Aged Group Research Articles

Magnitude and outcome of road traffic accidents among patients admitted in dessie town governmental hospitals, Northeast Amhara, Ethiopia, 2022

BackgroundRoad traffic accidents(RTA) are a major public health problem worldwide, accounting for almost 1.24 million deaths per year and it is the number one cause of death among those aged group 15–29 years. Even though there are great benefits from access to road transportation there also poses a great challenge in the individual’s daily activities ranging from minor injury to death.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the magnitude and outcome of road traffic accidents among patients admitted in Dessie Town Governmental Hospitals, Northeast Amhara, Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsA five-year hospital-based retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among 377 road traffic accident patients admitted to Dessie Town Governmental hospitals. Data were collected by simple random methods based on patient chart reviews from June 7/, 2022 to May 23/ 2017 using a checklist adapted from the WHO standard hospital-based road traffic accident questionnaires after obtaining consent from the concerned authority. EPI-Data software version 7.2 for data entry and SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) in the final multinomial logistic regression model.ResultsThe magnitude of road traffic accidents was 59%, using of logistic multi nominal logistic regression we found results such that, road traffic victims who had unstable vital signs at admission (AOR = 6.4,95% CI; 2.5–16.6), didn’t get prehospital treatment (AOR = 9.3,95% CI; 4–20), and severe injury (AOR = 9, 95% CI;7-15.4), had a Glasgow coma scale of 3–5 (AOR = 5.2,95% CI; 1.4–20) were found predictors for death were as unstable vital signs at admission (AOR = 3.79,95%CI;2.1–6.8), Doesn’t get prehospital treatment (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI; 1.4–5.7), Hospital stay for one to two months duration (AOR = 6,95% CI;2.3–15), and greater than two months duration (AOR = 6.5,95%CI;2.5–17) were found predictors for disability among road traffic victims.Conclusions and recommendationsRoad traffic accidents constitute a major public health problem in our setting and contribute significantly to excessively high morbidity and mortality. Unstable vital signs at admission, Client doesn’t get prehospital treatment, severely injured client, and had a Glasgow coma scale of 3–5 were found predictors for death were as an unstable vital sign at admission, Client doesn’t get pre-hospital treatment, Hospital stays for one to two months duration, and greater than two months duration were found predictors for disability among road traffic victims.

An Age-Specific Crisis Awareness Survey of COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments Among Healthy Japanese Adults.

Introduction and objectives The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide phenomenon. This study conducted a chronological survey of crisis awareness regarding COVID-19 within different age groups. Methods An internet-based survey was performed on healthy Japanese adults to investigate the value of a hypothetical prophylactic vaccine and therapeutic drug for COVID-19 in each age group. In total, 12 groups comprising males and females in six different age groups, leading to a total of 1,200 individuals, were surveyed on a weekly basis. The survey was conducted on Friday of each week commencing from February 14, 2020, to April 10, 2020. At certain times or events such as when the government released major announcements or when there was a rapid increase in the number of infected individuals, a similar survey was conducted on an additional 1,200 individuals per week. Results A total of 12 surveys, including weekly surveys spanning over nine weeks, were conducted; a total of 19,113 samples from 12,254 individuals were obtained. The mean price for a hypothetical prophylactic vaccine was 2876.3 JPY (26.9 USD) at the first survey and was significantly increased to 3357.4 JPY (31.4 USD) for the most recent survey (p<0.0001). The percentage of healthy individuals who were unwilling to pay for a hypothetical therapeutic drug at the onset of COVID-19 symptoms was higher in the young age group than in the elderly groups at all phases, indicating a low level of crisis awareness among some young individuals. On the other hand, the percentage of those willing to pay for more than the standard prophylaxis influenza vaccine remained almost the same in all age groups, and it also increased when COVID-19 infection was widespread. In the sub-analysis, femaleswho have childrenand married individuals tended to answer higher costs for prevention. Conclusions Changes in crisis awareness in all age groups were found to be associated with an increasing familiarity along with an increase in the number of locally infected individuals. Though the percentage of those who will not pay was higher in the young age group than in the elderly age group, the percentage of those who will pay more than the standard costs of influenza vaccine or treatment drugs was the same between each aging group.

