Aggressive Components Research Articles

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАБОРА ПРОЧНОСТИ ТЯЖЕЛОГО БЕТОНА В АГРЕССИВНОЙ СРЕДЕ. С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СУЛЬФАТОСТОЙКОГО ЦЕМЕНТА

Experimental data are presented on changes in the compressive strength of heavy concrete using sulfate-resistant cement, Crimean aggregates and additives based on polycarboxylate ethers when kept in an aggressive environment - liquid from water treatment facilities in an urban-type settlement Gvardeiskoe, Simferopol district, Republic of Crimea. Compositions of heavy concrete have been developed using hyperplasticizing (polycarboxylate) additives that are capable of increasing their physical and mechanical characteristics over time when operating in aggressive environments. It is relevant to further develop the theoretical and experimental foundations for the production of cement concrete using the latest generation of superplasticizing additives based on polycarboxylates for wastewater treatment and recreational facilities. The durability of cement concrete is a key issue when using it in wastewater treatment and recreational facilities. Cement concrete can be susceptible to sulfate corrosion. Sulfates have a complex mechanism of action on the chemically active component of concrete - cement stone. Sulfates have a complex mechanism of action on the chemically active component of concrete - cement stone. The corrosive effect can increase or decrease depending on the concentration of aggressive components, with varying levels of exposure to salt solutions on the concrete structure, periodic drying, and partial immersion. This is due to the fact that the chemical processes of interaction between an aggressive environment and cement stone in concrete are influenced by physical processes of mass transfer of soluble components and crystallization of corrosion products or soluble components, which can accelerate or inhibit chemical processes. The parameters of the strength characteristics of the optimized compositions at different periods of strength gain have been established, and the average density and water resistance of the optimized concrete compositions have been established.

Nanocomposite complex ZnO in combination with a triazoloazepinium derivative for inhibition of microbial steel corrosion

We have established the possibility of using ZnO nanoparticles to inhibit microbial corrosion with simultaneous inhibition of growth and sulfate-reducing activity of bacteria of the corrosive active group. The search for ways to increase the antibacterial and anticorrosive effect of ZnO nanoparticles makes it possible to combine them with substances, in particular, inhibitors-biocides of microbial steel corrosion. The nanocomposite complex of ZnO nanoparticles and cationic heterocyclic compound (triazoloazepinium derivative) was studied as a biocide and inhibitor of microbial corrosion on steel. The component concentrations are 3 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL accordingly. The experiments were carried out by using a microbiological and corrosion control methods. It has been established that the proposed nanocomposite complex affects the number of bacteria in the plankton and biofilm. In its presence, there is a complete inhibition of the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (the most aggressive component of the microbial community) in plankton. Also, the number of denitrifying bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in plankton decreases by 3 and 4 orders, respectively. The biofilm formed in the presence of the nanocomposite in the culture medium is less dense in terms of the number of bacterial cells of the sulfidogenic community.

Aggressiveness Level of Martial Arts Participants in Children

This study aims to determine the existence of martial arts concerning the level of aggressiveness in children. This study used quantitative methods with a comparative ex post facto causal design. The population in this study is children aged 10-12 years who live in West Java with categories of martial arts participants including taekwondo, pencak silat, and karate and the non-martial arts category. The study sample amounted to 118 from each group. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling by determining research needs criteria. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire totaling 29 questions with 4 components of aggressiveness, namely: physical aggressiveness, verbal aggressiveness, anger, and hostility. Data analysis techniques use SPSS by conducting descriptive statistical tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and Wilcoxon tests. Wilcoxon test results obtained significance values (sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 was accepted. So, there is an average difference between martial arts participants and non-martial arts participants in terms of aggressiveness. There is a difference in the level of aggressiveness between martial arts participants and non-martial arts participants as evidenced by the average score of pencak silat participants being relatively high compared to the average score of non-pencak silat participants. The type of aggressiveness that is greatest among martial arts participants is hostile aggressiveness and the type of martial arts that gives rise to the greatest hostile aggressiveness is pencak silat martial arts. This can be seen from the descriptive statistics of the average scores of the two groups which state that the highest aggressiveness in pencak silat participants is hostile attitudes.

