Cancer Preventive Agents Research Articles

Effects of Vitamin C and E on lipid profile and kidney performance of Albino Rats

The current study has been intended to estimate the belongings of vitamins E and C on lipid profile and renal performance of Albino rats. Vitamin E is a chain-breaking lipid dissolvable cancer prevention agent that has been utilized in the therapy of cardiovascular illnesses, immunological and hematological issues, and peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin C is enormous in imperative metabolic exercises including tryptophan digestion, iron retention, development of ferritin as cell cancer prevention agent, electron transport framework and coenzyme for cathepsin, liver esterases, and omega-oxidation of unsaturated fats. Vitamin C and E are known to be powerful antioxidant, utilization of vitamin C and E indicated significantly lowered hypertension and improved insulin activity, and decline lipid profile. Both vitamin C and vitamin E decreased lipid peroxidation. The experiment was conducted on Albino rats and treated with different doses of vitamins according to the protocol. Albino rats were divided into 4 groups, out of four groups one group was called the control group and the other 3 groups were treated groups, treated group A was supplemented with vitamin C, treated group B was supplemented with vitamin E), treated group C was supplemented with both vitamins together and fourth group (Group D) called the control group this group was given free access to food and water throughout the experiment. After completion of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed for the collection of blood, and blood was taken in EDTA for the collection of serum. Serum was collected for the analysis of higher density lipoprotein test (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins test (VLDL), total cholesterol test (TG), meanwhile Urea test, Uric acid test, and Creatinine test were examined. Results showed that means values of initial body weight and final body weight were significantly (p≤0.05) different. Values of Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, and Heart weight (g) of Albino rats were significantly (p≤0.05) different. Values of Urea, Uric acid, and Creatinine of Albino rats were significantly (p≤0.05) different. Values of the lipid profile of Albino rats were significantly (p≤0.05) different.

Cranberry Polyphenols in Esophageal Cancer Inhibition: New Insights.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a cancer characterized by rapidly rising incidence and poor survival, resulting in the need for new prevention and treatment options. We utilized two cranberry polyphenol extracts, one proanthocyanidin enriched (C-PAC) and a combination of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and glycosides (AFG) to assess inhibitory mechanisms utilizing premalignant Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and EAC derived cell lines. We employed reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) and Western blots to examine cancer-associated pathways and specific signaling cascades modulated by C-PAC or AFG. Viability results show that C-PAC is more potent than AFG at inducing cell death in BE and EAC cell lines. Based on the RPPA results, C-PAC significantly modulated 37 and 69 proteins in JH-EsoAd1 (JHAD1) and OE19 EAC cells, respectively. AFG treatment significantly altered 49 proteins in both JHAD1 and OE19 cells. Bioinformatic analysis of RPPA results revealed many previously unidentified pathways as modulated by cranberry polyphenols including NOTCH signaling, immune response, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Collectively, these results provide new insight regarding mechanisms by which cranberry polyphenols exert cancer inhibitory effects targeting EAC, with implications for potential use of cranberry constituents as cancer preventive agents.

Selenium, Zinc and Probiotics Ameliorate the Effect of High Ambient Temperature: A Review

The exhibition, wellbeing, and prosperity of domesticated animals are firmly affected by environment. Higher encompassing temperature and stickiness are natural stressors that cause weight on animals. Then again, heat pressure is the central point in decreasing animals’ creation, propagation and resistance. Minor components like Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn) are fundamental for keeping up with wellbeing and resistance and assume a significant part in cancer prevention agent safeguard and invulnerability capacity and they are engaged with development, creation and generation and go about as cofactors of proteins which are vital to the insusceptibility of creature. Besides, probiotics are basically living microorganisms that, when applied in adequate amounts, give the host medical advantages and affect have creatures. Accordingly, the motivation behind this survey was to evaluate that Selenium, Zinc and probiotics further develop Animal wellbeing, cell reinforcement status and safe Function raised under high surrounding temperature.