Downregulation of stromal interaction molecule-1 is implicated in the age-associated vasoconstriction dysfunction of aorta, intrarenal, and coronary arteries

The contractile function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) typically undergoes significant changes with advancing age, leading to severe vascular aging-related diseases. The precise role and mechanism of stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) in age-mediated Ca2+ signaling and vasocontraction remain unclear. The connection between STIM1 and age-related vascular dysfunction was investigated using a multi-myograph system, immunohistochemical analysis, protein blotting, and SA-β-gal staining. Results showed that vasoconstrictor responses in the thoracic aorta, intrarenal artery, and coronary artery decreased with age. STIM1 knockdown in the intrarenal and coronary arteries reduced vascular tone in young mice, while no change was observed in the thoracic aorta. A significant reduction in vascular tone occurred in the STIM1 knockout group with nifedipine. In the thoracic aorta, vasoconstriction significantly decreased with age following the use of nifedipine and thapsigargin and almost disappeared after STIM1 knockdown. The proportion of senescent VSMCs increased significantly in aged mice and further increased in sm-STIM1 KO aged mice. Moreover, the expression of senescence markers p21, p16, and IL-6 significantly increased with age, with p21 expression further increased in the STIM1 knockdown aged group, but not p16 or IL-6. These findings indicate that different arteries exhibit distinct organ-specific features and that STIM1 downregulation may contribute to age-related vasoconstrictive dysfunction through activation of the p21 pathway.

Medium-chain triglycerides combined with DHA improve cognitive function by inhibiting neurocyte apoptosis of the brain in SAMP8 mice

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, Cn-3, 22:6) are essential in improving cognitive function and protecting neurocytes. This study explored the effects of the combined intervention of MCTs and DHA on inhibiting neurocyte apoptosis of the brain and improving cognitive function in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8). Four-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups (12 mice/group): DHA, MCT, DHA + MCT, and control groups, which intervened for seven months. Twelve age-matched male senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) was used as the natural aging group. TUNEL assay and HE staining were used to assess neurocyte apoptosis and damage in the brain of mice. Moreover, the cognitive function was analyzed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and open field (OF) tests. The results showed that the cognitive function of 11-month-old SAMP8 mice decreased with age, and further pathological examination revealed the damaged neurocyte structure, karyopyknosis, cell atrophy, and even apoptosis. MCTs combined with DHA supplementation could increase octanoic acid (C8:0), decanoic acid (C10:0), and DHA levels in the serum, inhibit neurocyte apoptosis, improve neurocyte damage, moreover delay age-related cognitive decline after seven-month treatment. Furthermore, combining MCTs and DHA was significantly more beneficial than MCTs or DHA alone. In conclusion, MCTs combined with DHA could delay cognitive decline by inhibiting neurocyte apoptosis of the brain in SAMP8 mice.

Blastocystis colonization and associations with population parameters in Thai adults.

Blastocystis is a unicellular eukaryote commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals. The prevalence of Blastocystis has been investigated in both developed and developing countries, yet its occurrence and distribution in rural locations has been less studied. Herein, we aimed to examine the distribution of Blastocystis colonization in Thai adults representing background populations along a rural/peri-urban gradient, as well as associations between colonization and personal characteristics. A total of 238 participants were recruited from rural and peri-urban areas situated in three provinces. The presence of Blastocystis in feces was evaluated using PCR and qPCR. Information on gender, age, region (province), rural/peri-urban location, and body mass index (BMI) was collected. The overall rate of Blastocystis carriage was 67.2%. Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between Blastocystis carriage and region (p<0.05), location (p<0.001) and age group (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that rural/peri-urban location and BMI were significantly associated with Blastocystis carriage. Nine subtypes (ST1-ST7, ST10 and ST23) were identified with ST3, ST7 and ST1 as the most abundant ones, in this order. The greatest diversity of subtypes, in terms of numbers, was found in the middle aged group (nine subtypes), while the least diversity was found in the young adult and obese (three subtypes each) groups. This study increases the understanding of the epidemiology of Blastocystis colonization and its association with population parameters and characteristics in middle-income countries.

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Hippocampal Glial Cells and Inflammatory Factor Expression in the Aging Process of Rats

The objective is to analyze the impact of aerobic exercise on the activation of hippocampal glial cells and the expression of inflammatory factors in the aging process of rats. Methods: Thirty male SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) rats at 10 weeks of age were selected and divided into three groups: the sedentary group (A), the aging group (B), and the aging exercise group (C), with 10 rats in each group. The sedentary group (A) was raised for 6 weeks without exercise or aging intervention; the aging group (B) was continuously injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks without exercise intervention; the aging exercise group (C) was continuously injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks while simultaneously implementing exercise intervention, with 60 minutes of unassisted swimming per day, three times a week (swimming pool size 0.5m x 0.8m, water temperature 35±2°C). All groups were harvested at the end of 6 weeks. Compared with the sedentary group, the GFAP immunohistochemical staining in the hippocampal area of the brain was stronger in both the aging group and the aging exercise group, with more GFAP expression, darker positive reaction color, and higher average fluorescence intensity than the sedentary group; compared with the aging group, the aging exercise group had less GFAP expression, lighter positive reaction color, and lower average fluorescence intensity. All differences were significant (P&lt;0.05). In the comparison of GSH levels in the hippocampal tissue of rats, the aging group had the lowest levels, indicating a decrease in the activation level of glial cells in the hippocampus, while the aging exercise group had higher GSH levels than the aging group, proving that exercise intervention in the aging process can effectively improve the activation level of hippocampal glial cells in rats.

