizing modern geo-information technologies, the identification and systematization of costs from the perspective of accounting and control are essential. Operating with high-quality and comprehensive accounting information about agribusiness expenses is an element of management efforts aimed at minimizing and optimizing them, thus defining the relevance of the topic and enabling the formulation of the article’s objective.Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify and classify agribusiness expenses from the standpoint of accounting and control within the framework of implementing advanced geo-information technologies in the management of agricultural enterprises.Methods. In the process of conducting this scientific research, a systematic methodological approach was employed in conjunction with innovative, functional methods, and methodological tools of synthesis, bibliographic, and comparative analysis.Results. The importance and relevance of classifying expenses of agricultural enterprises from the standpoint of accounting and control in agribusiness have been substantiated. The affiliation of classification criteria of agribusiness expenses to three groups (general, industry-specific, specialized) has been explained based on considering the industry-specific functioning of agricultural enterprises. The classification of agribusiness expenses has been carried out according to classification criteria: Inclusion in cost price, Participation in production, Changes in agro-production volume, Economic elements, Expense categories, Production type, Agribusiness stages, Uniform composition, Calculation units, Recognition, Occurrence period, Calendar period, Reporting period, Innovativeness, Capitalization, Appropriateness, Controllability, Relevance, Anticipated occurrence, Extraordinariness, Organic nature, Others. The impact of implementing modern information and communication technologies in the operations of agricultural enterprises on the classification of expenses in agribusiness has been examined. The advantages of utilizing geo-information technologies in expense accounting and control in agribusiness have been identified.Perspectives. The implementation of digitalization advantages in accounting and management processes using geo-information technologies requires the refinement of the methodology for agribusiness expense accounting and control, which will be the subject of subsequent scientific investigations.

The Role of Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) Towards Doubling Farmers' Income: The Case of Kerala, India

This paper describes the proactive interventions and positive impacts made by SFAC Kerala in the agribusiness sector. As we all know, doubling farmers' income is the main target of the country's agriculture sector during this period. SFAC Kerala also strives to achieve the same goal. Here, the performance of the 54 agribusiness units initiated by SFAC Kerala in the last five years (from the 2017-18 financial year to the 2021-2022 financial year) duration has been considered for analysis and interpretation. Census methodology has been adopted in this study. Primary data was collected from all the above agencies through the telephonic interview method. Barring a decline phase during the Covid pandemic, SFAC's efforts towards doubling farmers' income have been successful. The average monthly income of farmers has increased by over sixty percent in the last five financial years. If the current growth rate is maintained, SFAC will achieve the target of doubling farmers' income within a minimum of five financial years through the agribusiness sector. Advanced technology adoption and professional management approach in the field of agribusiness are more helpful in the journey towards it.

Intrinsic Retention: Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, Affective Organizational Commitment, and Extrinsic Retention: Continuance Organizational Commitment, Pay Satisfaction; and, Knowledge Sharing Behavior.

This research evaluated the employee perspective of job retention strategy and its relationship with knowledge-sharing behavior. It has given insight pertaining to employee turnover reduction and securing the sharing of knowledge behavior. A research assessment form was used to collect data. The questions were adapted from previous related studies. Convergence validity and reliability tests were used for scale- items, discriminant validity, and correlation coefficients were used for scale’s linear relationship, and hierarchical regression to analyze significant predictors and relationships. The three hundred twenty-six (326) target employee respondents were surveyed. They were randomly selected from different types of agribusiness sectors. The research results showed that employees’ perspectives on variables such as intrinsic retention affective organizational commitment (IRAOC) and extrinsic retention pay satisfaction (ERPS) revealed the highest positive relationship and significant predictor to knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). Both intrinsic retention (IR) and extrinsic retention (ER), overall, had a positive impact and highly significant predictor of KSB outcome, ER was most observed to have a positive relationship and highly significant predictor of KSB in Agribusiness enterprises. The research only studied the Agribusiness sector of the Philippines registered MSMEs in the Northern Mindanao region specific to Bukidnon province. The data collected were solely quantitative. And it only focused on the employees. Further studies would be preferred to study the owner or employer perspective and expand the scope of the study. The enterprise could use the importance of incorporating extrinsic and intrinsic retention strategies and practices to avoid employee turnover in the agribusiness sector and secure knowledge to be shared among employees. This research incorporated job retention strategies as intrinsic or extrinsic. Each retention strategy has been defined according to its nature of retaining employees. This has been presented clearly and each has been assessed in its relationship to knowledge-sharing behavior. Keywords were Intrinsic Retention: Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, Affective Organizational Commitment, Extrinsic Retention: Continuance Organizational Commitment, Pay Satisfaction; and, Knowledge Sharing Behavior.

