ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ НА ОТДАЛЁННЫХ ЭТАПАХ И ИХ ПСИХОТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ КОРРЕКЦИЯ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Abstract

The need to analyze the literature to study information about the psycho-emotional consequences of cancer in children and adolescents at long-term stages, as well as their psychotherapeutic correction, is dictated by the high prevalence of mental disorders in the long-term period and insufficient knowledge of the possibility of their compensation. Purpose: to analyze the literature to study the psycho-emotional consequences of cancer in patients who suffered cancer in childhood or adolescence, as well as the psychotherapeutic correction of these patients. General information. Stress factors associated with cancer cause many psychological problems and affect all aspects of a child’s life, including causing serious changes in the emotional, cognitive, personal and behavioral spheres. Many emerging disorders persist even in the stage of long-term remission, causing a decrease in the quality of life and difficulties in social adaptation. In pediatric patients, the condition is characterized by pronounced asthenia, emotional instability, a large number of fears, and aggressive manifestations. neurocognitive disorders, difficulty learning, mastering new skills, problems with memory, concentration and attention, speed of information processing, depression. Also often mentioned: fear of illness, low self-esteem, difficulty returning to school and to a group of emotionally significant peers, dependence on adults who care for them during treatment, behavioral deviations, sleep disorders, more frequent depressive reactions, increased anxiety, change perception of the world and oneself in it and much more. Psychotherapeutic correction in combination with psychopharmacotherapy shows itself to be the most effective. In some cases, psychotherapeutic effects used as monotherapy are effective. Psychotherapy for conditions caused by stress is based on pathogenetic principles based on the psychology of relationships. The goal of psychotherapeutic work with adolescents and children with cancer is, first of all, prevention and correction of psychopathological reactions. Individual psychotherapy, which allows you to devote more time and attention to the child than group work, is proving to be the most effective in practice today. Among the many psychotherapeutic techniques used in the structure of assistance to children and adolescents, the most widely used are body-oriented therapy, short-term interpersonal therapy, and art therapy. To reduce the incidence of mental pathology after illness and achieve its maximum compensation, a multidisciplinary approach is required.