The effect of thermomechanical aging on the fracture resistance of additively and subtractively manufactured polyetheretherketone abutments

ObjectivesTo evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) abutments produced by additive and subtractive methods compared to milled zirconia abutments. MethodsCustom abutments were designed on Ti-base abutments and produced from three different materials, namely additively manufactured PEEK (PEEK-AM), subtractively manufactured PEEK (PEEK-SM), and zirconia (N = 60). PEEK-AM abutments were printed using PEEK filaments (VESTAKEEP®i4 3DF-T, Evonik Industries AG) on a M150 Medical 3D Printer (ORION AM) by fused filament fabrication (FFF). All surface treatments were carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions. All abutments were cemented on Ti-bases with hybrid abutment cement and then restored with milled zirconia crowns. Each subgroup was divided into non-aged and aged subgroups (n = 10). The aged groups were subjected to thermomechanical aging (49 N, 5–55 °C, 1.2 million cycles). FR tests were performed by using an universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way and two-way ANOVA and t-test. ResultsThe survival rate of the specimens after aging was determined as 100%. It was found that both the material and aging had a significant effect on the FR (p<.001). There was a statistical difference among the fracture values of the groups (p<.001). In both the aged and non-aged groups, PEEK-AM showed the statistically lowest FR, while the highest FR was seen in the zirconia group, which was significantly higher than the PEEK-SM (p<.001). ConclusionHybrid abutments were successfully manufactured, and extrusion-based processed PEEK seems to be a good alternative to subtractive processed PEEK. However, since subtractive manufacturing still appears to be superior, further developments in additive manufacturing are needed to further improve the quality of 3D-printed PEEK parts, especially in terms of accuracy and bonding between adjacent layers. Clinical SignificanceAdditively manufactured PEEK abutments have the potential to be an alternative for implant-supported restorations in the posterior region.

The Possible Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Liver and Small intestine in Adult and Aged Male Rats. A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract Introduction There is a general modest decline in the function of different organs in the body with aging. In the small intestine, there may be alterations in the intestinal morphology, as well as a decline in the absorption of fatty acids and sugars. The aging process decreases regenerative ability which significantly delays the restoration of liver function. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently attracted interest in many medical fields. PRP might has benefit effect on aged male rats. Aim of the Work This study aims to investigate the structural changes that might occur during normal aging and the possible effect of PRP intraperitoneal injection on adult and aged male albino rats. Materias and Methods Forty-two male albino rats were classified according to age into adult group and old aged groups. Adult male rats (300 -350 g), their age range between 6-8 months. Aged male rats (570-660 g), their age range between 12-24 months. They were divided randomly into four groups: Group I (Control adult): Included 14 rats that further subdivided into 2 equal subgroups: subgroup IA: untreated rats and subgroup Ib: rats were injected by sterile saline intraperitoneally (0.5 mL/kg by intraperitoneal injection 3 times/week). Group II (Control Aged): Included 14 rat that further subdivided into 2 similar subgroups as group I, Group III (Adult treated): Included 7 rats that received intraperitoneal injection of PRP (0.5 mL/kg by intraperitoneal injection 3 times/week), Group IV (Aged treated): Included 7 rats that received intraperitoneal injection of PRP as group III. Animals were kept under observation and the treated groups received intraperitoneal injections for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, Liver and small intestine specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Morphometric and statistical analysis was also done. Results Group II showed decrease in height of intestinal villi with disruption of their epithelium surface, increase spacing between enterocytes and abundant mononuclear cellular infiltration. Changes in the liver comprised nuclear and cytoplasmic changes that included an increase in nuclei number in hepatocytes with droplets fat infiltration. Treated Groups showed decreasing mononuclear cellular infiltration with decreasing collagen fibres and congested blood vessels. Conclusion Aging process enhanced the vulnerability to injury and inflammation in both the liver and small intestine. PRP had ameliorating effects on these changes.