Effervescent based nano-gas carrier enhanced the bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble drug: A comprehensive mechanistic understanding

The low aqueous solubility of drug molecules is a considerable hurdle to produce the desired pharmacological effect through any biological route of drug administration. Hence, most of the chemotherapeutic drugs exhibit low bioavailability as well as non-specific toxic effects on the human body. Luteolin (LUT), one of the richest flavonoids, is proven to be a cancer preventive agent for numerous human cancer cell lines. The hydrophobicity of LUT, on the other hand, is a major concern for it's low oral bioavailability. On this account, we have utilized a versatile strategy to engineer a novel effervescent based self-assemble nano-gas drug carrier (NG) for poorly water-soluble compounds, which is hypothesized to be a self-emulsifying agent for drug molecules in the intestinal aqueous environment to form nanoemulsion and eventually escalate the efficacy. The size of the optimized nanoformulation after characterization was found to be 450 ± 100 nm with a negative surface charge (zeta potential value of −27.8 mV). Additionally, SAXS analysis verified the conversion of the carrier into nano-micelles. In vitro studies show NG has a lot of potential for improving LUT's solubility and as a result, LUT can show a significant effect (approximately 2-fold) on pancreatic cancer cell lines at minimal concentration. The permeability enhancement effect of our excipients also showed an additional advantage for the utilization of this concept in the oral formulation development of drug compounds.

Cassia auriculata Linn. extracts induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of A549 lung cancer cell lines: An in vitro approach

Cassia auriculata is an ethnobotanically important traditional medicinal plant of tropical Asia and recently, phytochemicals and their derivatives have gained scientific attention for their use as agents in cancer treatment and prevention. The aerial parts of Cassia auriculata plant were subjected to successive cold maceration to yield four fractions viz., n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract. The extracts were fractionated by GC–MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis for their phytochemical content. The chromatographic techniques revealed the presence of mainly the flavonoid compounds like flavone, chrysin, and quercetin. The anti-proliferative properties of ethanolic extract of C. auriculata on A549 human lung cancer cells have been reported. The cancer cell survival rate (MTT 3- [4, 5- dimethythiazol-2-yl] 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) was found to be reduced with lung cancer cells (IC50 26.24 μg/ml) when treated with C. auriculata ethanol extract (CAEE) when compared to the non-cancerous cells L132. The toxicity of the extract on L132 cells was low (IC50 55.78 μg/ml). The mode of cell death induced by CAEE on A549 cells was examined by various fluorescent staining techniques and characteristic nuclear and morphological changes for apoptosis were evaluated. The expression of caspase 9 activity was documented, which might have triggered cell death through apoptosis by the activation of caspase 9 in the ethanolic fraction treated A549 cells. Cell cycle analysis of treated A549 cells revealed a promising S phase cell cycle arrest. The flavonoid compounds identified in the present study might be responsible for the remarkable anticancer and other activities of the plant. From these findings, the plant C. auriculata can be further exploited to develop promising candidate molecules, particularly for lung cancer chemotherapy.

Diverse Roles of F-BoxProtein3 in Regulation of Various Cellular Functions.

Accumulated evidence shows that the F-box protein 3 (FBXO3) has multiple biological functions, including regulation of immune pathologies, neuropathic diseases and antiviral response. In this review article, we focus on the role of FBXO3 in inflammatory disorders and human malignancies. We also describe the substrates of FBXO3, which contribute to inflammatory disorders and cancers. We highlight that the high expression of FBXO3 is frequently observed in rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, pituitary adenoma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, we discuss the regulation of FBXO3 by both carcinogens and cancer preventive agents. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of FBXO3 in various biological systems and elucidates how FBXO3 regulates substrate ubiquitination and degradation during various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, FBXO3 can be a novel target in the treatment of human diseases including carcinomas.

Phyllanthus Emblica (Indian Gooseberry) in the prevention of cancer

Medicinal plants have been considered to be precious natural gifts to human beings that could promote disease-free life. Indian gooseberry or Amla, scientifically known as Phyllanthus emblica, is a tree abundantly found in the tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia. The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica is rich in vitamin C, flavonoids like quercetin and rutin, and polyphenols like tannins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid, etc. Research reports suggested that Amla is possessed with important neuroprotective, cardio-protective, gastro-protective, nephronprotective, and chemo-preventive properties. Cancer is currently a global epidemic with an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and approximately 10.0 million cancer deaths taking place in 2020. The societal impact of such a staggering number of deaths is immense when we think of the quality of human life and the economy. So undoubtedly we need new, promising and effective therapies for common cancers. In recent years the potential of Amla as an effective anti-cancer agent has been scrutinized through many studies and there is certainly evidence to show that Amla extracts can be used as an anti-tumor and cancer preventive agent. In this article, we focus on the anti-cancer properties of Indian Gooseberry or Amla.

Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD) Virtual Workshop on Immunomodulatory Agents: Report.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) convened the “Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD) Workshop on Immunomodulatory Agents” as a virtual 2-day workshop on September 13 to 14, 2021. The main goals of this workshop were to foster the exchange of ideas and potentially new collaborative interactions among leading cancer immunoprevention researchers from basic and clinical research and highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention. The workshop included an overview of the mechanistic classes of immunomodulatory agents and three sessions covering the gamut from preclinical to clinical studies. The workshop convened individuals working in immunology and cancer prevention to discuss trends in discovery and development of immunomodulatory agents individually and in combination with other chemopreventive agents or vaccines.

Amelioration of AOM/DSS-Induced Murine Colitis-Associated Cancer by Evodiamine Intervention is Primarily Associated with Gut Microbiota-Metabolism-Inflammatory Signaling Axis.

Evodiamine (EVO), an indole alkaloid derived from Rutaceae plants Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.、Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang or Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Our previous study found that EVO attenuates colitis by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. However, little is known about its effect on colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In this study, the protective effects of EVO on azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and tumor mice were observed, and the underlying potential mechanism was clarified. The results suggested that EVO ameliorated AOM/DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting the intestinal inflammation and improving mucosal barrier function. And EVO significantly reduced the number and size of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal tumors along with promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of epithelial cell. Moreover, EVO promoted the enrichment of SCFAs-producing bacteria and reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory bacteria, which contributes to the changes of microbiota metabolism, especially tryptophan metabolism. Furthermore, inflammatory response (like Wnt signaling pathway、Hippo signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway) were effectively alleviated by EVO. Our study demonstrated that the protective therapeutic action of EVO on CAC is to inhibit the development of intestinal inflammation-cancer by regulating gut microbiota metabolites and signaling pathways of colon intestinal epithelial, which may represent a novel agent for colon cancer prevention via manipulation of gut microbiota.

Assessment of cold stress tolerance in maize through quantitative trait locus, genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has become a widely accepted strategy for decoding genotype phenotype associations in many species thanks to advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Maize is an ideal crop for GWAS and significant progress has been made in the last decade. This review summarizes current GWAS efforts in maize functional genomics research and discusses future prospects in the omics era. The general goal of GWAS is to link genotypic variations to corresponding differences in phenotype using the most appropriate statistical model in a given population. The current review also presents perspectives for optimizing GWAS design and analysis. GWAS analysis of data from RNA, protein, and metabolite-based omics studies is discussed, along with new models and new population designs that will identify causes of phenotypic variation that have been hidden to date. The detailed that low temperature in maize seedlings altogether restricts germination and seedlings' development and destabilizes the cancer prevention agent safeguard component. Cold pressure adversely influences root morphology, photosystem II (PS II) effectiveness, chlorophyll substance, and leaf region. A short scene of low temperature stress (for example, under 10 °C for 7 days) during the V6–V9 maize development stages can fundamentally defer the anthesis commencement. Among the morphological reactions by focused on maize plants, low temperature stress causes strange tuft development in maize, along these lines influencing the fertilization and grain filling measures. Hence, problematic temperatures can cause a genuine yield decrease if happening at basic conceptive stages, as plants allocate over half of their photosynthesis to foster grains during this stage until physiological development. Low temperature stress fundamentally diminishes the plant stature and absolute yield biomass of maize. Leaf improvement turns out to be delayed in chilly focused on plants because of a drawn-out cell cycle and diminished pace of mitosis. The joint and continuous efforts of the whole community will enhance our understanding of maize quantitative traits and boost crop molecular breeding designs.

Protective effects of rosmarinic acid against azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer in rats.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is increasing gradually and has been become one of the most common cancers worldwide. Hence, it is important to discover cheap, naturally occurring compounds to be effective in suppressing the devastating effect of colon-related tumors. Rosmarinic acid (RA), one of the compounds of plant origin, possesses attractive features for use as an agent for cancer prevention and treatment. This study investigated the ability of RA to prevent azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by evaluating the effect of RA on tumor formation and circulatory oxidant-antioxidant status. Moreover, plasma levels of adiponectin (APN) monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The animals were divided into three groups: Control, AOM, and AOM + RA. Rats were fed a modified pellet diet (15.8% peanut oil was added to the standard diet) during the experimental period. Colon cancer was formed by applying 15 mg/kg AOM intraperitoneal once a week for 4 weeks in both the CRC group and AOM + RA group. Besides AOM, AOM + RA group received 5 mg/kg body weight RA orally every day during the study. The results showed that adenocarcinoma rates formed87.5% ofthe AOM group. With treatment of RA, a reduction in the incidence of adenocarcinoma was observed in the AOM + RA group. The plasma MCP-1, IL-6, and TO levels were significantly higher, APN and TAS levels were significantly lower in the AOM group with respect tocontrols. In addition, there was a significant increase in TAS levels in the RA treatment group compared to the AOM group. These findings suggested that RA may be beneficial in preventing AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis formation.

