Agribusiness Model Research Articles

ANALISIS AKSESIBILITAS PETANI PERKOTAAN TERHADAP AGROINPUT DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN URBAN FARMING

Urban Farming is growing rapidly and becoming as a part of the solution for food insecurityand malnutrition problems of urban citizen. But, the facilitation and development of urbanfarming have not been able to overcome problems and pressure faced by urban farmers mainlyaccessibility to agroinput yet. Objectives of this research were to 1) identify the problems ofagroinput, 2) to know accessibility of farmer to agroinput, 3) to analyze the policy implicationto the development of urban farming. The research used an explanatory survey method.Sampling method used waspurposive stratified random sampling. Availability of agroinput andfarmer’s accessibility were quantified using Likert’s Scale. Respondents were member offarmer’s group of paddy agribusiness, sheep, and processing of agriculture products. Thisresearch was conducted in the villages of Situ Gede and Margajaya for intra-urban, and PasirBuncir and Pasir Eurih of Tamansari for peri-urban.The observed variables are land, water,seeds/seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, technologyas well as labor.Results of the study:1)agroinput that are difficult to access by farmers are land, labor, feed concentrate, fertilizer, andseed.Paddy land ownership in peri-urban is less than 0.2 Ha and in intra-urban areas are landlessfarmers. Outside labor is difficult to access because of itslimited amount or availibility and thewages is relatively expensive. Feed concentrate for sheep rarely available and not affordablebecause it’s expensive. Limited accessibility to agroinput for urban agribusiness and itsproblems and challenge will bring changing policy implication for developing urban farming,mainly for facilitation, development of urban agribusiness model, empowering institusional, andregulatory.

ANALISIS AKSESIBILITAS PETANI PERKOTAAN TERHADAP AGROINPUT DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN URBAN FARMING

Urban Farming is growing rapidly and becoming as a part of the solution for food insecurity and malnutrition problems of urban citizen. But, the facilitation and development of urbanfarming have not been able to overcome problems and pressure faced by urban farmers mainlyaccessibility to agroinput yet. Objectives of this research were to 1) identify the problems ofagroinput, 2) to know accessibility of farmer to agroinput, 3) to analyze the policy implicationto the development of urban farming. The research used an explanatory survey method.Sampling method used waspurposive stratified random sampling. Availability of agroinput andfarmer’s accessibility were quantified using Likert’s Scale. Respondents were member offarmer’s group of paddy agribusiness, sheep, and processing of agriculture products. Thisresearch was conducted in the villages of Situ Gede and Margajaya for intra-urban, and PasirBuncir and Pasir Eurih of Tamansari for peri-urban.The observed variables are land, water,seeds/seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, technologyas well as labor.Results of the study:1)agroinput that are difficult to access by farmers are land, labor, feed concentrate, fertilizer, andseed.Paddy land ownership in peri-urban is less than 0.2 Ha and in intra-urban areas are landlessfarmers. Outside labor is difficult to access because of itslimited amount or availibility and thewages is relatively expensive. Feed concentrate for sheep rarely available and not affordablebecause it’s expensive. Limited accessibility to agroinput for urban agribusiness and itsproblems and challenge will bring changing policy implication for developing urban farming,mainly for facilitation, development of urban agribusiness model, empowering institusional, andregulatory.

Implementation of Agribusiness model in a food processing industry to reduce potato losses: A case study

The potato processing industry is emerging as a fast-growing industry because of budding urbanisation, changing food habits, increase in per capita income, and liking for ready-cooked snacks. XYZ Ltd. is one of the earliest and major entrants in the food processing sector in India. The company was facing huge agro losses and to overcome these losses it initiated the implementation of innovative agro practices. It was the first multinational company to introduce collaborative farming for producing process-grade potatoes. The implementation of agro initiatives remained successful, and significant tangible and intangible benefits were achieved. As a result of the improvement, the tuber yield improved by 7.7%, savings on buying potatoes increased up to INR 19.1 million, with storage and transportation costs reduced by INR 3.0 million. In this paper, a case study to highlight the benefits achieved after the implementation of innovative agricultural initiatives in the company is demonstrated.

BCT-AA: A Survey of Blockchain Technology-Based Applications in Context With Agribusiness

Today blockchain technology (BCT) has almost covered every sector from MedChain to blockchain-powered IBM. There are numbers of blockchain based applications coined out, after the invention of world-famous cryptocurrency. This survey paper presents many previous works in the field of blockchain technology, and its applications related to business. The paper also discusses the merits and scenarios through current advancement of the agribusiness sector. It is observed that the transparency and trust of blockchain technology with its popular network architecture (using blocks of data and information) can benefit agribusiness in several dimensions. We have also proposed a blockchain-based agribusiness model for information transparency and improving the efficiency of the public sector.

