Abstract
Purpose: To synthesize silver nanoparticles using rhizome extract (RE) of E. wallichii as a bioreductant and surfactant.Method: RE was used as a bio-reductant for the reduction of Ag+1 (aq.) and as a stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs were then characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The antinociceptive potential of AgNPs was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate. Spasmolytic bioassay was measured in mice via GI charcoal movement test. Anti-leishmanial potency was examined against promastigotes of Leishmania tropica, while antioxidant bioassay was determined using DPPH reduction method.Results: UV-Vis results showed characteristic surface plasmon resonance band from 440 – 460 nm, thus confirming the reducing ability of RE. SEM analysis showed spherical AgNPs with a typical face center cubic (fcc) structure as evidence by their x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The role of RE as a stabilizing agent towards AgNPs was supported by IR and electronic absorption spectral data. Phytochemical investigation of RE confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides etc. Mice treated with RE-AgNPs exhibited dose-dependent analgesic and spasmolytic effects. RE functionalized AgNPs exhibited promising antileishmanial and antioxidant effects (p < 0.05).Conclusions: RE-AgNPs exhibit substantial spasmolytic and antinociceptive activity, indicating central and peripheral analgesic effects. Thus, the formulation’s antileishmanial and antioxidative effects, indicate that it might be useful for preventing infectious and oxidative stress disorders.Keywords: Euphorbia wallichii, Silver nanoparticles, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Antileishmanial
Highlights
Nanobiotechnology is an interdisciplinary science with the application to the biological systems to manufacture new biochemical system
Biogenic synthesis of rhizome extract (RE)-agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was confirmed from color of reaction medium which turns from light pale to characteristic dark brown color
The electron micrograph of AgNPs at various magnification shows spherical to rod shaped morphology with uniform distribution where the average diameter is in the range of 2058 nm
Summary
Nanobiotechnology is an interdisciplinary science with the application to the biological systems to manufacture new biochemical system. Fabrication of nanoparticles via green route enhances physiological potential, much economical and ecofriendly compared to chemical and physical methods which requires high energy, use toxic and expensive chemicals [2]. Plant extracts have the capability to reduce metals ions and to synthesize biogenic nanoparticles, improve their monodispersion and modulate their shapes and sizes. Different transition metals like Au, Mn, Zn, Ti, Cu and Ag have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but silver was proven to be most effective against bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic microbes [4]. Green and biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is highly advantageous over both physical and chemical methods for its low cost and eco-friendly method as it avoids the use of high temperature, energy, pressure and toxic hazardous chemicals. Phytometabolites provide a better platform for biogenic nanoparticles as they are providing natural capping agents free from toxic chemicals [5]
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