Silver Nanoparticles Ag Research Articles

Hindering the biofilm of microbial pathogens and cancer cell lines development using silver nanoparticles synthesized by epidermal mucus proteins from Clarias gariepinus

Scientists know very little about the mechanisms underlying fish skin mucus, despite the fact that it is a component of the immune system. Fish skin mucus is an important component of defence against invasive infections. Recently, Fish skin and its mucus are gaining interest among immunologists. Characterization was done on the obtained silver nanoparticles Ag combined with Clarias gariepinus catfish epidermal mucus proteins (EMP-Ag-NPs) through UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. Ag-NPs ranged in size from 4 to 20 nm, spherical in form and the angles were 38.10°, 44.20°, 64.40°, and 77.20°, Where wavelength change after formation of EMP-Ag-NPs as indicate of dark brown, the broad band recorded at wavelength at 391 nm. Additionally, the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities of EMP-Ag-NPs was assessed. The present results demonstrate high activity against unicellular fungi C. albicans, followed by E. faecalis. Antibiofilm results showed strong activity against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa pathogens in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting planktonic cell growth. Also, cytotoxicity effect was investigated against normal cells (Vero), breast cancer cells (Mcf7) and hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines at concentrations (200–6.25 µg/mL) and current results showed highly anticancer effect of Ag-NPs at concentrations 100, 5 and 25 µg/mL exhibited rounding, shrinkage, deformation and granulation of Mcf7 and HepG2 with IC50 19.34 and 31.16 µg/mL respectively while Vero cells appeared rounded at concentration 50 µg/mL and normal shape at concentration 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/ml with IC50 35.85 µg/mL. This study evidence the potential efficacy of biologically generated Ag-NPs as a substitute medicinal agent against harmful microorganisms. Furthermore, it highlights their inhibitory effect on cancer cell lines.

Enhancing antimicrobial activity and reducing cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles through gelatin nanoparticles.

Aim: To develop a novel stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the aim of enhancing its antibacterial efficacy against wound associated pathogens while mitigating their cytotoxic effect on human cells. Materials & methods: In this study, monodispersed gelatin nanoparticles were synthesized to stabilize AgNPs. The stability, antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of the gelatin-stabilized AgNPs (Gel-AgNPs) were compared with citrate-stabilized AgNPs (citrate-AgNPs) or silver ions. Results & conclusion: Gelatin-stabilized AgNPs showed significantly better antibacterial activities compared with citrate-stabilized AgNPs against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These Gel-AgNPs showed significantly lower cytotoxicity to human dermal fibroblasts compared with Ag+. These findings provided the first evidence substantiating a novel functionality of gelatin nanoparticles in both stabilizing and enhancing the activity of AgNPs.

Luminescence characterization of BioGlass undoped and doped with europium and silver ions

The objective of this study was to investigate the properties of BioGlass, with and without doping with europium and silver, with a specific focus on its potential application in thermoluminescent (TL) and optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimetry. The structural and optical characteristics of the samples were also analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption (OA), and fluorescence spectroscopy (FL). An XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous phase of the BioGlass. OA and FL spectra were obtained at room temperature, and characteristic bands of dopant ions were observed which confirmed the incorporation of the Eu3+ ions and silver nanoparticles Ag(NP) ion into the BioGlass. The OSL decay curves exhibited a characteristic exponential behavior, with a notable presence of fast and medium decay components; this suggests that the charge traps within the BioGlass samples possess a high photoionization cross section when exposed to blue LEDs, which are commonly used as the light source in OSL readers. Different TL glow peaks with varying shapes of the glow curve were observed when the dopant, the co-dopant, and the concentration of silver were altered in the samples. The TL kinetic parameters were determined, such as the order value, activation energy, and frequency factor, and the OSL parameters for the compound were also analyzed, including an exponential fit to the curves. Based on these initial results, we conclude that BioGlass has the potential for use in radiation dosimetry.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Utilizing Leaf Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. for Catalytic Dyes Degradation and Colorimetric Sensing of Fe3+/Hg2.