Clinicopathological analysis of hybrid carcinomas of the salivary glands: A systematic review

Hybrid carcinomas (HC) are the association of two or more malignant neoplasms arising within the same topographical area. The present study is a systematic review of HC of the salivary glands. This study aimed to assess HC clinicopathological features and molecular profile. Observational studies, case series, and case reports were included. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Lilacs, Web of Science, and gray literature were searched until June 2024. A total of 18 articles including 34 patients were included. HC of the salivary glands is presented as a painless mass affecting mainly the parotid gland of adults with a preference for male patients. Histologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma were the most prevalent association, being surgical excision with radiotherapy the most common treatment. The most aggressive component, even when representing only a small proportion of the tumor, should guide the patient's treatment. Further molecular studies are necessary to determine if HC are distinct entities or biologically identical to the individual neoplasms. In conclusion, this systematic review may contribute to a better understanding of this rare lesion, their biological behavior, treatments employed, and the outcome of these patients.

Empathy, personality, and aggression in male and female adolescents

The relationship between empathy and aggression is inconclusive, with substantial evidence revealing moderator effects of factors such as age, sex, and personality. This study examines whether sex differences or sex similarities stem from the relationship between empathy, personality, and aggression. There were 197 adolescents enrolled in secondary education (89 males and 108 females), who completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Females scored higher than males in empathy factors (fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress), neuroticism, and in aggression (anger and hostility). Males and females showed similar outcomes in the association between perspective taking and personal distress with anger and hostility. Extraversion and neuroticism failed to explain additional variance in instrumental aggression (physical and verbal). Neuroticism, however, explained a meaningful larger amount of variance in the affective and cognitive components of aggression beyond empathy measures for both males and females, anger (9%) and hostility (15%), respectively. The findings suggest that, regardless of sex, empathy appears important for instrumental aggression (physical, verbal), whereas neuroticism is a robust predictor of affective and cognitive aggression (anger, hostility).

Cauchy problem for modeling of unsteady mass transfer processes in an unbounded plate by the integral laplace transform method

The article outlines the formulation and solution of the problem of physical and mathematical modeling of non-stationary processes of mass transfer of chemical components of the structure of reinforced concrete enclosing structures under the influence of factors (chemical, biological) of the operating environment. The theory of operational calculus (integral transformations) is used as a mathematical apparatus for jointly solving Cauchy and Laplace problems. To solve the problem and study the processes considered in the article, a dimensionless plate with a dimensionless concentration of aggressive components on its surface was chosen as an idealized model of the enclosing structure. Carbon dioxide, dissolved in the liquid and penetrating with it into the material of the structure through pores and microcracks, was chosen as an aggressive component acting on the enclosing structure. The final solutions of the considered boundary value problems are presented for the case of constant values of the kinetic coefficients of external and internal mass transfer. The results presented in this work can be used in the development of software for predicting the strength characteristics of enclosing structures operating in aggressive environments. Thanks to the obtained solutions to the problems of non-stationary mass transfer processes, using the example of the consequences of carbon dioxide corrosion, it is possible to consider the time period of the life cycle of buildings and structures, the timing of repair work with greater accuracy.

Silicon nonspecifically affects aggressiveness in Fusarium head blight pathogens

Silicon (Si) has been largely regarded to have no selection pressure on plant pathogens because it regulates plant defense system to reduce pathogen infection and development and does not directly affect pathogen itself; however, its effect seems to be specific in some pathogen-host plant interactions. In Fusarium head blight (FHB), associated with devastating agronomic effects on total yield and grain quality, which infects higher Si-absorbers and –accumulators wheat and barley plants; its effect on aggressiveness is unknown. To clarify the nature of reduction of FHB symptoms upon Si treatment at the earliest and latest development stages, we analyzed Si effect on nine aggressiveness components obtained under several experimental conditions. We used 16 fungal isolates of varying aggressiveness and eight bread wheat, durum wheat and barley cultivars with contrast susceptibility to disease. The positive effect of Si on enhancing host resistance against Fusarium infection in the young and adult host parts showed that the nine components evaluated in this study were negatively impacted by Si. Definitely, Si at 1.7 mM reduced equally FHB symptoms from the highest and least pathogenic isolates of the four tested Fusarium species regardless of botanical background for the used plant materials. This indicates for the first time that Si nonspecifically affects aggressiveness in FHB pathogens. Our results reveal that Si could be a valuable tool in integrated pathogen management by suppressing pathogen development on wheat and barley when affected by Fusarium. Most importantly, no hazard exists to emergence of Si-resistant pathogen populations upon Si applications on diverse FHB populations.