Large and powerful or small and lovely: opinions of first-generation agricultural entrepreneurs on agribusiness success factors

India’s economy is based on agriculture, so agricultural entrepreneurship has the potential to boost economic growth, diversify national income, and create many jobs and business opportunities. The goal of this paper, then, is to find out what first-generation agricultural entrepreneurs think about the things that make an agribusiness successful. The data were collected from 22 districts in four geographical zones (East Zone, West Zone, North Zone, and South Zone) in the state of Haryana. Both a 5-point Likert scale and a 7-point semantic differential scale were used to rate the items. The data was looked at using both descriptive statistics and the Friedman nonparametric test. In this study, we found that the majority of first-generation agribusiness owners were men, and they tended to be sole proprietors of small businesses with fewer than 10 employees. The finding also indicates that advanced storage and transportation facilities, market information, product quality, cutting-edge technology, and the careful management of financial resources are the topmost necessities for the successful operation of any agribusiness. The study also found that the size of the firm has a positive and statistically significant impact on the opinions of first-generation agripreneurs on business and production, marketing, competition, and financial and human resource management. The study recommends that policymakers and development agencies should focus on providing support to agripreneurs in terms of infrastructure, market access, and technological advancements. Additionally, efforts should be made to encourage more first-generation agripreneurs to enter the agribusiness sector by providing them with the necessary resources and training.

Analysis on the Added Value of Excelsa Coffee (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei) in Wonosalam, Jombang

The district of Wonosalam in Jombang, Indonesia, harbors significant potential in the agribusiness sector, with a particular focus on Excelsa coffee. Excelsa coffee is currently being cultivated with the vision of establishing it as a signature commodity of Wonosalam. This study is dedicated to analyzing the value transformation that occurs during the conversion of coffee cherries into green beans, further processing of green beans into roasted beans, and providing recommendations for enhancing added value. The study employed a purposive sampling technique, with data analysis conducted using the Hayami method. Nineteen respondents engaged in Excelsa coffee processing participated in the study. The findings of this study demonstrate that the conversion of cherries into Excelsa coffee green beans and the subsequent transformation of green beans into roasted beans indeed contribute to increased value. Specifically, the added value of green beans for Excelsa coffee amounts to IDR 1,153 per kilogram, while the added value for red-picked Excelsa coffee reaches IDR 4,458 per kilogram. Furthermore, the added value of Random Excelsa coffee roast beans is calculated at IDR 12,525 per kilogram, with red-picked Excelsa coffee roast beans achieving an added value of IDR 35,525 per kilogram. To further enhance the added value of Excelsa coffee, improvements can be made in post-harvest quality and downstream processing of coffee.

Financing for sustainable food systems: The role of the vending sector

The agribusiness sector needs substantial funding to initiate an ecological transition involving healthy diets and the creation of local circuits and linkages. One sector that has yet to be studied from this perspective is vending, whose importance is confirmed by its profits, especially in Italy. At present, the vending sector cannot be considered sustainable as it rarely contributes to the development of healthy diets and local economies with low environmental impact. There are cases of products with suitable characteristics that can push the sector towards more sustainable dynamics, but such products often do not achieve the success they deserve for various socioeconomic reasons. Access to financial investment or alternative modes of financing could help small and medium-sized enterprises in the sector overcome these difficulties.