The aqueous Trigonella foenum-graecum L. leaf extract belonging to variety HM 444 was used as reducing agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. UV-Visible spectroscopy, Particle size analyser (PSA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize AgNPs. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirmed the formation of metallic Ag. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was done to find out the possible phytochemicals responsible for stabilization and capping of the AgNPs. The produced AgNPs had an average particle size of 21 nm, were spherical in shape, and monodispersed. It showed catalytic degradation of Methylene blue (96.57%, 0.1665 ± 0.03 min-1), Methyl orange (71.45%, 0.1054 ± 0.002 min-1), and Rhodamine B (92.72%, 0.2004 ± 0.01 min-1). The produced AgNPs were excellent solid bio-based sensors because they were very sensitive to Hg2+ and Fe3+ metal ions with a detection limit of 11.17 µM and 195.24 µM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was suggested that aqueous leaf extract demonstrated a versatile and cost-effective method and should be utilized in future as green technology for the fabrication of nanoparticles.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles / CM-Chitosan-Isopropanol by Gamma Irradiations Method

The present study demonstrates a green process for the synthesis of spherical-shaped and stabilized silver nanoparticles Ag NPs using gamma irradiated conditions. This method has certain advantages over conventional methods since it can manage the particle size and structure and generates totally reduced and extremely pure nanoparticles free from by-products or chemical reducing agents. Silver nanoparticles composite (Ag NPs / CM) is prepared from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, chitosan and isopropanol, at room temperature using gamma irradiation doses to induce reduction and cross-linking to formation in situ Ag NPs/ CM-chitosan-isopropanol solutions. The production and homogenous distribution of silver nanoparticles in the hydrogel matrix were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, XRD, Zeta potential and UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis. The silver/ CM-chitosan-isopropanol matrixes possessed different gamma doses using a Co- 60 gamma source. Through the comprehensive results of IR- Ag NPs /(CM- chitosan isopropanol solutions due to antibacterial activity test, the results show the prepared Ag NPs /CM-chitosan-isopropanol could be used as an antibacterial agent. The obtained Ag nanoparticles were stable for over 3 months at room temperature. the analysis outcomes indicate that the colloidal Solution (silver nanoparticles / (CM chitosan - isopropanol)) has a promising ability to be used in antibacterial applications in the future.

In English

The addition of silver ions or nanoparticles to impart antimicrobial properties to polymeric or other materials is a widely used method. However, it should be noted that the antiviral and antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles that come into contact with the environment, associated with their size, with a decrease in the size of nanoparticles, their effectiveness increases sharply. In the present work, we used a biodegradable polymer polylactide (PLA), which is obtained by condensation of lactic acid or ring-opening polymerization of lactide. These studies will further contribute to the development of new safe materials, in particular for food packaging, which is undoubtedly an urgent problem. The work aims is to obtain the silver-containing polymer composites based on polylactide by thermochemical reduction of Ag+ ions using natural (chitosan) and synthetic (polyethyleneimine (PEI)) polymers and to study the structure, morphology, thermomechanical and antimicrobial properties of the obtained nanocomposites. Thermochemical reduction of Ag+ ions in the bulk of polymer films, containing PLA, silver palmitate as a precursor of Ag NP and reducing agent (PEI or chitosan), has been performed by keeping them at 100–170 °C within 5 minutes. The polymeric film composites, cast from chloroform solution, were heated in an oven using precise thermal regulator VRT-3. As a result of reduction, the films get attained silver color, the Ag content in the bulk of films varied from 1 to 4 wt. %, and the thickness of the films was 110 μm. Structure, morphology, thermomechanical and antimicrobial properties of two types of nanocomposites – PLA-Ag-PEI and PLA-Ag-chitosan, formed by the thermochemical reduction of Ag+ in polymer films have been studied using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) (a DRON-4-07 diffractometer), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEM-1230 JEOL, Japan), and thermomechanical analysis (a UIP-70M device). Antimicrobial activity of the obtained nanocomposites was investigated applying reference strains of opportunistic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It has been found that thermochemical reduction of Ag+ ions in the bulk of polymer films, when using synthetic or natural polymers (PEI or chitosan) as a reducing and stabilizing agent of silver nanoparticles occurs at 160 °C during 5 minutes. It has been found that the average size of Ag nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix is equal to ~ 7 and ~ 4 nm for PEI and chitosan, respectively. It has been shown that PLA-Ag-chitosan nanocomposites have much higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli strains as compared to PLA-Ag-PEI nanocomposites.