Therapeutic role of flavonoids and flavones in cancer prevention: Current trends and future perspectives

Cancer is one of notorious diseases across the globe.Therapeutic approaches for cancer are often expensive and develop severe side effects, and usually result comorbidities among the cancer survivors. Identifying novel therapies for treatment will reduce comorbidities in curing these diseases. It has been reported that flavones, a sub-class of flavonoid can act as a potent anticancer agent. Many experimental results displayed that flavones modulate signal transduction pathways in carcinogenesis. Flavones have been found to control cell cycle progression, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and metastasis alongwith some molecular pathways that ultimately prevent the progression of the diseases. Flavones have shown to possess a considerable as cancer preventive agents. As per the reports, flavones rich diet is beneficial, decreased risk of breast cancer, skin, digestive system, certain hematological malignancies and prostate cancer. Apart from cancer, flavones are also effective in improving other disease conditions such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Hence, these are the prime target in natural product and drug discovery research. Based on existing findings, it can concluded that more extensive research is needed to understand detailed beneficial properties of flavones along with biochemical mechanisms that drive these medicinal properties.

Medical guidelines for Li\u2013Fraumeni syndrome 2019, version 1.1

Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary tumor that exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance. LFS develops in individuals with a pathogenic germline variant of the cancer-suppressor gene, TP53 (individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant). The number of individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant among the general population is said to be 1 in 500 to 20,000. Meanwhile, it is found in 1.6% (median value, range of 0–6.7%) of patients with pediatric cancer and 0.2% of adult patients with cancer. LFS is diagnosed by the presence of germline TP53 pathogenic variants. However, patients can still be diagnosed with LFS even in the absence of a TP53 pathogenic variant if the familial history of cancers fit the classic LFS diagnostic criteria. It is recommended that TP53 genetic testing be promptly performed if LFS is suspected. Chompret criteria are widely used for the TP53 genetic test. However, as there are a certain number of cases of LFS that do not fit the criteria, if LFS is suspected, TP53 genetic testing should be performed regardless of the criteria. The probability of individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant developing cancer in their lifetime (penetrance) is 75% for men and almost 100% for women. The LFS core tumors (breast cancer, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, brain tumor, and adrenocortical cancer) constitute the majority of cases; however, various types of cancers, such as hematological malignancy, epithelial cancer, and pediatric cancers, such as neuroblastoma, can also develop. Furthermore, approximately half of the cases develop simultaneous or metachronous multiple cancers. The types of TP53 pathogenic variants and factors that modify the functions of TP53 have an impact on the clinical presentation, although there are currently no definitive findings. There is currently no cancer preventive agent for individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant. Surgical treatments, such as risk-reducing bilateral mastectomy warrant further investigation. Theoretically, exposure to radiation could induce the onset of secondary cancer; therefore, imaging and treatments that use radiation should be avoided as much as possible. As a method to follow-up LFS, routine cancer surveillance comprising whole-body MRI scan, brain MRI scan, breast MRI scan, and abdominal ultrasonography (US) should be performed immediately after the diagnosis. However, the effectiveness of this surveillance is unknown, and there are problems, such as adverse events associated with a high rate of false positives, overdiagnosis, and sedation used during imaging as well as negative psychological impact. The detection rate of cancer through cancer surveillance is extremely high. Many cases are detected at an early stage, and treatments are low intensity; thus, cancer surveillance could contribute to an improvement in QOL, or at least, a reduction in complications associated with treatment. With the widespread use of genomic medicine, the diagnosis of LFS is unavoidable, and a comprehensive medical care system for LFS is necessary. Therefore, clinical trials that verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the program, comprising LFS registry, genetic counseling, and cancer surveillance, need to be prepared.

Sulforaphane covalently interacts with the transglutaminase 2 cancer maintenance protein to alter its structure and suppress its activity.

Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) functions as an important cancer cell survival protein in a range of cancers including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma. TG2 exists in open and closed conformations each of which has a distinct and mutually exclusive activity. The closed conformation has GTP-binding/GTPase activity while the open conformation functions as a transamidase to catalyze protein-protein crosslinking. GTP-binding/GTPase activity is required for TG2 maintenance of the aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, identifying agents that convert TG2 from the closed to the open GTP-binding/GTPase inactive conformation is an important cancer prevention/treatment strategy. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an important diet-derived cancer prevention agent that is known to possess a reactive isothiocyanate group and has potent anticancer activity. Using a biotin-tagged SFN analog (Biotin-ITC) and kinetic analysis we show that SFN covalently and irreversibly binds to recombinant TG2 to inhibit transamidase activity and shift TG2 to an open/extended conformation, leading to a partial inhibition of GTP binding. We also show that incubation of cancer cells or cancer cell extract with Biotin-ITC results in formation of a TG2/Biotin-ITC complex and that SFN treatment of cancer cells inhibits TG2 transamidase activity and shifts TG2 to an open/extended conformation. These findings identify TG2 as a direct SFN anticancer target in epidermal squamous cell carcinoma.

Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Biological Important Algae Hydrodictyon reticulatum L.

The recent research was directed to explore the phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Hydrodictyon reticulatum L. The samples were then identified morphologically and anatomically. By using different solvents algal extracts were prepared. The phytochemical activity of algal samples were performed to determine the presence or absence of alkaloids, steroids, tannin, triterpenoids, saponin, terpenoids, quinine, coumarins, phlobatannins, phytosteroids and flavonoids. Two bacterial strains S. aureus and E. coli were used to determine the antibacterial activity of algal extracts. The greatest activity was appeared by the methanolic extract against the fungal strain S. aureus i.e. 12.5±0.088 mm, while the aqueous extract showed the maximum anti-bacterial activity that was 12.2±0.058 mm beside E. coli. These findings were relatively equivalent to the results of standard Amkasin that was normally used as antibiotic in the market. The results of antifungal movement was indicated greatest having the solvent (CH3)2CO separate i.e. 1.8±0.058 mm against A. niger. While methanol extricate indicated 2.35±0.058 mm against the strain F. solani. DPPH rummaging activity, TAA and TPC were performed to determine the action of reticulatum. In the event of DPPH the most extreme IC50 recorded was from the chloroform extricate. While in TPC methanol extricate indicated most extreme esteem 67.14±0.54 mm and in TAA ethanol showed greatest esteem i.e. 0.88±0.01 µg/L. These results demonstrated that the Hydrodictyon reticulatum had phytochemical, cancer prevention agent and antimicrobial potential and suggested for pharmaceutical use.

Structural Studies of Aliphatic Glucosinolate Chain-Elongation Enzymes.

Plants evolved specialized metabolic pathways through gene duplication and functional divergence of enzymes involved in primary metabolism. The results of this process are varied pathways that produce an array of natural products useful to both plants and humans. In plants, glucosinolates are a diverse class of natural products. Glucosinolate function stems from their hydrolysis products, which are responsible for the strong flavors of Brassicales plants, such as mustard, and serve as plant defense molecules by repelling insects, fighting fungal infections, and discouraging herbivory. Additionally, certain hydrolysis products such as isothiocyanates can potentially serve as cancer prevention agents in humans. The breadth of glucosinolate function is a result of its great structural diversity, which comes from the use of aliphatic, aromatic and indole amino acids as precursors and elongation of some side chains by up to nine carbons, which, after the formation of the core glucosinolate structure, can undergo further chemical modifications. Aliphatic methionine-derived glucosinolates are the most abundant form of these compounds. Although both elongation and chemical modification of amino acid side chains are important for aliphatic glucosinolate diversity, its elongation process has not been well described at the molecular level. Here, we summarize new insights on the iterative chain-elongation enzymes methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAMS) and isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH).

Platelet-Cancer Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Avenues.

Although platelets are critically involved in thrombosis and hemostasis, experimental and clinical evidence indicate that platelets promote tumor progression and metastasis through a wide range of physical and functional interactions between platelets and cancer cells. Thrombotic and thromboembolic events are frequent complications in patients with solid tumors. Hence, cancer modulates platelet function by directly inducing platelet-tumor aggregates and triggering platelet granule release and altering platelet turnover. Also, platelets enhance tumor cell dissemination by activating endothelial cell function and recruiting immune cells to primary and metastatic tumor sites. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells and the host microenvironment. We also critically discuss the potential of anti-platelet agents for cancer prevention and treatment.