P-255 Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation during germinal vesicle (GV) rescue could increase the total number of mature oocytes available in women of advanced maternal age (AMA)

Abstract Study question Does NMN supplementation improve nuclear and cytoplasmic competence of AMA oocytes during GV-rescue? Summary answer NMN supplementation enhances GV-rescue efficiency in AMA oocytes by improving nuclear competence and slightly ameliorating cytoplasmic competence. What is known already Oocyte competence drastically declines from the age of 35 onwards. With age, organism NAD+ levels also drop, and NAD+ depletion at the oocyte level is associated with lower oocyte and embryo quality. Over the past years, supplementation with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been showed to recover oocyte quality and reproductive potential in aged mice due to NAD+ repletion. Thus, we propose the GV-rescue strategy to assess the impact of NMN in vitro supplementation on rescued-oocyte competence, according to maternal age. Study design, size, duration Experimental, prospective study performed on GVs collected after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), oocyte pick-up (OPU) and denudation; from November 2023 to January 2024. After signed informed consent, GVs were randomized into the control and study (NMN) groups, in a ratio 1:1. A total of two or four GVs were collected from each cycle, in order to avoid any cycle-related potential bias. Participants/materials, setting, methods Young (≤35y.o) or AMA (&amp;gt;35y.o.) women from an infertility clinic (Spain) donated their GVs. They were cultured in time-lapsed, CSCM-NXC medium with or without 100µM-NMN (37oC,6%CO2,5%O2). Nuclear dynamics (tGVBD, tMI and tMII) were described, using “denudation” as zero-time (t0). Rescued metaphase-II (rMII) were artificially activated (≤2.8h post-rMII; 8uM A23187,5min; 10ug/ml puromycin,5h). Normal oocyte activation (NOA) was assessed: 2ndpolar body (PB) extrusion, one pronucleus. Continuous and categorical variables were compared by paired-samples and χ2 tests, respectively. Main results and the role of chance Two hundred and 82 GVs were collected in the young (n = 73 women) and aged groups (n = 35 women), respectively. In the young group, NMN supplementation did not affect the rescue rate (RR=rMII/GV; 54.0%; p = 0.21) but in the AMA-NMN group RR significantly increased (24.4% vs. 48.8%; p = 0.04). Indeed, rMII from both AMA-NMN and young-control groups showed comparable RR (53.1%; p = 0.37) and nuclear dynamics (tGVBD: 5.4±2.8h [95%CI:4.9-5.9], p = 0.10; tMI: 14.8±2.5h [95%CI:14.3-15.2], p = 0.55; t1PB: 20.1±3.2h [95%CI:19.6-20.7], p = 0.33). In contrast, rMII from AMA-control group extruded the 1PB earlier (18.4±2.6h [95%CI: 16.6-20.2) than young-control rMII (p = 0.02). Concerning artificial activation, a slightly non-significant detrimental effect of NMN was observed on NOA rate (rMII with NOA/incubated rMII) in the young group (69.2% vs. 50.0%; p = 0.17). In contrast, NMN-supplement seems to improve the NOA rate in AMA women (33.3% vs. 42.9%; p = 0.78). Limitations, reasons for caution Recruitment rate is lower in AMA than in younger women. Hence, the number of GVs included was lower in the AMA group, providing a potential bias in data interpretation. Results from this preliminary analysis should be tested in further studies with a larger sample size. Wider implications of the findings GV-rescue strategy might increase the number of MII available. In the particular case of women &amp;gt;35, NMN-GV-rescue protocol improves quantitative and qualitative the rMIIs, which become closer to those from young women. Since GV has not undergone any chromosome segregation, to validate whether NMN-supplementation could assist reliable meiosis are urged. Trial registration number 2303-VLC-047-ME

Nanomechanical and microstructural properties of experimental bilayered zirconia ceramics after hydrothermal aging

Two experimental ceramic systems, 3Y-TZP/5Y-PSZ (3Y/5Y) and 4Y-PSZ/5Y-PSZ (4Y/5Y), underwent analysis before (3Y/5Yi or 4Y/5Yi) and after hydrothermal aging (3Y/5Ya or 4Y/5Ya) to simulate low-temperature degradation (LTD). The samples were sintered and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, alongside nanoindentation tests to measure elastic modulus (Em) and hardness (H). Assessments were conducted on the external surfaces and at individual layers on cross-sectioned samples at predetermined regions of interest (ROIs). Degraded superficial regions were observed in the cross-sectional SEM images of the 3Y and 4Y zirconia layers after aging. XRD indicated a tetragonal→monoclinic phase transformation in the aged groups for both 3Y (66 % m-ZrO2) and 4Y (29 % m-ZrO2). Raman spectroscopy revealed monoclinic phase amounts of 86 % for 3Y and 62 % for 4Y in the degradation regions observed in the SEM micrographs. Monoclinic phase peaks were virtually no longer detected in either material beyond a depth of 15 μm. Hydrothermal aging significantly diminished the H and Em values for the 3Y and 4Y zirconia surfaces. For the analysis of different zirconia surfaces within the same subgroup, all pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences, except for the values of H of 3Y/5Yi and Em for 4Y/5Yi. Regarding the nanoindentation results of cross-sectioned samples, the aging protocol did not affect the H and Em values of the equivalent ROIs (layers), regardless of the bilayered system. However, significant differences in H values were observed among the ROIs (layers) within the same bilayered system. Despite surface changes, nanomechanical properties remained preserved below the surface and at the interfaces of bilayered materials after aging. Nanoscale H values varied among some layers and interfaces, whereas the Em values exhibited differences across certain surfaces.