Reconsidering agricultural credits and agricultural production nexus from a global perspective

AbstractAccess to credit has been a key component in protecting a country's agriculture sector against uncertainties and climate‐related shocks. Agricultural credits may also increase both agribusiness sectors' and farming‐related commercial activities' exposure to world markets. This study aims to investigate agricultural credits' short‐run and long‐run effects on agricultural production using control variables such as foreign direct investments, inflation rate, and government expenditures. We found that credits to agriculture affect value‐added agriculture positively in the long‐run; specifically, when agricultural credits increase by 1%, value‐added agriculture will increase by 0.19%; that is, an increase in credits to the agricultural sector leads to a significant increase in value‐added agriculture, while FDI and government size both reduce agricultural value‐added across countries. The findings of the pairwise causation test show that bidirectional causal links exist among almost all variables, validating feedback among agricultural value‐added, credit to agriculture, FDI, government expenditures, and inflation.

Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L) dengan Pemberian Beberapa Dosis Pupuk NPK

Abstract - The use of several varieties of green beans supported by NPK fertilizer and relatively easy cultivation techniques means this plant has good prospects as a business opportunity in the agribusiness sector because demand is quite large yearly. This research aimed to evaluate the appropriate dose of NPK fertilizer for the growth of several Mung Bean varieties. This research used a Randomized Block Design to treat several green bean varieties, Vima 1, Vima 2 and Vima 3. At the same time, the NPK fertilizer doses were P0 (without fertilizer), P1 (100 kg/ha), P2 (150 kg/ha) and P3 (200 kg /Ha). The research showed that fertilizer application only affected plant height, number of pods per plant and seed production per ha. At the same time, several varieties affected plant height and seed production per ha. The interaction of fertilizer application and several varieties significantly affects seed production per ha. Based on research results, applying fertilizer at a dose of 200 kg/ha gave the highest results in the growth and production of green beans. Based on the results of this research, it is also known that using several green bean varieties shows that the V-3 variety provides the best results in growth, and the V-2 variety provides the best results in production.

Agriculture 6.0: A New Proposal for the Future of Agribusiness

Objective: The purpose of the research is to understand the technological evolution of agriculture over the years and propose a new perspective for the practices that are becoming established in agribusiness. Theoretical framework: The study analyzes agricultural activities practiced from the beginning of agriculture up to the present day to demonstrate the trends that are likely to gain strength in this sector in the coming years. Method: The investigation aimed to be descriptive. Bibliographic and documentary research were used as methodological procedures. Results and conclusion: The findings suggest that the agribusiness sector is transitioning into a novel phase termed Agriculture 6.0, wherein sustainability assumes a pivotal role in business advancement. A paradigmatic shift is observed in production processes, characterized by an ongoing pursuit of ecosystem preservation and restoration, in congruence with the aspirations of future generations for an improved quality of life. Research implications: The proposal of a new technological model that characterizes the evolution of agricultural activities is focused on defining concepts, systems, technologies/services, and areas of study. This enables agribusiness organizations to gain a deeper understanding of the transformations occurring in the macro-environment, thereby considering these aspects in their planning processes. Originality/value: Brazil is one of the world's largest agricultural producers and exporters. Therefore, in order to continue solidifying itself as a sustainable supplier of food, fibers, and other agricultural products, the country needs to remain attentive to the changes demanded by the environment and the trends that are gaining strength in the current scenario.

Exploring the development scope of crop-based agribusiness farms in Bangladesh

Agribusiness is one of the most important sectors of the economy in Bangladesh, making a significant contribution to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment generation. To cope with the international business environment, developing the agribusiness sector in Bangladesh is essential. This study aims to assess the current status, challenges, and future potential of crop-based agribusiness farms in the country. Cross-sectional data were collected from 60 participants using purposive sampling. Frequency distribution tables were generated, and descriptive statistics were employed for data presentation. The results of the study showed that 60% of respondents from crop-based agribusiness farms faced financial crises when starting their businesses. 40% of respondents stated that the lack of experience is the primary challenge for exporting agribusiness products to international markets. Price fluctuation was mentioned as a significant threat by 48.3% of respondents. Moreover, 83.3% of respondents stated that the existing training institutions are insufficient for entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Respondents also identified some other challenges, such as decreased revenues due to COVID-19, low adoption of advanced technologies, lack of high-quality products, and unfavorable government policies. Policymakers should prioritize incorporating frontier technologies, implementing favorable policies, maintaining price stability, facilitating bank loans, and establishing new training institutions to address existing drawbacks. Furthermore, researchers identified future research areas that offer opportunities to advance theoretical boundaries and gain further insights into the study of agribusiness sectors.

