Aggressive Manifestations Research Articles

Everydayness of Peace and War

The article examines everydayness as an integrative sphere of society, which is dominant for a person since it is at the micro level that an individual forms his or her social reality. Dialectical relationships between the individual and the general can be traced in everydayness, a semantic content is formed, which makes it possible to understand what happens every day in the everyday life of a person. Therefore, everyday life acts as one of the mechanisms of formation of values, socialization and a source of formation of social capital at the micro-, meso-, and macro levels.
 On the basis of empirical data, it is shown that social capital accumulates in the everyday sphere, which is strong and can withstand external aggressive manifestations, such as Russia’s war against Ukraine. Ukrainian society can withstand full-scale military aggression due to solidarity ties, dense network communications, and social trust at the level of horizontal relationships. In this way, everyday life has a latent effect on the functioning of social institutions at the level of the city and the state which are the field of implementation of people's everyday routines.

Eyes of the beholders: Multi-method relationships between internalizing and externalizing symptom dimensions and aggression risk.

Although aggression occurs across a range of disorders, associations between dimensions of psychopathology and self- and other-directed aggression are not well understood. Investigating associations between psychopathology dimensions and aggression helps further understanding about the etiology of aggression, and ultimately, can inform intervention and prevention strategies. This study adopted a multi-method approach to examine associations between internalizing and externalizing dimensions of psychopathology and self- and other-directed aggression as a function of reporter (participant and informant) and modality of aggression measurement (subjective and objective). Participants were an unselected sample of 151 racially diverse adults recruited from the community. Dimensions of psychopathology were assessed using interview and questionnaire reports from participants and collateral informants, and forms of aggression were measured via subjective reports and an objective, laboratory aggression paradigm. Analyses of participant-reported psychological symptom data consistently linked externalizing symptoms to other-directed aggression, and internalizing symptoms to self-directed aggression. Results across informant and participant reporters replicated prior findings showing a significant interaction between internalizing and externalizing dimensions in predicting intimate partner violence. Most other effects in informant models were nonsignificant. The findings uncover consistency in and replicability of relationships between dimensions of psychopathology and certain manifestations of aggression and highlight the importance of examining multiple forms of aggression in etiological research. Examining aggression through a transdiagnostic lens can help us better understand and intervene upon processes implicated in devasting forms of self- and other-directed aggression.

Predictive factors regarding bullying behavior in Romanian schools.

The present study investigates the phenomenon of bullying in schools in the city of Constanta, Romania. From the age point of view, we have had n = 210 12-year-old subjects and 193 13-year-old subjects, and from the biological gender point of view, there were 234 girls and 169 boys. The study's main objective was to investigate aggressive behavior in adolescents in a school context. The study is cross-sectional and aims to analyze behaviors and interpersonal relationships having as dependent variable "Conflicts in the school environment" and two independent variables, respectively "Aggressive Manifestations" and "Aggressive Behaviors," used in proving the first hypothesis, dependent variable "Verbal attacks as an aggressor" and the predictive variables "Social exclusion" and "Conflicts within the school environment" used to demonstrate the second hypothesis and the dependent variable "Bullying behavior" and the predictor variables "Acceptance of unethical behaviors," "Violation of privacy as an aggressor" and "Dissemination of information without authorization" used to demonstrate the third hypotheses. The results indicate significant correlations between aggressive behaviors and conflicts in the school environment (r = 0.596, p < 0.001), suggesting that interventions must be integrated and address the underlying causes of aggressive behaviors and associated manifestations. The association between "Conflicts in the school environment" and "Aggressive behaviors" revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.387, p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation between "Perception of conflicts" and "Aggressive manifestations" (r = 0.423, p < 0.001). The conclusions emphasize the importance of understanding the complexity of aggressive behavior dynamics and predictive factors for developing effective strategies for prevention and intervention in the educational environment. As a limitation of the study, it is advisable to follow the group of subjects from a longitudinal point of view to identify changes in the behavioral manifestations of these adolescents, in a school context.