ZnO, TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles impact against some species of pathogenic bacteria and yeast.

The economic approaches for manufacturing the nanoparticles with physical and chemical effects and limited resistance to antibiotics have been progressed recently due to the rise of microbial resistance to antibiotics. This research aimed to study the antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles Ag, ZnO, and Tio2 nanoparticles against Salmonella typhimurium and Brucella abortus and Candida albicans. Two isolates of Salmonella and two isolates of Brucella abortus were isolated from food spastically meat and blood specimens, respectively. Candida albicans were isolated from the patient's mouth with oral candidiasis (oral thrush) and confirmed diagnosis by API 20C test. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella typhimurium and B. abortus isolates were performed against nine different antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles consisting of AgNPs size (90) nm, ZnO NPs size (20, 50) nm as well as TiO2 NPs size (10, 50) nm, were used. UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used to characterize silver nanoparticles. The highest resistance of Candida albicans was seen for fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Itraconazole. The results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles against Salmonella typhimurium showed the average MIC of Tio2-10nm and Tio2-50nm were 5000 and 2500 μg\ml for S1 and S2 isolates, respectively. The isolated Brucella abortus (B1 and B2) showed sensitivity to NPs with different MIC. The average MIC for Ag-90nm was 5000 and 2500 µg/ml for B1 and B2 isolates, respectively. The findings suggest NP solution has fungicidal and bactericidal impacts on the tested microorganisms so they can be suitable for multiple applications of the biomedical field such as developing new antimicrobial agents.

Comparison of the Effect Aqueous Extract and Nano-Sidr Synthetic of Leaves Ziziphus Spina-christi with Silver Nanoparticles the on Biofilm of Local Isolates of Staphylococcus. Spp

Aims: This study aims to investigate the inhibitory susceptibility of extract Sidr leaf (Ziziphus spina-christi) aqueous, silver nanoparticles Ag NPs and Sidr nanoparticle "Nano-sidr" (Ziziphus spina-christi) against local isolates of Staphylococcus.SPP, and their inhibition effect on biofilm formation.
 Study Design: Initially diagnosed by The use of Mannitol salt agar medium, then 26 isolates were selected from them depending on the resistance to methicilln and Vancomycin that were conducted.
 Place and Duration of Study: The samples were collected from AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf and Baghdad hospitals.
 Methodology: These isolates were subjected to a VITEK-2 compact system "ID, AST", to ascertain the genus and type of Staphylococcus bacteria., morphological and biochemical tests were conducted on them to confirm them.
 Results: The result of the diagnosis showed 10 isolates belonging to Staphylococcus aureus, and a number of them were resistant to as MRSA-VRSA, and 7 were Staphylococcus haemolyticus and they were all resistant and known as MRSA-VRSA, and two isolates of Staphylococcus sciuri bacteria, one of them was resistant to VRSA and the other to MRSA-VRSA , two isolates of Staphylococcus warneri were both resistant to MRSA, two isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis were resistant to antibiotics, one of them was VRSA and the other was MRSA-VRSA, and one isolate of Staphylococcus lentus was also resistant to antibiotics MRSA-VRSA, and one isolate of Staphylococcus warneri was resistant to MRSA-VRSA, and one isolate of Staphylococcus lugdunensis was resistant to antibiotics.
 Conclusion: Isolation of Staphylococcus vitulinus. 11 different isolates were selected from them according to their resistance to antibiotics, and after selecting the most efficient one by examining the inhibitory activity by diffusion method. The results showed the ability of both types of nanoparticles. Plant extracts prevent the formation of biofilms

Endophytic Fungi, Drechslera spicifera, Mediated Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract: Aim: In present communication, endophytic fungi Drechslera spicifera is isolated from leaves of Cardiospermum halicacabum and used as a reducing agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. Materials and Methods: Synthesized AgNPs were characterised using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis. Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi (culture and aqueous extract), host plant Cardiospermum halicacabum (methanol and aqueous extracts) and silver nanoparticles (culture and aqueous extract mediated silver nanoparticles) was determined. Results and Conclusion: The endophytic fungi Drechslera spicifera forms stable AgNPs and also showed good antioxidant potential for pharmaceutical applications. Key words: Cardiospermum halicacabum, Drechslera spicifera, Endophytic fungi, Silver nanoparticle, Antioxidant.