Impact of Digital Marketing among Farmers in Agribusiness with Reference to Vivek Enterprises, Holenarasipura, Hassan

The Internet & digitalization have changed the entire world. Like other sectors, business of agriculture has taken up digital marketing or internet marketing and expanding to new boundaries and providing services better than the conventional marketing places. In an age marked by technological advancement and evolving marketing practices, this study delves the Impact of Digital Marketing among Farmers in Agribusiness with reference to Vivek Enterprises, Holenarasipura, Hassan. While digital marketing offers numerous advantages such as cost-efficiency, time savings, accessibility, and flexibility. It is aimed to assess farmers' perceptions of digital marketing, gauge its impact on their operations, and discern the positive and negative consequences of its integration into the agricultural business landscape. The significance of this paper determines the impact and to know the potential of digital marketing in the agribusiness sector and to understand how digital marketing in agriculture is better than retail marketing and to know the satisfaction level in farmers towards digital marketing in agribusiness

Knowledge Management and Interorganizational Networks of the Wine Industry

Interorganizational networks have stood out in the agribusiness sector as arrangements in which people collaborate and cooperate to obtain external knowledge resources, and to drive innovation and sustainability. Therefore, knowledge management (KM), through its practices and processes, assists in the creation and sharing of knowledge collaboratively among network participants. The present study aims to analyze the knowledge processes adopted in interorganizational networks of the Portuguese wine supply chain. The research is applied in nature and adopts a qualitative approach through a descriptive exploratory study. The multiple case study method was used, carried out in three wine networks in the wine regions of Tagus and Alentejo in Portugal. Field data were collected using the interview technique, supported by a semi-structured script. The results indicate that the companies participating in the networks have common goals: to access external knowledge resources, reach international markets, develop product innovations, and create sustainable brands. However, the findings also allow us to consider that access to knowledge resources depends on the capacity of each company in the network. Thus, the mere formation of networks does not guarantee that the dissemination of knowledge will occur.

Economic Feasibility of Modified Cassava Flour Milling in Gunungkidul Region, Indonesia: A Value-Added Agribusiness Venture

This study embarked on the evaluation of the feasibility of constructing a Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) mill in the Gunungkidul Region of Indonesia, a significant cassava producer yet underutilizing its potential due to traditional, low-yield production techniques. The goal was to enhance MOCAF production and leverage its benefits, such as a low glycemic index, to meet contemporary dietary trends. Employing cost-benefit analysis, supported by key financial metrics including Net Present Value (NPV) and Payback Period (PP), we sought to establish the financial viability of this proposed agribusiness venture. Our analysis covered various factory feasibility aspects including market, marketing, technical, technological, human resources, management, environmental, legality, and risk factors. Results indicated the feasibility of the MOCAF mill construction in KWT Ngudi Rejeki, Ngestirejo, Tanjungsari, Gunungkidul DIY, both in operational and financial terms. The mill’s projected payback period was significantly shorter than the maximum threshold (6 years versus 10 years), and the NPV was positive at IDR 49,587,106 over ten years. This study implies that developing MOCAF mills could be a strategic move towards agro-industrial development and food security, advancing the value addition of cassava and providing an attractive investment opportunity for stakeholders in the agribusiness sector.

Effects of Breed Differences and Parities on Milk Proximate and Mineral Compositions in Nigerian Cattle Breeds under the Extensive System