Development of technology for intensification of oil production using emulsion based on natural gasoline and solutions of nitrite compounds

This article focuses on the issue of enhancing oil production by eliminating asphalt, resin, and paraffin deposits (ARPD). These deposits pose significant challenges, including equipment clogging, reduced well productivity, and increased maintenance costs. Moreover, paraffin deposits can damage well equipment, cause accidents, and halt hydrocarbon production. The study involved laboratory and field experiments at the Uzen field to evaluate the efficiency of removing and dissolving paraffin using an emulsion composed of gas gasoline and nitrite compound solutions. Previous studies conducted at NGDU Uzenneft were critically analyzed for comparison. The scientific innovation of this research lies in the development of an emulsion based on gas gasoline and nitrite compound solutions to remove ARPD. The composition was designed to exclude highly aggressive components. It utilized a previously developed emulsion base and incorporated ammonium nitrite, slightly acidified with hydrogen chloride (0.1% by mass), to promote an exothermic reaction.The effectiveness of this technology was measured by changes in daily oil production rates, the duration of the treatment's effect, and changes in the well productivity coefficient before and after treatment.Results indicate that the developed technology successfully removed paraffin from the bottomhole zone of oil wells and increased oil production in 5 out of 6 wells at the Uzen field. The positive effect lasted 17-27 days, with oil inflow increasing by 17-174%. This led to a total additional oil production of 1528 tons from the five wells. Keywords: bottomhole formation zone; asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits; nitrite composition; surfactants; enhanced oil recovery.

FORECASTING THE FINAL RESOURCE OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE CHIMNEY PIPE OF THE COKE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION

A comprehensive study of the technical condition, corrosion processes, damage and load-bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete chimney pipe, which removes the gas-smoke mixture formed in the technological processes of coke-chemical production and is an aggressive environment, was performed. A methodology for predicting the remaining resource of the pipe structure has been developed. It was established that the damage that determines the ultimate resource is the collapse of the lining, after which active corrosion damage of the reinforced concrete structure occurs. An analysis of the composition and temperature-moisture regime of the aggressive medium was performed. It was established that it is gaseous, the most aggressive components of which are acid gases, the degree of aggressive action is moderately aggressive, possibly strongly aggressive. Corrosion of concrete progresses in a concentric front from the inner surface of the chimney to the outer surface at a rate of 1.2 to 4.8 mm/year. The corroded layer of concrete loses its strength and protective properties to the reinforcement. An analysis of the stress-strain state of the pipe taking into account corrosion damage was performed, the most heavily loaded dangerous zone and its structure were determined, and the limit values of the wall thickness and the depth of corrosion damage in this zone were determined, which ensure the fulfillment of the conditions for bearing capacity. Based on the values of the corrosion rate, the time to reach the limit state is determined. It is shown that without repair and protection measures, the remaining service life of the pipe does not exceed 11 years. It is recommended to carry out a major repair of the pipe as soon as possible with the elimination of damage and restoration of the lining, or no later than after 10 years to carry out the liquidation of the structure with the construction of a new one.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF COMPLICATED OIL AND GAS WELLS

"Improving the efficiency of operation of complicated oil and gas wells" is relevant in the context of the modern oil and gas industry, where there is a growing need to optimize the processes of production and operation of wells to ensure sustainable and efficient production of hydrocarbons.The research is aimed at identifying innovative approaches and technologies that can improve the efficiency of oil and gas wells, especially those characterized by complicated geological conditions, high fluid viscosity, the presence of aggressive components and other difficulties.The study includes an analysis of existing technologies, methods and tools used in oil and gas production inorder to identify their shortcomings and opportunities for optimization. Particular attention is paid to the development of integrated management and monitoring systems capable of providing well operators with up-to-date information for quick decision-making.In the course of the research, it is also expected to develop new technological solutions aimed at reducing costs and increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon production. This may include the creation of new materials for casing pipes, the use of advanced methods of geological structure research, as well as the optimization of production intensification methods.The results of this study can be used not only in the oil and gas production industry, but also in the development of energy policy aimed at sustainable and efficient use of energy resources.