Review and prospection for food and agricultural business model innovations in emerging economies

Even for industries that are traditionally being perceived as ‘traditional,’ such as the food and agriculture ones, business models and its innovations are critical for the industries’ sustainable development. Nine interesting articles in this special issue are reviewed with sincere prospections that might push the research and practical frontiers further. Suggestions in cross-level investigations, international and diverse contexts and research practices, as well as the interactive, dynamic, and evolutionary intersections between the technological and managerial sub-systems of food and agribusiness model innovations are discussed.

La investigación del consenso en las luchas por la hegemonía: una propuesta metodológica y su ejemplificación en el agro pampeano actual

El presente trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto que procura desarrollar estrategias metodológicas para analizar el consenso en las disputas por la hegemonía. No contamos con una interfaz que vincule las cuestiones teóricas más abstractas de la teoría de la hegemonía con las técnicas de investigación desarrolladas por las ciencias sociales. Con el objetivo de avanzar sobre esta cuestión, hemos elaborado un enfoque teórico-metodológico para estudiar la eficacia interpelativa de las propuestas que procuran ser hegemónicas. Luego de presentar sintéticamente esta propuesta, procuramos ejemplificar su utilidad mediante la exposición de los resultados de una investigación sobre la construcción de hegemonía del modelo de los agronegocios en el agro pampeano actual.

Assessment of livelihood wellbeing and empowerment of hill women through Farmers Producer Organization: A case of women based Producer Company in Uttarakhand

Hill agriculture is different from agriculture at plains, in respect to land type, altitude and climate, in addition to lack of infrastructure and fragmented land holding. Due to lack of employment opportunities hill farmers are leaving agriculture and migrating to plains. Lack of industries and marketing infrastructure has made it more difficult for farmers to excel in farm business. Farmers Producer Company (FPC) has emerged as a new agri-business model and is working in hilly areas it too. With an intention to find out the effectiveness of hill based FPC for enhancing livelihood wellbeing and empowering women farmers in hills the present study was conducted by selecting an women farmer based Organization, Mahila Umang Producer Company (MUPC) of a group of hill rural women. An ex-post facto research design was used. Difference in difference research design was used to calculate the actual impact of FPC. To measure the livelihood wellbeing an index were prepared by following the standard protocol. The study was conducted in Almora district of Uttarakhand from 37 randomly selected members of MUPC and 20 nonmember respondents from the same locale. The MUPC was found effective in enhancing income and empowering hill women. Joining the FPC has improved the hill women’s livelihood in terms of economic, human, and political dimensions.

Setting them up to fail: enforcement of the agribusiness model on land reform projects in South Africa

ABSTRACT Land reform in South Africa aims, among other things, to build ‘the economy by generating large-scale employment, increasing rural incomes and eliminating overcrowding’ (ANC 1994). While there is ‘near-consensus that land reform has been unsuccessful’ (Aliber and Cousins 2013), various factors have been raised as contributing to land reform’s failure to meet its goals. Among the factors negatively affecting livelihoods and income generation is the government’s enforcement of an agribusiness model promoting large-scale production for (export) markets. This article uses a case study to illustrate how the implementation of large-scale, and sometimes capital-intensive, production negatively affects the livelihoods of the beneficiaries. It challenges the perspectives that associate success, or even the viability, of land reform projects with the agribusiness model by demonstrating how difficult it is for the beneficiaries to sustain production autonomously.

EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA E CONSUMO RESPONSÁVEL EM MERCADOS AGROECOLÓGICOS NO MÉXICO:APRENDIZAGENS E DESAFIOS

Given the dominant agribusiness and economic model that has had adverse effects within local food systems around the world, various organizational experiences have been formed within the framework of social economy and fair trade. Since the end of the decade of the 90’s, in Mexico the emergence of local markets begins whose objective is to promote forms of organic production and healthy food and which, in turn, promote responsible consumption with the natural and social environment at the territorial level. In this work we reflect the different experiences of agroecological markets in central Mexico such as: Tianguis Organic Chapingo, Tianguis Alternativo of Puebla, Mercado Maculli Teotzin, Tianguis del Mayab, and Tianguis Agroecológico of José María Morelos. We expose under the focus of solidarity economy and responsible consumption, intermediation processes, participatory certification, as well as the challenges of these markets. The objective of this paper is to analyze and make visible some of the characteristics, challenges and virtues offered by these experiences around the supply of healthy foods, the consolidation of marketing channels, the recovery of physical and symbolic spaces for the exchange of products, dialogues, strategies and links, among others. For this, the contributions of the solidarity economy that puts work and the human being at the center of the discussion, are recovered, to have a positive impact on the quality of life of its participants, and thus reconfigure the social and economic relations that are showed among the different actors.