Ultrastructural changes in the adrenal gland in terms of age and gender-related

Objectives: The adrenal glands are endocrine organs that synthesise hormones with crucial functions in the body. This irreplaceable structure performs multiple functions, from metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins to sex development. Any disorder concerning the adrenal glands can give rise to life-threatening conditions. The aging process inevitably affects the adrenal glands. The effects of ageing are marked by a rise in cortisol secretion in the zona fasciculata and a decrease in androgen secretion in the zona reticularis. Elevated cortisol levels in the blood disturb most bodily systems in favour of catabolism, amplifying the cellular decline and destruction that accompanies ageing. The deterioration of the adrenal glands relates not just to spongiocytes and chromaffin cells, but also to the endothelium, which enables circulation. It is clear that a decline in vascular function will have a negative impact on endocrine activities. Our study aims to explore the influence of ageing on the adrenal glands in rats, analysing sex-specific ultrastructural scales. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats, 14 males and 14 females, were planned to be used in the study. Of these 28 rats, 4 females and 4 males will constitute the control group. The rats in the control group will be approximately 10 weeks old, and the rats in the experimental group, which will represent the aged group, will be 19 weeks old. All animals in the study will be anaesthetised and then sacrificed by removal of the heart. The right and left common carotid arteries were removed from the sacrificed animals. Collected vessels prepared for TEM examination. For each animal, at least four TEM images were taken from four different sections from the same block. Results: Our findings demonstrate that the ageing process not only affects spongiocytes within the adrenal gland, but also contributes to the deterioration of endothelial cells. As anticipated, our results indicate the presence of senescence and apoptosis in endothelial cells. The observed vascular separations and ruptures are due to the endothelial deterioration. Spongiocytes experienced hypertrophy to compensate for the functional deficiencies following a decrease in their number due to ageing. Elevated levels of lipofuscin, lipid droplets, and lysosomes were discovered in spongiocytes. Impaired endothelium potentially contributes to certain changes in spongiocytes. Conclusions: While ageing-related changes appear similar in both genders, males tend to be more impacted.

Mechanism of tea polyphenols improving the sarcopenia in the aged type 2 diabetes model rats via mitochondrial quality control

To explore whether tea polyphenols(TP) improve sarcopenia in the aged type 2 diabetes(T2DM)model rats via mitochondrial quality control(MQC). A total of 55 2-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group(n=10), the aged model group(aged, n=10) and the aging T2DM model group(n=35). The aging T2DM model group rats were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg D-galactose daily. After 4 weeks, the aging T2DM model group rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ). After STZ injection for 2 weeks, fasting blood glucose(FBG) ≥ 16.7 mmol/L was defined as successful T2DM model. When the model was successfully induced, the 30 model rats were randomly divided into aged T2DM group(Mod), 300 mg/kg TP teatment group(TP) and 3 mg/kg rosiglitazone treatment group(RSG) according to FBG, with 10 rats in each group. Each group was treated with 50 mg/kg D-galactose to induce senescence and fed with high glucose and fat for 8 weeks. Western blot was used to detect the expression of P53 protein in gastnemius muscle tissue of the model group at the end of the experiment, which was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the aging T2DM model was successfully established. FBG was detected by the blood glucose meter, gastnemius muscle relative weights was calculated, the microstructure of mitochondria of gastnemius muscle was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM), the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related proteins PGC-1α, mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins(OPA1, DRP1) and mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins(P62, LC3) in gastnemius muscle were detected by western blot. Compared with the control group, the level of FBG and the expression of P53 in the Mod group were increased(P&lt;0.01). The gastnemius muscle relative weights, the expression level of PGC-1α, OPA1 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I were decreased(P&lt;0.01). The expression level of P62 and DRP1 were significantly increased(P&lt;0.01). The number of mitochondria decreased, the volume decreased and a large number of vacuolization, and there were no obvious autophagolysosomes and fission and fusion. After 8 weeks, compared with the Mod group, the number of mitochondria in the gastrocnemius of TP and RSG groups, vacuolization, fission and fusion were improved, and the autophagolysosomes was significantly increased. The expression levels of P53, DRP1 and P62, the level of FBG in the TP group were significantly decreased(P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.05). The expression levels of OPA1 and PGC-1α, the ratios of LC3II/LC3I and gastnemius muscle relative weights were significantly increased(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). TP can improve the sarcopenia in the aged T2DM model rats, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of mitochondrial quality control.