Spatial whole exome sequencing reveals the genetic features of highly-aggressive components in lung adenocarcinoma

In invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), patients with micropapillary (MIP) or solid (SOL) components had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with only lepidic (LEP), acinar (ACI) or papillary (PAP) components. It is interesting to explore the genetic features of different histologic subtypes, especially the highly aggressive components.Based on a cohort of 5,933 patients, this study observed that in different tumor size groups, LUAD with MIP/SOL components showed a different prevalence, and patients with ALK alteration or TP53 mutations had a higher probability of developing MIP/SOL components. To control individual differences, this research used spatial whole-exome sequencing (WES) via laser-capture microdissection of five patients harboring these five coexistent components and identified genetic features among different histologic components of the same tumor. In tracing the evolution of components, we found that titin (TTN) mutation might serve as a crucial intratumor potential driver for MIP/SOL components, which was validated by a cohort of 146 LUAD patients undergoing bulk WES. Functional analysis revealed that TTN mutations enriched the complement and coagulation cascades, which correlated with the pathway of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation.Collectively, the histologic subtypes of invasive LUAD were genetically different, and certain trunk genotypes might synergize with branching TTN mutation to develop highly aggressive components.

Addressing Combative Behaviour in Spanish Bulls by Measuring Hormonal Indicators.

The fighting bull is characterised by its natural aggressiveness, but the physiological mechanisms that underlie its aggressive behaviour are poorly studied. This study determines the hormonal component of aggressiveness in fighting bulls by analysing their behaviour during a fight and correlating it to their serotonin, dopamine and testosterone levels. We also determine whether aggressive behaviour can be estimated in calves. Using 195 animals, samples were obtained when the animals were calves and after 5 years. Aggressiveness scores were obtained by an observational method during bullfights, and serotonin, dopamine and testosterone levels were determined in all animals using validated enzyme immunoassay kits. The results revealed a strong correlation of serotonin and dopamine levels with aggressiveness scores in bulls during fights, but no correlation was found with respect to testosterone. These correlations led to established cut-off point and linear regression curves to obtain expected aggressiveness scores for calves at shoeing. There were no significant differences between the expected scores obtained in calves and the observed scores in bulls. Therefore, this study demonstrates that hormone determination in calves may be a great indicator of combativeness in bulls and can reliably be used in the selection of fighting bulls.

Borderline personality disorder and aggressive behavior: A study based on the DSM-5 alternative model

IntroductionUnplanned reactive aggressive acts are a clinical feature of particular interest in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The early identification of personality traits correlated to aggressive behavior is certainly desirable in BDP populations. This study analyzes a clinical sample of 122 adult outpatients with BPD referred to Adult Mental Health Services of the Department of Mental Health of Bologna, in Italy. MethodsThe study examines the relationship with personality facets of the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD), Personality Inventory for DSM (PID-5), with respect to the four main components of aggression measured by the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ): hostility, anger, verbal and physical aggression. Using robust regression models, the relationships between PID-5 facets and domains and the aggression components under consideration were identified. ResultsVerbal and physical aggression in our sample of BPD outpatients is mainly associated to PID-5 antagonism domain. Physically aggressive behavior is also related to callousness facet. ConclusionsThe traits most consistently associated with aggression were the domain of Antagonism and the facet of Hostility. The study findings highlight the need for clinicians working with individuals with BPD to pay particular attention to traits of hostility, callousness, and hostility to understand aggression.

Weaknesses of Chinese Stocks as a Factor Influencing Russian – Ukrainian War

The stock markets of developed countries, as a reflection of current social processes, can perform the function of testing the prerequisites and consequences of military conflicts, hypothetical alliances, and natural disasters. In the case of the Russian-Ukrainian war, Chinese business as a tangential component of Russian aggression due to the refusal to support sanctions, significantly increased investment, and trade flows may be the object of such an analysis. The state of Chinese shares on the stock markets of the USA, Europe, and inside domestic markets reveals the need to reorient the priorities of local businesses FROM ‘RUSSIAN ORIENTED’ TO ‘EUROPEAN ORIENTED’. Such a reorientation will have a negative impact on the current state of the Russian economy and the course of the Russian-Ukrainian war. To confirm this hypothesis, the optimal stock portfolio tool and appropriate Python packages were applied.