Introduction: Milk production from indigenous cattle breeds in Nigeria represents an important component of the agribusiness sector of the smallholder economy with great economic, nutritional, and social implications. Materials and methods: Three farms in the study location were chosen and 90 cows of three breeds of Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani, and Red Bororo in each farm, were used for the present study (total 270 cows). The cows of each farm were chosen equally based on parity (1-3). In this study, 5 ml of milk sample was collected from each cow in the morning for analysis of milk proximate and mineral composition. The analytical parameters included protein, fat, ash, moisture, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and sodium in milk. Results: The results revealed that the parity of the three breeds significantly affected the milk proximate and mineral compositions. In the first parity, White Fulani cow milk was significantly higher in milk protein at 4.52%, followed by Red Bororo and Sokoto Gudali at 3.97% and 3.91%, respectively. Sokoto Gudali was significantly higher in milk fat at 3.18%, followed by Red Bororo at 2.89% and White Fulani at 2.76%. White Fulani was significantly higher in milk moisture at 84.56%, followed by Sokoto Gudali at 82.72% and Red Bororo at 81.13%. Red Bororo was significantly higher in milk phosphorus at 375.62 mg/L and sodium at 71.22 mg/L. In the second parity, only moisture, calcium, and sodium differed significantly among the breeds. White Fulani and Red Bororo were significantly higher in moisture at 83.75% and 83.43%, respectively. On the other hand, Sokoto Gudali were significantly higher in calcium at 614.94 mg/L and sodium at 68.76 mg/L. White Fulani and Red Bororo had significantly lower calcium levels at 560.50 mg/L and 555.42 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, White Fulani had significantly lower levels of sodium at 61.25 mg/L. In the third parity, White Fulani was significantly higher in milk protein at 4.16%, calcium at 611.48 mg/L, and sodium at 75.33 mg/L. Red Bororo was significantly higher in fat at 3.75% and calcium at 626.99 mg/L. Sokoto Gudali was significantly higher in sodium at 75.36 mg/L. In overall, first parity cows were significantly higher in milk protein at 4.11%. Milk fat, ash, calcium, and sodium increased with number of parity. The third parity was significantly higher in milk fat (3.29%), ash (0.43%), calcium (599.58 mg/L), and sodium (71.77 mg/L) levels. Conclusion: By increasing parity in Nigerian cows, the chemical composition of milk will be improved which can be considered for future studies on these breeds.

PERILAKU KONSUMTIF BELANJA KULINER MELALUI ONLINE PADA MAHASISWA BARU FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA TAHUN 2022

This study aims to determine the characteristics, analyze consumptive behavior and habits of using online motorcycle taxis in culinary shopping for new students of the Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in 2022 and their relationships, and examine culinary business opportunities in the agribusiness sector. The research sample consisted of 81 students using the snowball sampling technique. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative, descriptive quantitative, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The results showed that: (1) Characteristics of students who shop for culinary goods through online motorcycle taxis: Most are 18 years old, the majority are women, most are Agribusiness students, have pocket money between IDR 600,000 – IDR 1,000,000, the amount additional income is mostly IDR 0, a source of income comes from parents. The type of online motorcycle taxi application that is often used is Gojek (Go-Food). Culinary through online motorcycle taxis shows quite consumptive behavior (3) Students are accustomed to using online motorcycle taxi applications in culinary shopping (4) There is a significant relationship between student consumptive behavior and the habit of using online motorcycle taxi applications in culinary shopping with a moderate level of relationship (5) Business Organic noodles can be used as a culinary business opportunity in the agribusiness sector.

Status of agribusiness enterprises in Nigeria: evidence from World Bank Enterprise Survey data

PurposeThis study aims to focus on assessing the status of agribusiness enterprises in Nigeria. The specific goals were to ascertain the level of performance of different categories of agribusiness enterprises, and determine the institutional and firm-level characteristics that influence agribusiness performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on secondary data. These data were sourced from the World Bank business enterprise survey. The World Bank Enterprise survey employed a purposive sampling technique to select major staple agribusiness categories in Nigeria. The categories selected were those included in the World Bank's categorization of agribusiness enterprises. These categories include tobacco, food, textiles, leather, garments, paper industries and wood. The individual firms included in the survey were randomly selected from the selected agribusiness categories. In total, 721 agribusiness firms were selected. Data were analyzed with multiple linear regression at a 5% probability level.FindingsThe result of the analysis showed that small-scale agribusiness enterprises have the best performance based on an average of the five performance indicators considered in this study. The determinants of agribusiness performance showed that the credit constraint, size of enterprise, bureaucracy and corruption negatively and significantly affected the performance of agribusiness enterprises in the country, while the gender and educational status of the top manager were positively significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings imply that small agribusinesses are instrumental in the development of the agribusiness sector and by extension the economy of the nation.Originality/valueThis study enhances the understanding of how best to deliver improved system-level performance policy and wealth creation, especially within the agribusiness subsector.