Thermal annealing and laser-induced mechanisms in controlling the size and size-distribution of silver nanoparticles in Ag+-Na+ ion-exchanged silicate glasses

Controlled precipitation of metal nanostructures into glassy matrices have demonstrated to be a valid way to synthesize materials suitable for photonics, optoelectronics and telecom purposes. However, the development of strategies for driving nanostructure formation, and then for tailoring the optical response of the metal doped systems, is still a challenge. Aiming at this, the present study focuses on silver state modification including nucleation/growth of Ag nanoparticles (NPs), manipulation of Ag NPs size and size-distribution in Ag+-Na+ ion exchanged silicate glasses undergone post-exchange treatments, such as thermal annealing and laser irradiation with different irradiation parameters. Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy analyses allow to follow the evolution of the Ag NPs precipitation process starting from the early stages of the overall mechanism, where the glassy matrix is permeated by a dense distribution of Ag0, Ag+ and small aggregates, which are the seeds for the formation of the larger particles upon energetic treatments. In these regards, it is observed that a proper choice of laser irradiation conditions, in terms of wavelength and pulse energy, has a direct impact on the occurrence of the overall clustering process, by specifically promoting Ag ion reduction as well as cluster nucleation, growth and fragmentation. This definitely paves the way to efficient strategies for the realization of optical materials based on controlled distribution of metal clusters with finely tuned structural and optical properties.

Bio inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its applications to spin – orbit interactions of light

Spin–orbit interaction of light serves as an important property of light, which deals with the study of polarization and phase modulations in the light beam. These studies are essential and principal characeristics of light beam that have been used for most of the nanophotonics applications. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared via biosynthesis are used for one of such nanophotonics application in scattering via studying the light scattered through these nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles Ag NPs were synthesized using green method, where reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles happen during the reaction of aqueous solution of Ag NO3 with the biomolecules present in fresh leaf extract of Coleus amboinicus plant. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. TEM analysis shows the wide size distribution of spherical shape nanoparticles with 80 nm average size. The study of polarization and phase changes in the scattered light field has been carried out using Stokes polarimetry in forward direction scattering. Under the preliminary measurements of Polarimetry, the modification in the polarization components was studied by demonstrating changes in the Stokes S2, S3 parameters, polarization orientation (ψ) and ellipticity angle (χ) using transverse magnetic (TM) polarized Gaussian light beam.

Energetic argon beam stimulated growth of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in Ag+-exchanged soda glass: A study on the structural, optical, photoluminescence and electrical behavior

Fabrication of silver nanoparticles inside soda glass by Ar+ irradiation at an incidence angle of 40° has been presented. Emergence of surface plasmon resonance peak at 410.5 nm for the specimen fabricated by implantation to 5×1016 Ar+ cm−2 at an incidence angle of 40° in optical absorption spectrum provides the signature of silver nanoparticles and the data obtained was further analyzed to evaluate refractive index, optical energy gap and Urbach’s energy of the specimens. Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction study displayed that silver nanoparticles are in face-centered cubic geometry. Their shape, size and distribution in the glass matrix were further probed using transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Rutherford back scattering spectrometry measurement revealed that a 180 nm thick layer of silver nanoparticles is formed in the near surface layers of glass. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy suggested that after ion-exchange silver is primarily in the ionic form and after Ar+ implantation at an angle of 40° it acquires metallic form which further nucleate and grow to form silver nanoparticles in glass.

Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Ions as Potential Antibacterial Agents

Bacteria and superbugs have become more resistant to several antibiotics. Continuous and overuse of such antibiotics led to outbreaks of superbugs in both hospitals and communities. In recent decades, silver was used in medical treatment such as burns, wounds and bacterial infections. Silver metallic, silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine were utilized for this treatment. Nowadays, silver nanoparticles and silver ions are effectively used as antibacterial agents in the medical field in the form of nanoparticles and ions, where silver ions proved an effective antimicrobial against active bacteria, viruses, and fungi than silver nanoparticles Ag NPs. However, modified or functionalized silver NPs are extremely active to kill bacteria than pure Ag NPs. Silver nanoparticle's size, shape, and concentration play an important role in their antimicrobial activities.