Gender and age-related peculiarities in manifestation of different aggression types in older adolescents

This article is dedicated to the study of gender and age-related peculiarities in manifesting different aggression types in older adolescents. A theoretical literature review on the problem is presented with a particular emphasis on the dynamics in various aggressive manifestations in adolescents, age and gender related peculiarities in these manifestations, and the analysis of factors that may determine the differences in manifestation of aggression in boys and girls of different age groups. The results of an empirical study conducted on a large-scale sample of adolescents (N = 10 980) aged 15 to 18 years are presented. The data analysis shows that physical aggression is more pronounced in male respondents, while hostility and displays of anger are more pronounced among the female respondents. One-factor analysis of variance demonstrates a statistically significant influence of gender on the expression of all the aggression types. The largest effect size is observed in relation to anger, and the smallest — in expressions of hostility. We have also established the age-related differences in aggressive manifestations within the different aggression types in older adolescents. It was shown that physical aggression decreases significantly between the ages of 15 and 18, while anger and hostility manifestations remain stable after the age of 15. The effect of age on the expression of aggression was also statistically significant within all the aggression types. The largest effect size was observed for physical aggression, the smallest — for anger. The obtained results confirm the need to consider the age and gender characteristics when creating anger management and aggression prevention programs and to expand the research base of gender and age characteristics in adolescent aggression. Also, these results can be used for developing educational and preventive technologies for working with adolescent aggression.

Clinical profile of paraphenylenediamine intoxication

Hair dyes are widely used for decorative skin paint, nail coloring, and hair dye. Hair dye toxicity has been attributed to adding a synthetic dye paraphenylenediamine (PPD). PPD is added to natural henna to accentuate the dark color and shorten the duration of application. PPD self-harm or accidental toxicity is well-known in developing countries and extensively reported in the medical literature. Acute intoxication with PPD causes characteristic severe angioedema of the pharynx and larynx which usually necessitates tracheostomy, and it is associated with facial and tongue edema. PPD poisoning results in multisystem disorders and can cause rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury, aggressive gastrointestinal manifestations, pancarditis, and arrhythmias. This form of severe poisoning is fatal if not treated early and properly. There is no specific antidote and treatment is mainly supportive and helpful only if initiated early.

CDK6 protein expression is associated with disease progression and treatment resistance in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous malignancy of plasma cells. Despite improvement in the prognosis of MM patients after the introduction of many new drugs in the past decades, MM remains incurable since most patients become treatment-resistant. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) is activated in many types of cancer and has been associated with drug resistance in MM. However, its association with disease stage, genetic alterations, and outcomehas not been systematically investigated in large cohorts. Here, we analyzed CDK6 expression using immunohistochemistry in 203 formalin-fixed paraffin-embeddedsamples of 146 patients and four healthy individuals. We found that 61.5% of all MM specimens express CDK6 at various levels. CDK6 expression increased with the progression of disease with a median of 0% of CDK6-positive plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n = 10) to 30% in newly diagnosed MM (n = 78)and up to 70% in relapsed cases (n = 55). The highest median CDK6 was observed in extramedullary myeloma (n = 12), a highly aggressive manifestation of MM. Longitudinal analyses revealed that CDK6 is significantly increased in lenalidomide-treated patients but not in those who did not receive lenalidomide. Furthermore, we observed that patients who underwent lenalidomide-comprising induction therapy had significantly shorter progression-free survival when their samples were CDK6 positive. These data support that CDK6 protein expression is a marker for aggressive and drug-resistant disease and describes a potential drug target in MM.

IgG4-related disease with nasopharyngeal malignancy-like manifestations.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) was characterized by single or multiple masses in organs, which may mimic various inflammatory and malignant diseases. Here, we summarize 4 patients with aggressive manifestations of IgG4-RD that mimic nasopharynx cancer to provide some new sights for the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. Four patients were included in our series. The age ranged from 53 to 64 years old, and the duration of the disease ranged from 4 to 6 months. The chief complaints included headache, rhinorrhea, or diplopia. All patients had more than 10 IgG4+ plasma cells/HPF in immunohistochemistry with plasma lgG4 levels ranging from 218 mg/dL to 765 mg/dL. All of them met the diagnostic criteria of lgG4-RD. The described case is highly similar to the clinical manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although pathology is the gold standard, there are still limitations. Serological IgG4 can help confirm the diagnosis. Timely diagnosis of IgG4-RD is of great significance in preventing secondary organ damage in patients with active diseases.