Cryoprotectants used in buck semen preservation: A review

Goat production is gradually changing from low input extensive system to agri-business model under semi-intensive and intensive systems on commercial production. Accordingly, semen freezing and artificial insemination (AI) is gaining demand among stakeholders in goat husbandry. The composition of buck semen diluent and freezing protocol have been standardized over the years and the research results revealed wide variation in post-thaw seminal traits. This review discusses in detail about various cryoprotective agents (CPAs), their classification, their level, various combinations used in buck semen freezing and also recent advances in cryoprotectants for improving post-thaw recovery of buck sperm. Among different cryoprotectants, 6% glycerol as permeable and 10% egg yolk as non-permeable CPAs yielded satisfactory post-thaw sperm motility (> 40%) with functional quality for successful fertility. The alternative CPAs viz., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol and dimethyl formamide yielded 13.80 to 21.78%, 12.86 to 31.79% and 13.40 to 18.10% post-thaw motility, respectively. However, the combination of glycerol + DMSO and glycerol + propylene glycol yielded 26.2 to 60.0% post-thaw motility. The use of universally accepted glycerol (6%) and egg yolk (10%) in buck semen preservation is sufficient in liquid and frozen buck semen for AI. However, it is necessary to standardise the levels and temperature of commonly used CPAs breed-wise for higher post-thaw recovery and fertility.

The Agribusiness Model in South African Land Reform? Land Use Implications for the Land Reform Beneficiaries

The land reform programme of the South African government aims, among other things, at generating large-scale employment, increasing rural incomes and combatting poverty. However, the programme equally enforces an agribusiness model that promotes large-scale production through failure to subdivide the large farms, and encouraging the beneficiaries to use the land in the manner that the former white landowners did. The article demonstrates the unsuitability of large-scale production for the land reform beneficiaries, given its unsustainable production costs. On the contrary, the limited costs associated with the small-scale model allow the beneficiaries, including those relying on off-farm income, to produce with better effect.

The Determinant Factors of The Dynamics of Agribusiness Behavior of the Mango Farmers in Greged Sub District, Cirebon District

Cirebon has already been known as one of the mango-producing areas. However, until now, mango agribusiness in the area has not been able to maintain the quality and guarantee the availability of mangoes throughout the year. The problem was caused by the dynamic behavior of the farmers. This indicated that the development of mango agribusiness in the era of globalization should be based on the improvement of agribusiness behavior of mango farmers. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the factors that determine the improvement of agribusiness behavior of mango farmers. The research method employed in this research was survey technique in Greged district of Cirebon regency using simple random sampling technique involving 130 mango farmers. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study showed that the most powerful factors in improving agribusiness behavior of mango farmers were resource factor (9.2%), institutional factor (8.2%), cultural factor (7%) and technological factor (4.8%). This indicated that the development of sustainable mango agribusiness model in Greged district of Cirebon Regency should be focused on optimizing its resources, increasing its institutional role, preserving the mango cultivation of its farmers and increasing the role of the use of mango farming technology.

The current political conjuncture and the forms of resistance: a study on environmental and rural education

O artigo objetiva abordar o ambientalismo latino-americano, representado nas lutas contra-hegemônicas da educação ambiental e do campo. Após a crise econômica de 2008, os EUA voltaram suas atenções para a América Latina, interessados na exploração de recursos primários. Neste contexto, a educação ambiental e a educação do campo têm um importante papel na criação da consciência crítica dos indivíduos e de um saber ambiental. A primeira parte analisa o ambientalismo como um movimento de resistência. Depois, enfatiza-se o caráter emancipatório da educação ambiental e da educação do campo. Para finalizar, propõe-se uma educação do campo oposta ao modelo do agronegócio.