Light-Activated Biomedical Applications of Chlorophyll Derivatives.

Tetrapyrroles are the basis of essential physiological functions in most living organisms. These compounds represent the basic scaffold of porphyrins, chlorophylls, and bacteriochlorophylls, among others. Chlorophyll derivatives, obtained by the natural or artificial degradation of chlorophylls, present unique properties, holding great potential in the scientific and medical fields. Indeed, they can act as cancer-preventing agents, antimutagens, apoptosis inducers, efficient antioxidants, as well as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory molecules. Moreover, thanks to their peculiar optical properties, they can be exploited as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and as vision enhancers. Most of these molecules, however, are highly hydrophobic and poorly soluble in biological fluids, and may display undesired toxicity due to accumulation in healthy tissues. The advent of nanomedicine has prompted the development of nanoparticles acting as carriers for chlorophyll derivatives, facilitating their targeted administration with demonstrated applicability in diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the chemical and physical properties of chlorophyll derivatives that justify their usage in the biomedical field, with particular regard to light-activated dynamics are described. Their role as antioxidants and photoactive agents are discussed, introducing the most recent nanomedical applications and focusing on inorganic and organic nanocarriers exploited in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract LB192: Sulforaphane suppression of Prmt5 and Mep50 function suppresses the mesothelioma cancer stem cell phenotype

Abstract Mesothelioma is an aggressive and fatal cancer of the mesothelial lining which is caused by asbestos exposure. The current treatment strategy is surgical resection followed by chemotherapy, but this is marginally successful and leads to drug resistant and recurrent disease. Mesothelioma cancer stem cells (MCS cells) comprise an important subpopulation of highly aggressive mesothelioma tumor cells that maintain tumor formation and mediate drug resistance. Our goal is to identify proteins that maintain the MCS cell and non-stem cancer cell survival as therapy targets. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) functions with the MEP50 cofactor to catalyze symmetric dimethylation of specific arginine resides in histones 3 and 4 to silence tumor suppressor gene expression and enhance cancer cell survival. Our studies show that loss of PRMT5 or MEP50 reduces H4R3me2s formation in MCS cells and that this is associated with a reduction in MCS cell spheroid formation, invasion and migration. Additionally, treatment with sulforaphane (SFN), a promising diet-derived cancer prevention and therapy agent, reduces PRMT5/MEP50 level and H4R3me2s formation, and suppresses the MCS cell phenotype. Moreover, forced expression of PRMT5/MEP50 antagonizes SFN suppression of the MCS cell phenotype, suggesting that loss of PRMT5/MEP50 is required for SFN action. SFN treatment also markedly reduces tumor formation and this is associated with reduced PRMT5/MEP50 expression and H4R3me2s formation. These findings suggest that SFN suppresses PRMT5/MEP50 function to attenuate the MCS cell phenotype and reduce tumor formation, and that SFN may be a useful mesothelioma prevention and therapy agent. Citation Format: Geraldine C. Ezeka, Gautam Adhikary, Sivaveera Kandasamy, Joseph Friedberg, Richard Eckert. Sulforaphane suppression of Prmt5 and Mep50 function suppresses the mesothelioma cancer stem cell phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB192.

Ficus palmata a nutraceutical under took advantage of the product

Wild fig is an under taken advantage of organic product having a few medical advantages. Its significance isn't known to everyday citizens, in this way either not utilized for food purposes or exceptionally restricted. Nonetheless, a few exploration paper and specialists revealed that figs are a fantastic wellspring of minerals, nutrients A, B1, B2 and C, dietary fiber, sugars, fundamental amino acids as well as phenolic substances. It shows excellent tangible worthiness because of its taste, variety and smell. Figs are utilized as medication and furthermore utilized in decreasing the gamble of malignant growth and coronary illness. It is rich in polyphenolic compounds, anthocyanin, and flavonoids principally Kaempferol. It shows powerful cancer prevention agent potential. The Ficus palmata plant is utilized in different sicknesses, for example, e gastrointestinal problems, hypoglycemia, cancer, ulcer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and contagious diseases. It likewise showed anti-proliferative action. Extremely uncommon handling has been completed on fig, subsequently a few future possibilities of fig in food and medication industry.