Fast and slow myofiber nuclei, satellite cells, and size distribution with lifelong endurance exercise in men and women.

We previously observed lifelong endurance exercise (LLE) influenced quadriceps whole-muscle and myofiber size in a fiber-type and sex-specific manner. The current follow-up exploratory investigation examined myofiber size regulators and myofiber size distribution in vastus lateralis biopsies from these same LLE men (n = 21, 74 ± 1 years) and women (n = 7, 72 ± 2 years) as well as old, healthy nonexercisers (OH; men: n = 10, 75 ± 1 years; women: n = 10, 75 ± 1 years) and young exercisers (YE; men: n = 10, 25 ± 1 years; women: n = 10, 25 ± 1 years). LLE exercised ~5 days/week, ~7 h/week for the previous 52 ± 1 years. Slow (myosin heavy chain (MHC) I) and fast (MHC IIa) myofiber nuclei/fiber, myonuclear domain, satellite cells/fiber, and satellite cell density were not influenced (p > 0.05) by LLE in men and women. The aging groups had ~50%-60% higher proportion of large (>7000 μm2) and small (<3000 μm2) myofibers (OH; men: 44%, women: 48%, LLE; men: 42%, women: 42%, YE; men: 27%, women: 29%). LLE men had triple the proportion of large slow fibers (LLE: 21%, YE: 7%, OH: 7%), while LLE women had more small slow fibers (LLE: 15%, YE: 8%, OH: 9%). LLE reduced by ~50% the proportion of small fast (MHC II containing) fibers in the aging men (OH: 14%, LLE: 7%) and women (OH: 35%, LLE: 18%). These data, coupled with previous findings, suggest that myonuclei and satellite cell content are uninfluenced by lifelong endurance exercise in men ~60-90 years, and this now also extends to septuagenarian lifelong endurance exercise women. Additionally, lifelong endurance exercise appears to influence the relative abundance of small and large myofibers (fast and slow) differently between men and women.

ATHEROSCLEROTIC CHANGES OF BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERIES IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS ACCORDING TO SONOGRAPHY

Background. One of the most frequent causes of death is considered to be stroke on the back of atherosclerosis of the extracranial carotid arteries. Detection of atherosclerosis at an early stage facilitates timely prevention and reduces the risk of developing of an acute cardiovascular event in the future. Purpose. To evaluate the clinical significance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of atherosclerotic changes in the brachiocephalic arteries in people of different age groups. Materials and methods. Echography of brachiocephalic arteries was performed among 155 people aged 45 to 89 years, who were randomized into 3 age groups. The middle–aged group included 56 people; the elderly group – 54 people; the senile group - 45 people. The processing of the results of the study was carried out in the programs Statistica 10 (StatSoft, USA). Results. According to the data of sonography, atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 62.5% of the middle–aged group, 83.3% of the elderly group and 88.9% of senile age. Heterogeneous hypoechoic and calcified plaques are found only among people who are over 60 years old. Moderate stenosis was observed at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in all age groups. Pronounced stenosis and critical vascular stenosis in the proximal part of the internal carotid artery are observed in senile age. The index of the maximum systolic velocity among people with atherosclerosis decreases with age. With increasing age, the level of vascular resistance increases. Conclusion. Considering significant changes in the indicators of atherosclerotic manifestations already in middle age, in order to reduce the increase in population mortality from cardiovascular diseases, the healthcare system should introduce early ultrasound screening of brachiocephalic arteries for patients from 18 years of age.

The Visual Outcome of Gunshot Injury after Last Civil War in Tobruk-Libya: A Retrospective Study

Ocular trauma is one of the most common causes of acquired blindness. This study aims to determine the epidemiology of ocular trauma in all the age groups in Tobruk Medical Centre- Libya. A retrospective study was conducted in our hospital for one year and all the aged group presenting with ocular trauma in the Ophthalmology and Emergency Departments were enrolled in the study. Age, sex distribution, presentation duration, mode of injury, type of injury, and final visual outcome were analyzed. There were 201 patients, 76% of the patients were male. Injuries usually occurred at home (54%) followed by accidents at workplaces (18%), car accidents (10.5%), fighting (15%), and at school (2.5%). There were 100/201 patients (49%) of cases that required hospital admission and (40.8%) needed surgical interventions. The most common traumas were blunt trauma in 124/201 patients (61.7%). Penetrating trauma with an intraocular foreign body (IOFB) accounted for (11.5%) of cases. The visual outcome was recorded in 200 patients. 22/201 patients (11%) ended with severe impairment of vision (vision hand movement (HM) or less). Blindness with no perception of light (no PL) was the result in 3.5% of trauma cases, while 11/16 patients (86%) with gunshot injuries through fighting have complete irreversible blindness (no PL). We concluded, that most open-globe injuries can cause severe vision impairment. In this study, gunshot injury is the leading cause of permanent loss of vision.