Suitability of egg hatching conditions and commonly available food plants for rearing the long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Efforts to promote sustainable production and processing of Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) as a viable agribusiness model for enhancing food and nutrition security have gained momentum. However, the inexistence of rearing techniques adapted to this insect creates uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of up-scaling production. This study evaluated the effect of five temperatures (26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 °C) on egg development time, percentage hatchability and nymphal weight at hatching. It also evaluated the average weekly wet weight attained by R. differens and percentage survival during growth when reared at 30 °C on four different food plant diets. The diets composed of (1) star grass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; (2) wild millet Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.; (3) guinea grass Panicum maximum Jacq.; and (4) a mixture of the three food plants. The highest hatchability (89.33±3.06%) was observed for egg clusters that were not detached from the leaf sheaths and incubated at 30 °C. At the same temperature, the hatchability of eggs detached from the leaf sheath was 43.33±4.16%. The wet nymphal weight at hatching varied significantly across the different incubation temperatures. For eggs that were not detached from the leaf sheath, it ranged between 3.12±1.20 mg at 30 °C to 4.15±0.98 mg at 34 °C, while for eggs that were detached, it ranged between 2.96±1.14 at 32 °C to 6.0±2.0 mg at 26 °C. The highest wet nymphal weight (586.4 mg) and growth rate (10.47 mg/day) of adult R. differens after 8 weeks was recorded on wild millet, followed by the mixture of the three food plants (553.7 mg; 9.9 mg/day). Food plants significantly influenced survival of nymphs, with C. dactylon and P. maximum associated with the highest survival rate (53.3%). These findings are central to upscaling R. differens production.

Rasgos centrales del agronegocio en Latinoamérica: la experiencia en Uruguay

During the last years, the flow of global capitals found an attractive investment in the Latin American agrarian space. This modified the agrarian structure of many of these countries through the agribusiness model. The present article describes and analyzes the way this model has expanded in Latin America, and in particular, its different phases in Uruguay. Finally, it points out that the central elements of the agribusiness model expansion are the following: the role of the United States, the foreign direct investment increase, the nation State function, and the transnational capitals control in the territory.

From Food Production to Commodity Production in Argentina’s Agricultural Sector

An analysis of the semiotic and productive transformation of food crops under Argentina’s agribusiness model through a study of the diffusion of the term “commodity” in the discourse produced/reproduced by the rural sections of the hegemonic media, combined with statistical data that allow a dialogue between discourse and measurable quantities, concludes that defining the Argentine countryside as a place for commodity production is linked with increasing crop production for export that leads to the erosion of food sovereignty and food security. Un análisis de las transformaciones semióticas y productivas de los frutos de la tierra bajo el modelo argentino de los agronegocios que examina la extensión del término commodity en los discursos producidos/reproducidos por las secciones rurales de los medios gráficos de comunicación hegemónicos, entrecruzado con datos estadísticos para poner en diálogo el nivel del discurso con el de las cantidades medibles, concluye que la consigna que define al campo argentino como un lugar de producción de commodities se imbrica con una tendencia a la intensificación de los cultivos orientados exclusivamente a la exportación y la erosión de la soberanía y seguridad alimentaria.

New reading of Saharan agricultural transformation: Continuities of ancient oases and their extensions (Algeria)

Agriculture in the Algerian Sahara underwent radical transformations during the second half of the 20th century. Agricultural development programs, aiming to integrate the Sahara in the national economy, were based on an agribusiness model implemented outside existing oases – in the so-called extensions – through the conquest of new agricultural land and the use of pumped groundwater. The rehabilitation of existing ‘traditional’ oases received less attention as their capacity for agricultural development was thought limited. While the new agricultural landscape is considered by policy makers to be a creatio ex nihilo, we demonstrate that the extensions are in fact, the creatio ex materia of the ancient oases, and that the two Saharan agricultural landscapes are firmly connected. The objective of this article is then to challenge the dichotomous view of Saharan agricultural development and the underlying binary policy categories. This demonstration is based on a study of the Sidi Okba oasis and the surrounding extensions. The results of this study first show that the binary framing of agricultural development in Algeria’s Sahara is inadequate, as it neglects the temporal and spatial continuities and the hybridity of both landscapes. However, the study also shows that binary policy categories, even when they are inaccurate, participate in the construction of the new Saharan agricultural realities. We conclude that the new extensions are a better-adapted version of the traditional oasis in the context of globalization but in continuity with the ancient oasis. Questions concerning the social, economic and environmental sustainability of this model remain to be answered.

Building agribusiness model of LEISA to achieve sustainable agriculture in Surian Subdistrict of Sumedang Regency West Java Indonesia

Building agribusiness model of LEISA is needed as a prototype of sustainable regional and economic development (SRRED) in the watersheds (DAS) of West Java Province. Agribusiness model of LEISA is a sustainable agribusiness system applying low external input. The system was developed in the framework of optimizing local-based productive resources including soil, water, vegetation, microclimate, renewable energy, appropriate technology, social capital, environment and human resources by combining various subsystems including integrated production subsystems of crops, livestock and fish to provide a maximum synergy effect, post-harvest subsystem and processing of results, marketing subsystems and supporting subsystems. In this study, the ecological boundary of Cipunegara sub-watershed ecosystem, administrative boundaries are Surian Subdistricts in Sumedang. The purpose of this study are to identify the potency of natural resources and local agricultural technologies that could support the LEISA model in Surian and to identify the potency of internal and external inputs in the LEISA model. The research used qualitative descriptive method and technical action research. Data were obtained through interviews, documentation, and observation. The results showed that natural resources in the form of agricultural land, water resources, livestock resources, and human labor are sufficient to support agribusiness model of LEISA. LEISA agribusiness model that has been applied in the research location is the integration of beef cattle, agroforestry, and agrosilvopasture. By building LEISA model, agribusiness can optimize the utilization of locally based productive resources, reduce dependence on external resources, and support sustainable food security.