K problému náboženskej znášanlivosti

Churches and religious societies, despite the suppression of their importance, mission and results of their pastoral and educational activities in Slovak society since the second half of the 20th century and their temporary radical revival after 1990, are in the currently ideologically enforced corporate-liberal social environment again subject to recognition, condemnation and suppression. It also applies to their representatives, their believers, their membership base. It is obvious that, on the basis of the ecumenical program born during the Second Vatican Council, even in Slovak society, the dominant Roman Catholic Church has clearly stepped out of its historical socio-paternalistic attitudes. The current policy of the Slovak particular Roman Catholic Church leads all its members and adherents to religious tolerance. Despite this, manifestations of religious tolerance in the current secularizing Slovak national community are accepted by a certain part of the so-called modernist population with a considerable amount of animosity. This opens up a vast and fragmented political space for the Slovak state authorities to regulate and eliminate the currently more aggressive manifestations of the currently living intolerance. Especially radically directed against the views of the "backward", so-called the worldview of the archaic, i.e. religiously oriented, majority of the Slovak population. The task of the current state power becomes the reduction of anti-religious and anti-church activities, rooted in and based on a destructive ideological and ideological platform that negatively affects the value orientation of the emerging West European so-called liberal-modernist generation.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АГРЕССИИ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ МЛАДШЕГО ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА ИЗ СЕМЕЙ РАЗНОГО ТИПА

The article shows the importance of psychological and pedagogical activities for suppression of aggression in elementary school children based on the obtained diagnostic data and taking into account family features. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of aggression manifestation in elementary school children from one- and two-parent families. The results of the summative assessment are described. The assessment made it possible to identify the types (verbal, physical, instrumental, altruistic, selfaggression) and levels (high, medium, low) of aggression intrinsic to the children. It has been proven that aggression is more common in children from one-parent families. Boys from one-parent families are more aggressive than boys from two-parent families. There are minor differences in aggression of girls from oneand two-parent families. The need of psychological coaching for children and their families through the implementation of special education programs and arrangement of family clubs has been demonstrated.

Violent crime motivated by war-related hate: concepts, signs, development trends

The article substantiates the need to study violent crime motivated by hatred related to the war as a separate criminological category in view of the ongoing armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine, the annexation of part of its territories and open calls by the Russian authorities to destroy the Ukrainian nation, incite hatred to everything that identifies Ukraine as a sovereign independent state.&#x0D; The analysis of the transformations of violent crime based on hatred related to the war as a socio-legal phenomenon of modern society shows that the social price of its existence in our society is too high.&#x0D; Attention is focused on the fact that manifestations of violence and aggression in society pose a real threat to the stability of the existence of the entire human civilization, which carries potential threats to the national security of Ukraine, as well as to regional and global security.&#x0D; A definition of a violent crime motivated by hatred related to the war has been formulated, the content of its main essential features has been identified and disclosed. Trends in the development of this type of crime have been outlined as a basis for forecasting negative impacts on the relevant social processes in the future.&#x0D; The need to develop a balanced legislative approach to the correct understanding, recognition, detection and subsequent legally competent qualification of criminal offenses on the basis of hatred related to the war as a guarantee of their effective prevention and investigation is summarized.&#x0D; The need for further research to identify criminogenic phenomena and processes that determine the emergence and modification of violent crime on the basis of hatred related to the war, which is a necessary element of its study, has been proved. After all, this will make it possible to explain the nature of its emergence, the peculiarities of its internal content, options for further modifications, and, ultimately, the development of countermeasures.

The Relationship Between Attachment Style and Aggression in Young School-Aged Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Attachment, which forms during childhood, specifically from the first year of life, is manifested as an emotional bond between the child and the primary attachment figure. It becomes a predictive factor for action mechanisms in emotionally charged situations. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the type of attachment and aggressiveness in young school-aged children with intellectual disabilities. We were interested in determining the extent to which the dominant attachment type influences the onset of behavioral disorders and aggressive reactions. The results obtained in the research process demonstrated the extent to which the dominant attachment type influences aggressive manifestations in children with intellectual disabilities.

The influence of biological factors in genesis of mass murders

In this paper, the authors, starting from the established division of mass murders in the criminological literature, analyze the available research results on cases of mass murders, that is, their etiology. Considering that the analysis of all possible factors that can constitute individual criminogenesis would require much more space, in this paper the emphasis is on the biological factors of crime. The authors start from traditional biological understandings in criminology, such as the study of the connection between physical constitution and crime, or the influence of genetic factors, which they complement with more modern approaches, such as the analysis of neurological, endocrinological and other biologically relevant conditions, i.e. abnormalities while simultaneously investigating their influence on the manifestation of aggression in general but also especially in the context of mass murders. The authors expect the work to be the contribution to the better understanding of the etiology of mass murders and generally violent crimes.