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification Training on Psychological Symptoms and Self-Care in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Diabetes is a disease that endangers the health of many individuals in society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification training on psychological symptoms and self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials: The study employed a pre-test post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Association and hospitals in Gilangharb province, in 2020. A total of 45 individuals (divided into a lifestyle modification intervention group and a control group) were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the SCL-90-R and the Toobert and Glasgow Self-Care Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance tests, as well as the LSD post hoc test, utilizing the SPSS software. Findings: The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that after controlling for pre-test effects, F was significant at the 0.05 level for "psychological symptoms" components. In other words, there were significant differences in the post-test scores of these variables between the "experimental group" and the "control group". The results also showed differences between the two intervention groups and the control group in the self-care variable. Furthermore, the lifestyle modification training intervention was effective in components of psychological symptoms, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, aggression, phobia, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism dimensions. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lifestyle modification training was effective in improving psychological symptoms and self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes, and this psychological approach can be used to improve the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Вплив вмісту фенолів на деякі експлуатаційні властивості вбирних олив

DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2024-0-1-15-21 Specialty 161. U.D.C. 66.074.382:665.004.12 INFLUENCE OF PHENOL CONTENT ON SOME OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF ABSORBENT OILS © S.V. Nesterenko, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, (State Enterprise “Ukrainian State Research Institute for Carbochemistry (UKHIN)”, 7 Vesnina str., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine), A.L. Bannikov (National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2, Kyrpychova str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine) The shutdown of centralized processing of phenolic raw materials once again raises the issue of the need to implement the process of dephenolization of the wash oil and to consider the feasibility of standardizing the phenol content in it. This problem has a history as long as the use of a coal tar wash oil as absorbent for capturing benzene hydrocarbons. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of studying the effects of oil degradation initiators such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, resins, iron and corrosion products. The purpose of this study was to conduct an experiment to determine the effect of phenol content in the absorbing oil on certain characteristics. This was intended to provide additional arguments to justify the feasibility of implementing the process of dephenolization of benzene hydrocarbon absorbers. A mixture of phenols was added to the sample of working oil in the following approximate ratio, in which they are in the absorbing fraction, namely 30 % xylenol isomers, 5 % cresol isomers, 65 % higher phenols (β-naphthol). Electrochemical determination of the corrosion rate of the solution obtained from aqueous extracts of oil samples showed that the presence of phenols does not increase corrosion processes caused by the presence of aggressive components. It can even be argued that the presence of phenols somewhat reduces corrosion processes by forming a film on the metal surface or reducing the concentration of active components near its surface. It was found that oil with phenol additives above the usual phenol content does not show a significant increase in the tendency to coke formation. On the contrary, higher phenols are inhibitors of radical oxidation reactions, which occur up to a certain limit in the processes of coke formation. Moreover, phenols show some inhibitory effect in a fairly wide temperature range (430-800 °C). Keywords: absorbent oil, phenols, dephenolization of the heavy fraction, corrosion rate, coke number. Corresponding author: S.V. Nesterenko, e-mail: nesterhnamg@gmail.com

Research on the Morphology of the Working Surfaces of Contacts Used in Starters in the Agro-Industrial Sector.

The operational suitability of electromagnetic starters equipped with experimental contacts has been substantiated within their use in electrical installations of the agro-industrial sector, which may be affected by the environments containing aggressive components. Tests on commutation wear resistance and investigations on arc erosion of the series-produced contact parts of such starters as PML-1100O4, PML-2100O4 (versions A and B; contact material-CpH-90, CpM-0,2 + M1, KMK-A10m, respectively) and PML-1100O4 starter with the experimental copper-based contact parts (Cu + Nb + Zr + Y2O3; Cu + Mo + MoO3 + C + Ni; Cu + Cr + TiB2 + Nb + C + Zr) have been conducted. The influence of energy parameters of a commutated circuit on the value of electro-erosion wear, the morphology of the working surfaces of contacts and contact resistance have been determined. Investigation results have been obtained by conducting a set of tests on electromagnetic starters at the experimental plant that simulates the operating conditions of the AC-3 application category. The impact of the electric arc of alternative current on the arc erosion of silver-based and copper-based contact materials have been determined by using a scanning electron microscope Cambridge Stereoscan S4-10 equipped with an attachment for X-ray spectroscopic analysis, Link System-290 and an X-ray microanalyzer Camebax SX-50 (CAMECA, Gennevilliers, France). A metallographic analysis of the contact surfaces has been conducted, which contributed to the determination of the patterns of erosive destruction of bridging contacts based on Ag and Cu. Evolution of the eroded morphology of contacts and the surface components of electrical contacts under the influence of an arc have been characterized. In addition, contact mass loss and the dependence of contact resistance have been studied. When manufacturing the experimental contacts, it is possible to abandon the use of silver, which is significantly cost saving, and not to use dangerous contact additives that are hazardous to the environment and people's health.