Bringing collaborative inclusiveness to Indonesian agribusiness in West Java through online platform

The purpose of this research is to propose an inclusive agribusiness model that can improve the economic conditions of farmers in Indonesia, especially in West Java. The researchers used multiple cases for investigating the business model for different commodities in the West Java area. For each case, the data were collected from farmers' focus groups, interviews with stakeholders in each commodity, and through obtaining secondary data. It was discovered that farmers are constrained by various problems concerning lack of tangible and intangible resources. As the main agribusiness actor, farmers also have low welfare. To improve farmer's welfare, a Purpose-Driven Inclusive Agribusiness Ecosystem (PDIAE) model is proposed in which participation of regulators, investors, infrastructure, knowledge empowerment, market and research information, and financial incentives are mandatory. These findings may enhance knowledge of how inclusive business models can increase the welfare of the bottom of the pyramid segment.

The Takeover: Chicken Farming and the Roots of American Agribusiness by Monica R. Gisolfi

Reviewed by: The Takeover: Chicken Farming and the Roots of American Agribusinessby Monica R. Gisolfi Megan Birk The Takeover: Chicken Farming and the Roots of American Agribusiness. By Monica R. Gisolfi. Environmental History and the American South. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2017. Pp. xviii, 104. Paper, $24.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-4971-8; cloth, $59.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-3578-0.) In this brief examination of the modern chicken industry in Georgia, Monica R. Gisolfi outlines the historical transition from unprofitable cotton to the equally challenging poultry business. The major players in Georgia include cotton farmers barely surviving while doing irreparable damage to the soil, extension service agents, land grant schools, and developers of the agribusiness model for chicken farming such as Jesse Dixon Jewell. Gisolfi traces the rise of poultry production in the region to the dismal failings of cotton. When the opportunity to farm chickens looked like a financial windfall during World War II, farmers who had not already left the land for better jobs saw poultry as a new, more profitable option. They were furnished with feed and chicks in exchange for keeping their buildings and equipment up to modern standards. The expense of the farm upgrades pushed out thousands of farmers. Those who stayed, according to Gisolfi, became trapped in a cycle of debt not unlike that involved in cotton production, but they owed larger amounts; families put up entire farms as collateral. Buttressing this change were New Deal policies such as the Agricultural Adjustment Act and rural electrification, which privileged white farm owners over renters, tenants, and African American farmers. [End Page 783]The extension service also played a role, encouraging poultry over cotton with research, data, and training that it then made available only to white farmers, further alienating anyone who was not a white landowner. The cost of this change was not just environmental, as the placement of the book in the Environmental History and the American South series might indicate. It also robbed women of "pin money" and on-farm earning opportunities, since women often handled poultry production for additional income. Chicken farming also did not save farm men from having to pursue off-farm employment. Because production costs often exceeded the income from chickens, many farmers found themselves working two jobs. Because they owned only the land and the buildings, producers resembled sharecroppers or tenants more than independent farmers. Agribusiness was the significant driver of change in Georgia. Chicken middlemen, like Jewell, enticed farmers with what appeared to be low-risk arrangements on the finished birds. Price fluctuations were absorbed by the furnishing company, but the debt accrued by farmers could be exacerbated if they rejected any aspect of the arrangement. Readers will find these themes overlap in familiar ways with Steve Striffler's Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food(New Haven, 2005), which offers a similar explanation of the furnishing contracts and more detailed descriptions of wartime rationing and the roles that processing played in the growth of the chicken industry. Gisolfi's book ends with a brief discussion of the environmental effects of chicken farming and processing on communities. The fumes, water pollution, resource draining, and other pitfalls are similar to those involved in large-scale pork and beef production. The information here holds value and is strongest in the analysis of the federal government as a participant in the changes, but the environmental discussion feels stunted. Gisolfi does not make it entirely clear how or if Georgia is unique compared with other parts of the South that have experienced similar transitions, such as Arkansas and North Carolina. Megan Birk University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Copyright © 2018 The Southern Historical Association