Heat Transfer of Ag-Al2O3/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on a Stagnation Point Flow over a Stretching Sheet with Newtonian Heating

The present study investigated the flow and heat transfer at a stagnation point past a stretching sheet. The premium silver nanoparticles Ag and economic alumina nanoparticles Al2O3 suspended in water to form Ag-Al2O3/Water hybrid nanofluid are numerically examined. The analysis started with transforming the mathematical model which is in non-linear partial differential equations to a more convenient form by similarity transformation approach before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The characteristics and effects of the stretching parameter, conjugate parameter and the nanoparticle volume fraction for Al2O3 and Ag on the variation of wall temperature, heat transfer coefficient and reduced skin friction coefficient are analyzed and discussed.

Ag(I)-benzisothiazolinone complex: synthesis, characterization, H2 storage ability, nano transformation to different Ag nanostructures and Ag nanoflakes antimicrobial activity

A new complex of silver monovalent ions with benzisothiazolinone was reported. This silver coordination polymer was characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and 13C-{1H}-NMR). These measurements show that the bit anion in its silver complex behaves as μ-bridge linking two silver(I) ions as a bidentate ligand through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms. This coordinated polymer was showed non-melting ability, high decomposition and non-solubility in water in addition to all organic solvents except the hot DMSO solvent. Therefore, this polymeric complex had has a high porosity showing thereby that an overall H2 uptake of 5.5 mmol g−1 at 77 K and 10 bar. A new method for the synthesis of a mixture of three different morphological silver nano particles (AgNPs) is reported. The new method includes reduction of the newly prepared silver-benzisothiazolinone complex, [Ag(bit)]n (bit = benzisothiazolinone) with sodium borohydride without using stabilizing agent. The resulting silver nanoparticles Ag NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectra, powder XRD, zeta sizer, zeta potential and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that [Ag(bit)]n complex gives three different nano-sized structures spherical, wires and flakes. In order to isolate the larger proportion of the nanostructures, experiments were conducted to control the formation of one form of silver as flakes nanosilver or silver nanowires. The prepared silver nanoparticles were screened for their antibacterial activity against K. pneumonia, P. Aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli. Inhibition zone diameter IZD results of 2, 4 and 6 mM Ag NPs was found to be in the range of 7.0–8.4 mm for the selected bacteria.

A NANOCOMPOSITE BASED ON MICROBIAL SYNTHESIS OF HUMIC PRECURSORS AND OF METAL NANOPARTICLES USED AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND IN SOIL

Soil humic precursors could be considered the most active and mobile fraction and are highly significant to a series of biochemical processes in all types of soil. The microbial biosynthesized humic precursors attracted increasing attention on green synthesis of nanocomposite compounds realized between biopolymers and metal nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles are the most used engineered nanocomposite serving as antimicrobial agents. In the present study we used aqueous solution of humic precursors synthesized by four microbial consortia (C1-C4) and selected on the basis of high quantities of exometabolites with structural similarities to soil humic acid fraction. The humic precursors were used as capping agents of silver nanoparticles in the nanocompozite synthesis. Biosynthesized humic precursors act as reductive and stabilizative agents of nanoparticles which are found between 5-300nm in size and with spherical preponderant shape. The presence of humus precursors and the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and UV-Vis. At a given precursor concentration, the efficiency of nanocomposite synthesis increased with particle concentration and time of reaction, property which can be attributed to the high reduction capacity of humic precursors. The induced antimicrobial effect of exposure to nanocomposites differs due to the size, time of preparation and stability. Stabilization of nanocomposite by specific metal-ligand bonds was obtained in the solution for three months without any precipitate. The antimicrobial effect of nanocomposites was estimated under laboratory agar well diffusion tests against mycotoxigenic soil fungal isolate Aspergillus niger (A27). The green synthesis of nanocomposite material with the best antimicrobial effect against test fungus was realized by microbial consortium C3and C4.