RESEARCH OF WEAR RESISTANCE AND MECHANISM OF ABRASIVE WEAR OF GAS THERMAL METALLIZED COATINGS USED FOR SEM PROTECTION

Complicated operating conditions of oilfield equipment during oil production using ESPs require the use of additional measures to protect its main components from the effects of negative factors. One of the main and significant negative factors influencing the corrosive aggressiveness of the environment is the water cut of the produced oil, which contains a large amount of dissolved gases, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, which are characterized by high corrosive aggressiveness and are the main risk factors leading to corrosion of the oil field. equipment and their premature failure. The housings of submersible electric motors (SEM) are the most susceptible to corrosion of the ESP unit. According to statistics, about 70% of failures occur in the motor housing. Of the variety of protection methods, the application of gas-thermal metallization coatings is the most widely used for protecting motor housings. Despite the effectiveness of this method of protection, it does not exclude the occurrence of corrosion processes in the metal of the motor housing and possible damage and destruction. This article is devoted to studies of the corrosion behavior of various types of metallization coatings used to protect SEDs under the influence of one of the main aggressive components — carbon dioxide dissolved in the mineralized aqueous phase, by conducting autoclave tests that simulate in laboratory conditions the operation of the material, in particular its corrosion resistance when exposed to a corrosive environment.Conducting research in this area is an urgent task aimed at solving the problems of reducing the service life of oilfield equipment and their premature failure, in particular motor drive housings during operation in difficult conditions.

Social Support Seeking Among Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Analysis of Lived Experiences

Abstract Purpose Intimate partner violence against women is a major source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. In this study, 131 testimonies of female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are examined to study the factors associated with victims’ decision to seek social support (formal and informal). Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with female victims of IPV in Spain. The IRaMuTeQ 7 software was used to analyze the discourses. A total of 10,845 words with 1183 different forms were examined. Results The analysis identified six clusters. Cluster 1 (18% of the total content) reflects the emotional component of aggression (fear of death). Cluster 2 (13.1%) describes psychological aggression (threatening), and Cluster 3 (17.2%) refers to the use of power within relationships (control). Cluster 6 (13.8%) includes different types of physical aggression (hitting); and Clusters 4 (21%) and 5 (16.9%) refer to formal (judging) and informal (friends) social support. Conclusions Results indicated a strong association between emotions (e.g., fear of dying) and physical and psychological aggression. Non-fatal strangulation represented an extreme form of physical violence that was used to control women increasing the risk of violence becoming lethal. Women tended to seek more support when the violence increased, and they perceived a greater risk to their children. There was an association between suffering violence, power, control, and seeking formal and informal social support. Results have significant implications to interrupt coercive control processes and to motivate help seeking behaviors in victims of IPV.

The Parrot–Owner Relationship and Problem Behaviors in Parrots

ABSTRACT While parrots are popular birds to keep as pets, little is known about the relationship between them and their owners and about the frequency of the problematic behaviors they display. The data for this study were collected using an anonymous questionnaire that consisted of three parts: basic questions about owners and their parrots; a “Parrot Owner Relationship Scale” (PORS), modified from the “Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale” (MDORS); and questions about the frequency of behavioral problems in the parrots. The questionnaire, shared on social media, yielded 354 respondents. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the PORS revealed a picture very similar to that previously found for dog owners. The components were “Owner interaction,” “Emotional closeness,” and “Perceived cost,” and they explained 42% of the total variance, with all three components exceeding Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.72. The PORS subscales were similar to those obtained from the MDORS, indicating that relationships between owners and their parrots can be described in similar terms to those used to describe the relationships between owners and their dogs. Answers related to behavioral problems were given on a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 = never and 5 = always. A low frequency of behavioral problems was reported (between 1.14 and 3.23), with the three most common being excessive vocalizations (3.23), fearful behavior (2.33), and the parrot stealing human food (2.34). A PCA revealed three components, “Aggression,” “Fear,” and “Non-social behavior,” that explained 45% of the variance. The Aggression component was associated with all aspects of the social relationship with the owner. Thus all three components that were used to quantify the relationship between an owner and their parrot had measurable associations with the parrot’s aggression.