The Phenomenon of the Terrorist State in Contemporary Geopolitics: Attributive, Static, and Dynamic Characteristics

The full-scale incursion by Russia into Ukraine in February 2022 starkly revealed the aggressive, manipulative, and deceitful nature of the Russian autocracy. This action effectively employed state terrorism and led to Russia being labeled as a terrorist state. This article undertakes a thorough examination of the emerging geopolitical concept known as the “terrorist state” within the broader context of the evolution and hybridization of terrorism. The authors employ a conceptual analysis of the “terrorist state” as a manifestation of destructive aggression, utilizing the instrumental axes methodology. They delve into the distinctive characteristics of state-sponsored terrorism and explore the static structural and dynamic processes leading an autocracy toward the designation of a terrorist state. In this discourse, the authors highlight the pressing necessity to broaden the research perspectives within the realms of terrorism theory and praxeology by introducing the novel concept of a “terrorist state” into the normative framework of international law and counter-terrorism strategies. This research holds significant practical relevance amid contemporary geopolitical tensions, providing a scholarly basis for proactive policies aimed at addressing autocratic dictatorships that challenge the global security apparatus. Additionally, it underscores the importance of strategic isolation measures directed at terrorist states.

ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ НА ОТДАЛЁННЫХ ЭТАПАХ И ИХ ПСИХОТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ КОРРЕКЦИЯ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

The need to analyze the literature to study information about the psycho-emotional consequences of cancer in children and adolescents at long-term stages, as well as their psychotherapeutic correction, is dictated by the high prevalence of mental disorders in the long-term period and insufficient knowledge of the possibility of their compensation. Purpose: to analyze the literature to study the psycho-emotional consequences of cancer in patients who suffered cancer in childhood or adolescence, as well as the psychotherapeutic correction of these patients. General information. Stress factors associated with cancer cause many psychological problems and affect all aspects of a child’s life, including causing serious changes in the emotional, cognitive, personal and behavioral spheres. Many emerging disorders persist even in the stage of long-term remission, causing a decrease in the quality of life and difficulties in social adaptation. In pediatric patients, the condition is characterized by pronounced asthenia, emotional instability, a large number of fears, and aggressive manifestations. neurocognitive disorders, difficulty learning, mastering new skills, problems with memory, concentration and attention, speed of information processing, depression. Also often mentioned: fear of illness, low self-esteem, difficulty returning to school and to a group of emotionally significant peers, dependence on adults who care for them during treatment, behavioral deviations, sleep disorders, more frequent depressive reactions, increased anxiety, change perception of the world and oneself in it and much more. Psychotherapeutic correction in combination with psychopharmacotherapy shows itself to be the most effective. In some cases, psychotherapeutic effects used as monotherapy are effective. Psychotherapy for conditions caused by stress is based on pathogenetic principles based on the psychology of relationships. The goal of psychotherapeutic work with adolescents and children with cancer is, first of all, prevention and correction of psychopathological reactions. Individual psychotherapy, which allows you to devote more time and attention to the child than group work, is proving to be the most effective in practice today. Among the many psychotherapeutic techniques used in the structure of assistance to children and adolescents, the most widely used are body-oriented therapy, short-term interpersonal therapy, and art therapy. To reduce the incidence of mental pathology after illness and achieve its maximum compensation, a multidisciplinary approach is required.

Comparison of the 2022 ICC and Who Classification Systems of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms

Introduction: Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated the 5th edition classification of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia was published. In this study, we aimed to compare several differences between WHO 2022 and ICC classifications. Methods: Our study consisted of 989 newly-diagnosed primary MDS subjects classified using the WHO 2016 criteria from 08/2016 to 07/2022. CD34 and CD117 immunostaining were used in 30 of 38 subjects with low blasts and BM fibrosis to evaluate a proportion of immature myeloid precursors. All subjects were negative for CD117+ cells. CD34+ BM cells ranged from 0% to 5%. Results: According to WHO 2022 classification, 36 MDS subjects with NPM1 mutation were reclassified as AML and 10 MDS-U subjects were reclassified as clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). Applying to the ICC criteria, 20 MDS subjects with NPM1 mutation were reclassified as AML and 8 MDS-U subjects were reclassified as CCUS. We analyzed the remaining patients. Among the 81 subjects classified as MDS-biTP53 according to WHO 2022, 10 subjects did not meet ICC criteria for MDS or MDS/AML with mutated TP53 because the VAF of TP53 mutation(s) was less than 10%. Subjects not qualifying for MDS or MDS/AML with mutated TP53 had lower Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) scores, better IPSS-R-defined cytogenetics, a higher frequency of SF3B1 mutations and longer survival compared with subjects with MDS or MDS/AML with mutated TP53 according to ICC (All P-values＜ 0.005, Figure 1 Left). Our data suggested that TP53 mutational burden should also be considered in the diagnostic classification and the cut-off value of 10% seems reasonable. An additional difference between these two classifications is that ≥15% ring sideroblasts may be a surrogate for SF3B1 mutation in WHO 2022. But only those with SF3B1 mutation (VAF≥10%), without 5q-, -7 or complex karyotype and RUNX1 mutation can be diagnosed as MDS with mutated SF3B1(MDS- SF3B1) according to ICC. 23 of 76 subjects (30.3%) with MDS- SF3B1 according to the WHO 2022 classification did not meet the ICC criteria for MDS- SF3B1. Subjects not meeting the ICC for MDS- SF3B1 had lower WBCs ( P = 0.003) ,platelet concentrations ( P = 0.001), higher IPSS-M categories ( P = 0.024) and shorter survival compared with those with MDS- SF3B1 according to ICC( P = 0.003, Figure 1 middle). Therefore, our study shown that SF3B1-unmutated MDS-RS cases have different clinical features and outcome in comparison with SF3B1-mutated subjects and ICC criteria defined a more homogeneous disease entity of MDS- SF3B1. Apart from MDS with defining genetic abnormalities, substantial differences in morphologically defined MDS subtypes between WHO 2022 and ICC also need to be addressed. According to the WHO 2022 classification, only MDS-EB patients were furtherly categorized into MDS-EB with or without BM fibrosis. Here, we explore the impact of BM fibrosis in patients with MDS-LB. Among MDS patients without excess blasts and specific genetic abnormalities, 38 patients had fibrosis. Subjects with low blasts and fibrosis (MDS-LBf) had lower platelet concentrations ( P = 0.002), worse IPSS-R-defined cytogenetics and IPSS-R categories ( P ＜0.05) compared with those without excess blasts and myelofibrosis. MDS-LBf had worse survival compared with those with low blasts and without fibrosis (Figure 1 right, P = 0.007). Conclusion: Both the WHO 2022 and ICC criteria allow more accurate diagnoses and risk stratification. However, the presence of two separate classifications leads to the dilemma in clinical application. When it comes to MDS with defining genetic abnormalities, our analyses suggest ICC defines more homogeneous disease entities of MDS-SF3B1, MDS or MDS/AML with mutated TP53 subjects compared with WHO 2022. Although WHO 2022 places an emphasis on morphologically defined MDS and listed hypoplastic MDS (MDS-h) and MDS with fibrosis (MDS-f) as new entities. Our data shown that fibrosis is a poor prognostic factor in MDS subjects without excess blasts. These subjects tend to have more aggressive clinical manifestations than other MDS subjects with low blasts. Collectively, we propose to integrate these two classifications into one pipeline for diagnosis of MDS (Figure 2), avoiding disadvantages for each one. Bing Liand Zhijian Xiao were co-corresponding authors

Aggression Severity as a Predictor of Mortality in Dementia

ObjectivesIn psychogeriatric units for patients with dementia and behavioral problems, aggression is prevalent. Predictions and timely interventions of aggression are essential to create a safe environment and prevent adverse outcomes. Our study aimed to determine whether aggression severity early during admission to these units could be used as an indicator of adverse outcomes. DesignDuring one year, all aggressive incidents on a psychogeriatric unit were systematically recorded using the Revised Staff Observation of Aggression Scale (SOAS-R). The study investigated the link between the severity of incidents within the first 48 hours of admission and adverse outcomes. Setting and ParticipantsAll patients included in the study were admitted to a psychogeriatric unit for dementia and behavioral problems between November 2020 and October 2021. MethodsThe study population was categorized into groups according to the level of aggression severity during the first 48 hours of admission. The impact of aggression severity on the duration of admission, aggression frequency and severity during admission, medication usage at discharge, discharge destination, and mortality risk were examined. ResultsDuring the initial 2 days of admission, 9 of 88 patients had 1 or more severe aggression incidents. An early manifestation of severe aggression was significantly associated with more incidents during hospitalization, a higher total SOAS-R score, and a sevenfold higher 1-year mortality risk compared with patients who did not or only mildly manifested aggression in the first 48 hours of admission. Conclusions and ImplicationsAn early manifestation of aggression not only poses a direct safety risk to all involved but is also an early indicator of patients at risk for more detrimental outcomes, specifically mortality risk. By identifying patients at higher risk for adverse outcomes early, health care providers can provide preventive or timelier interventions, mitigating the risk of adverse outcomes and optimizing care services.