Enhancing Sustainability: Leveraging ESG Indicators to Evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in the Agribusiness Sector

Objetivo: analisar as ações de responsabilidade social das grandes empresas setor de agronegócio no Brasil a fim de compreender de que maneira estão lidando com questões de sustentabilidade Método: esta pesquisa é classificada como documental e exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo para o tratamento dos dados. Principais resultados: os resultados analisam e comparam políticas voltadas para a gestão do meio ambiente, bem-estar animal, gestão social e governança corporativa da JBS, Raízen Energia, Cosan, Ambev, e Marfrig Global Foods. Relevância/originalidade: o estudo tem caráter inédito e apresenta uma análise das políticas de sustentabilidade em um dos segmentos mais relevantes para a economia brasileira. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: o estudo contribui para discussões sobre as políticas sustentáveis elaboradas por grandes empresas de agronegócio no Brasil, interpretando a maneira como elas são colocadas em prática e como as empresas se beneficiam disso.

Voluntary and enforced tax compliance determinants and impact among agrochemical businesses in Ghana

PurposeThis paper examined tax compliance and its impact on agrochemical traders in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachBased on the registered agrochemical lists obtained from the Plant Protection and Regulatory Service Department, 92 agrochemical traders were sampled for data collection. Probit regression was used to estimate determinants of tax compliance, whereas the Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment Model was employed to evaluate the impact of tax compliance on business performance.FindingsThe results revealed that age and gender relate positively to enforced tax compliance, while education positively impacts voluntary tax compliance. Nonetheless, tax rate, trust and monthly sales positively affect voluntary tax compliance but negatively impact enforced tax compliance. Inversely, while authorities’ power negatively impacted voluntary compliance, it positively influenced enforced tax compliance confirming the Slippery Slope Framework.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the authors, this paper is the first to investigate tax compliance determinants and impact among agrochemical traders, despite the tremendous growth of the agrochemical sub-sector in Africa and Ghana. Therefore, this study makes a modest contribution to empirical studies that validate the Slippery Slope Framework in promoting tax compliance in the agricultural and agribusiness sectors of a developing country. Similarly, it also unearths the impact of tax compliance on agribusiness growth which has yet to be highlighted in the extant literature.

Biostimulants Improve Yield and Quality in Preharvest without Impinging on the Postharvest Quality of Hass Avocado and Mango Fruit: Evaluation under Organic and Traditional Systems

The fruit agribusiness sector is one of the most dynamic in Colombia. Within this sector, avocado and mango are of great importance, both in terms of area planted and volume exported. Increasing the productivity, quality, and postharvest life of these fruits is a priority, due to the high losses that occur in the preharvest and postharvest stages. One current alternative to achieve this are biostimulants, which have the potential to improve the productivity and quality of fruit. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the preharvest application of two biostimulants on the yield and quality of avocados and mangos. The study was carried out in production systems for cv. Hass avocado (traditional and organic) and cv. Keitt mango (traditional). In each system, two treatments were evaluated: conventional and conventional + biostimulant. Under field conditions, yield and quality variables such as weight, number of fruits, visual appearance, and size were determined. In postharvest, the fruits obtained from preharvest treatments were subjected to two storage conditions (6 and 20 °C) during the ripening process. Postharvest quality variables such as respiration, ethylene rates, weight loss, color index, firmness, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity were evaluated. The results indicated that the use of biostimulants caused a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the yield, number of fruits, and preharvest quality parameters of size and weight, without negatively affecting the postharvest quality of the fruits. The biostimulant increases the total weight of fruits in organic and conventional avocado by ~55 and 25%, respectively, while in mango, this figure increased by ~23%. Hence, biostimulants can be utilized to increase the productivity of fruit trees.

Analysis of CSR in Costa Rica Agribusiness: Its influence on Cooperation, Innovation and Performance.

Corporate Social Responsibility in developing countries has become an emerging field of research. In this paper a model of structural equations is proposed to analyze the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility actions and its influence on Cooperation, Innovation and Performance in the agribusiness sector located in Costa Rica. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the conceptual relationship model and explain the associations among variables. The model results suggest that CSR and Innovation positively influence Performance. On the contrary, it seems that Cooperation does not have an influence on Performance.