A Randomized Double-Blinded Study To Compare the Efficacy of Propofol and Thiopentone To Prevent Succinylcholine-Induced Fasciculation and Myalgia in Gabapentin-Premedicated Patients.

Succinylcholine is the most used short-acting depolarizing muscle relaxant for rapid sequence induction. However, its use is associated with adverse effects, like fasciculations and myalgia.Thus, many pretreatment modalities were used to minimize or prevent these adverse effects. Our aim for this study was to compare the efficacy of propofol and thiopentone in preventing succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia in gabapentin-premedicated patients. Methods: Eighty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I/II, either male or female, in the aged group of 18-60 years, and scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into either the propofol (P) or thiopentone (T) group. Anesthesia was induced with IV fentanyl 2 µg/kg, IV succinylcholine 2 mg/kg, and either IV propofol (2 mg/kg) in group P or IV thiopentone (5 mg/kg) in group T.In both groups, oral gabapentin 600 mg was given two hours before the surgery. All patients were observed and graded for intraoperative fasciculations and myalgia during 24 postoperative hours by a blinded observer.Fasciculation grade, myalgia grade, total tramadol consumption, and demographic data were compared using a test of proportion and chi-squared test. Study results demonstrated that the use of propofol significantly decreases the severity of fasciculation at one, two, and three minutes (P < 0.001) and myalgia at two, six, and 12 hours (P < 0.001) more than thiopentone in gabapentin-premedicated patients. Tramadol consumption in both groups was insignificant (P = 0.658). Propofol (2 mg/kg) is more effective than thiopentone (5 mg/kg) in decreasing the severity of fasciculation and myalgia following succinylcholine administration in gabapentin-premedicated patients.

Evaluating the cancer aging and research group model in predicting immunochemotherapy toxicity among elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

BackgroundThe management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in elderly patients is complicated by an increased risk of treatment-related toxicity associated with aging. This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of the Cancer Aging and Research Group (CARG) model in elderly patients with DLBCL receiving rituximab-based chemotherapy. MethodsIn this prospective study, elderly DLBCL patients (aged 65 years or older) receiving rituximab-based chemotherapy were consecutively assessed between August 2016 and December 2021 at one medical center in Taiwan using the CARG model to predict treatment-related toxicity. Patients were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups based on their CARG scores. Comparisons were made regarding toxicities and survival rates among these groups. ResultsNinety-one patients, with a median age of 70 years (range 65–96), were included. A substantial 81 % (74 patients) experienced grade 3–5 toxicity. The overall 2-year survival rate was 63.8 % after a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 2–46). The risk of grade 3–5 toxicity was 83 %, 78 %, and 87 %, respectively, among the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups (p = 0.60). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for CARG was 0.521 (95 % CI, 0.376–0.666), which was significantly lower than that for the Eastern Cancer Oncology Group score (ROC = 0.701, 95 % CI, 0.571–0.831). Similarly, compared with those of low-risk patients, hazard ratios for overall survival were 9.22 (95 % CI, 1.23–69.1; p = 0.031) and 14.6 (95 % CI, 1.90–112; p = 0.010) for medium- and high-risk patients, respectively. ConclusionWhile CARG exhibited limitations in predicting treatment-related toxicity in elderly DLBCL patients, it demonstrated potential efficacy in predicting survival outcomes.

Occurrences of Hydrocele of Children During 1st 3 Months of 1402 Year in Balkh Regional Hospital