Ценностные ориентации курсантов МВД России как регулятор личностной агрессивности

The research presents the results of the analysis of correlation between value orientations and the level of aggression of cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The hierarchical structure of values that prevents the manifestations of aggression in the cadet environment is determined. The specific system of interpersonal relations of cadets with a high level of personal aggression is revealed. The found out correlation of cadets’ value orientations with the indicators of interpersonal relations in the service community makes it possible to correct the process of mastering the profession and minimise the risks of deviant behaviour in professional activity.

Профилактика явлений абьюза и буллинга в студенческой среде вуза

The article is devoted to the study of the prevention of such phenomena as bullying and abuse, which often occur among students of higher professional education. The scale of these phenomena in educational institu-tions is analyzed. The causes, types and the existing system of prevention of these negative forms of interac-tion between students are studied. It is emphasized that both social and verbal bullying are widespread in high-er education institutions. The article provides the results of a survey, which shows the results that students from families that belong to weak resource groups, most often during the training period, became victims of: verbal, financial, cyber, social and physical bullying. This issue is very relevant all over the world, both in the past and in the present. These phenomena are poorly studied, it is necessary to intensify the research activities of the scientific community in this direction in order to develop an effective system of measures to prevent and control these manifestations of aggression in the youth environment. Thus, the article presents the author's program of bullying prevention.

The Role of Family and Media Environment on Aggressive Behaviour in Bulgarian Schools

The article examines the influence of two of the main social environments on students’ aggressive behaviours. On the one hand, attention is paid to the general socio-psychological climate in the family environment and the attitude of the parents towards the child; and on the other hand, a less frequently studied aspect related to aggressive manifestations of the children and adolescents towards the parents is addressed. The study explores how watching TV shows and movies, as well as video games, in which aggression and violence predominate, is connected to the frequency and degree of manifestation of types of aggression in adolescents. The survey was conducted at the end of 2017 among 992 students in 18 primary schools, secondary schools, and vocational schools/high schools in six different cities in different regions of Bulgaria. A structured questionnaire for the study of aggression in school was designed and was intended for students. The results of the study generally show that the verbal aggression towards parents (insulting and shouting) is mostly associated with verbal aggression towards both teachers and classmates. Regarding the influence of TV shows and movies containing aggression, it was found that students who watched movies with military, fighting and bloody scenes demonstrated more frequent manifestations of verbal aggression, but the TV contents did not significantly influence the manifestations of indirect aggression and physical aggression. However, the frequency of playing video games with aggressive content has a significant effect on all investigated forms of aggression, with the strongest effect on physical aggression. Aggression in social networks is a significant factor that affects the frequency of manifestation of various forms of aggression. Students who bully others on social networks stand out as the most aggressive (verbally, physically, and indirectly).

Музыкальное искусство России начала ХХ века: Expansio

The essay is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon as the aggressiveness complex in the history of the Russian musical art of the early XX century. The author focuses on the peculiarities of formation and development of the phenomenon in question in I. Stravinsky’s, S. Prokofiev’s works. In particular, the manifestations of aggressiveness in Stravinsky’s ballet “The Rite of Spring” (1913) are analysed in detail. In addition, attention is paid to musical grotesque, which came into contact with the aggressiveness complex in certain manifestations, in the works of Russian composers of the early XX century. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that it is important to note the mood of the early XX century itself, its tendency to such manifestations, which resulted from time to time in breakthroughs of open extremism: one of the missions of this century was to open the gateway to the flow of aggressiveness, negativism, rigidity and alienation. That is why it is necessary to reflect not so much on art as on reality itself, which put forward such phenomena that were reflected in the mirror of artistic creativity.