Preparation of silver nanoparticles using different fractions of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose

The aim of this study was to examine efficacy of different fractions of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (TOCNs) as a reducing and capping agent of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Silver nanoparticles were prepared by thermal treatment of AgNO3 in aqueous suspensions of TOCN fractions. Three different nanocomposite materials based on different fractions of TOCNs and reduced in situ by TOCN silver nanoparticles were obtained. It was demonstrated that three fractions of TOCNs, characterised by varying water-solubility, degree of oxidation and viscosity, bind silver nanoparticles differently. The capping of anionic TOCNs fractions on the surface of nanoparticles was confirmed by zeta potential measurements, and therefore good stability of AgTOCNs nanoparticles was shown. The size and dispersion of AgNPs seems to be affected mainly by the viscosity of a given TOCN fraction. Water-soluble TOCN fractions yielded spherical AgNPs, while water-insoluble fractions contributed to the formation of nanoparticles characterised by diverse morphologies. The application of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose fractions for greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles is discussed. A mechanism including a polylol process is proposed as a possible means of silver cation reduction. The morphology and structural features of the TOCN nanocellulose-silver nanoparticle composites were assessed with the use of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

Biological efficacy of phyto-synthetic silver nanoparticles using ethanol extract of <i>Euphorbia wallichii</i> Hook Rhizome as bio-reductant and surfactant

Purpose: To synthesize silver nanoparticles using rhizome extract (RE) of E. wallichii as a bioreductant and surfactant.Method: RE was used as a bio-reductant for the reduction of Ag+1 (aq.) and as a stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs were then characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The antinociceptive potential of AgNPs was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate. Spasmolytic bioassay was measured in mice via GI charcoal movement test. Anti-leishmanial potency was examined against promastigotes of Leishmania tropica, while antioxidant bioassay was determined using DPPH reduction method.Results: UV-Vis results showed characteristic surface plasmon resonance band from 440 – 460 nm, thus confirming the reducing ability of RE. SEM analysis showed spherical AgNPs with a typical face center cubic (fcc) structure as evidence by their x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The role of RE as a stabilizing agent towards AgNPs was supported by IR and electronic absorption spectral data. Phytochemical investigation of RE confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides etc. Mice treated with RE-AgNPs exhibited dose-dependent analgesic and spasmolytic effects. RE functionalized AgNPs exhibited promising antileishmanial and antioxidant effects (p < 0.05).Conclusions: RE-AgNPs exhibit substantial spasmolytic and antinociceptive activity, indicating central and peripheral analgesic effects. Thus, the formulation’s antileishmanial and antioxidative effects, indicate that it might be useful for preventing infectious and oxidative stress disorders.Keywords: Euphorbia wallichii, Silver nanoparticles, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Antileishmanial

Evaluated bioactive component extracted from Punica granatum peel and its Ag NPs forms as mouthwash against dental plaque

Abstract The bioactive components of the hydroalcoholic (MeOH 70%) Punica granatum peel crude extract (PGPC) and its methanol fraction (PGPM) were extracted and tentatively identified by LCMS/MS as a number of phenolic compounds which are used as capping agents fasting the reduction of Ag+ to Ag (0). The prepared silver nano-particles Ag NPs PGPC and Ag NPs PGPM were characterized by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectra. Four mouthwashes were designed using PGPC, PGPM, Ag NPs PGPC and Ag NPs PGPM. The prepared mouthwashes exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against the Streptococcus mutans and the three dental plaque isolates called Lysinibacillus cresolivorans, Lysinibacillus cresolivorans and Lysinibacillus boronitolerans. As well as, the prepared Ag NPs mouthwashes led to reduction in the cytotoxicity against BJ-1 cell line equal 35 and 23.66% with LC50 = 185.16 and 134.8 μg/mL. Finally, phenolics promote Ag NPs PGPM mouthwash to be potent anti-calculus and anti-hemorrhagic agents.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ligustrum Ovalifolium Fruits and Their Cytotoxic Effects.

The present study reports for the first time the efficacy of bioactive compounds from Ligustrum ovalifolium L. fruit extract as reducing and capping agents of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), developing a green, zero energetic, cost effective and simple synthesis method of AgNPs. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming that nanoparticles were crystalline in nature, spherical in shape, with an average size of 7 nm. The FTIR spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the AgNPs were capped and stabilized by bioactive molecules from the fruit extract. The cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized AgNPs was in vitro evaluated against ovarian carcinoma cells and there were found to be effective at low concentration levels.