Introduction: Hydrocele defined by collection of fluid around the testicle between testicle &amp; tunica vaginalis. Its common in children &amp; adults, many peoples may affect by this disease every year. Its occur approximately at ratio of 1:10 in children’s after birth. Untreated cases should result to infertility, orchitis, epididymitis and finally testicles atrophy. Incidental averages are different from 6% to 30% by human kinds. All of male persons from birth to dying may affect by hydrocele. Method: this is a prospective and descriptive study which data collected by inspection, evaluation &amp; assessment of patients who were examined and become bedded in Balkh regional hospital mazar e Sharif during 1st 3 months of 1402 year. The all collected data analyzed by specific statistical method (SPSS). Aim: occurrences of hydrocele according to age &amp; sex during 1st 3month of 1402 year. Results: this study was performed over 1496 patients who come to Balkh regional hospital and bedded. From bedded patients, 893 case were males and remaining 601 case were females. 156 patients (17.5%) of bedded male had hydrocele and remaining 737 case (82.5%) were bedded during other diseases. From 156 hydrocele cases; 76 case (48.7%) seen in adults and other 80 case (51.3%) were children (ratio 100:95). Among 76 bedded adult patients who had hydrocele, 22cases were operated successfully and others treated none operatively by various reasons. Among 80 cases of children who had hydrocele, 35 patients operated &amp; other treated none operatively. Hydrocele consist 8.9% of male bedded patient and include 0.9% of all referral patients in Balkh regional hospital Mazar e Sharif during 1st 3month of 1402 year. Otherwise, from male bedded patients, hydrocele include 17.5% that 8.5% were adult and 8.9% were children. 28.9% of adult patients were operated &amp; 71.1% treated none operatively (the ratio 1:2.5). 43.7% of children that had hydrocele operated successfully &amp; remaining 56.3% were not operating (ratio were 1:1.3). the right sided hydrocele was more seen in group of 6-10 year (14 case /40%), and lowest were 11-15 aging group (10 case of 35 case). Conclusion: Hydrocele is a disease which commonly seen in children and adults. It can affect individuals in any age. Hydrocele more commonly seen (16.3%) in 11 year of age and then in 3 and 8 age also common. Occurrences are approximately same in children and adults. Right sided hydrocele is funded 2 time more than left sided hydrocele. 69% of 35 cases were seen within inguinal hernia.

Investigating SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interactions and mRNA expression: Insights using three models of D. melanogaster

Responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus in which contagious variants continue to appear. Therefore, some population groups have demonstrated greater susceptibility to contagion and disease progression. For these reasons, several researchers have been studying the SARS-CoV-2/human interactome to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and develop new pharmacological strategies. D. melanogaster is a versatile animal model with approximately 90 % human protein orthology related to SARS-CoV-2/human interactome and is widely used in metabolic studies. In this context, our work assessed the potential interaction between human proteins (ZNF10, NUP88, BCL2L1, UBC9, and RBX1) and their orthologous proteins in D. melanogaster (gl, Nup88, Buffy, ubc9, and Rbx1a) with proteins from SARS-CoV-2 (nsp3, nsp9, E, ORF7a, N, and ORF10) using computational approaches. Our results demonstrated that all the proteins have the potential to interact, and we compared the binding sites between humans and fruit flies. The stability and consistency in the structure of the gl_nsp3 complex, specifically, could be crucial for its specific biological functions. Lastly, to enhance the understanding of the influence of host factors on coronavirus infection, we also analyse the mRNA expression of the five genes (mbo, gl, lwr, Buffy, and Roc1a) responsible for encoding the fruit fly proteins. Briefly, we demonstrated that those genes were differentially regulated according to diets, sex, and age. Two groups showed higher positive gene regulation than others: females in the HSD group and males in the aging group, which could imply a higher virus-host susceptibility. Overall, while preliminary, our work contributes to the understanding of host defense mechanisms and potentially identifies candidate proteins and genes for in vivo viral studies against SARS-CoV-2.

Efficacy and safety of flexible ureteral lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi in patients aged 80 years and older

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteral lithotripsy (FURL) for treating upper urinary tract calculi in patients ≥80 years. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 297 elderly patients who underwent FURL for unilateral upper urinary tract calculi at Beijing Hospital from January 2019 to September 2023. Patients were divided into elderly group (≥80 years) and low-middle aged group (≥60-<80 years). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match preoperative clinical data of patients. After PSM, the basic, perioperative and postoperative data of the two groups were compared. Results: After PSM, 116 patients were enrolled, including 58 patients in each group. The age [M (Q1, Q3)] of elderly group was 83.0 (81.0, 86.0) years, which included 29 males. The age of low-middle aged group was 69.5 (64.8, 74.0) years, which included 33 males. The duration of postoperative hospitalization [M (Q1, Q3)] in elderly group was longer than that in low-middle aged group [2 (1, 3) d vs 1 (1, 2) d, P=0.002]. Serious postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases in the elderly group and 1 case in the low-middle aged group, respectively, without surgical intervention. There was no significant statistical difference in stone-free rate (SFR) [79.3% (46/58) vs 84.5% (49/58)], operation time [M (Q1, Q3), 70.0 (48.3, 100.0) vs 65.0 (46.5, 101.2) min] and postoperative complication rate [25.9% (15/58) vs 22.4% (13/58)] between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in patients ≥80 years, the SFR, operation time and postoperative complication rate of FURL are comparable to those in low-middle aged elderly patients. FURL has good safety and effectiveness in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in patients ≥80 years.