Agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane Research Articles

Synthesis of imprinted amino-functionalized mesoporous silica and their selective adsorption performance of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+

The synthesis of imprinted amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (IAFMS) are using lead, copper, and zinc ions as imprinting species, anhydrous ethanol as a solvent, PEG-2000 as a template agent, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) as an auxiliary template agent, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a source of silica. The amino group was provided via the most common agent (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). Based on the uniform design and response surface analysis, the optimum molar ratios of synthetic species such as APTES:heavy metal ions:TMAOH:PEG-2000:TEOS:anhydrous ethanol were determined as 0.270:0.065:0.25:0.073:1:50. Subsequently, Pb-IAFMS, Cu-IAFMS, and Zn-IAFMS were prepared with the same ratios as the above. Then, isothermal adsorption and selective adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were carried out. The results showed that the adsorption of heavy metal ions was mainly a chemical adsorption, the adsorbent surface was not a completely uniform adsorption, and a higher temperature was beneficial to the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Compared with q(m) values in the Langmuir model, the adsorption capacities of target ions onto imprinted materials can be 32.6-71.2% higher than those on the non-imprinted material. Values of relatively selective coefficients of IAFMS ranged from 4.35 to 18.45, which reveals the remarkable affinities of imprinted samples to the corresponding ions.[GRAPHICS].

Preparation of nanosized NaA zeolite and its surface modification by KH-550

Abstract Nanosized NaA zeolite was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) as the main raw materials. The surface modification of NaA zeolite was carried out by silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550). The effects of silane coupling agent dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, hydrolysis time and pH value on grafting rate of NaA zeolite were investigated in detail. The zeolites were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, FT-IR and TG-DTA. The results showed that the surface of NaA zeolite was modified successfully by KH-550. The optimal modification conditions obtained were as follows: the dosage of coupling agent in 95 % ethanol – 1.6 %, reaction temperature − 70 °C, reaction time – 2 h, hydrolysis time – 20 min, and pH value – 3.5. Under these conditions, the grafting rate of modified NaA zeolite was 3.95 %.

Improved Thermal Conductivities of Epoxy Resins Containing Surface Functionalized BN Nanosheets

The hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BN) were firstly treated by silane coupling agents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (KH560) to introduce some amino and epoxy (EP) groups on the BN surface. These modified BN nanosheets were incorporated into an EP matrix to prepare BN@KH560/EP composites with excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties. Results showed that the thermal conductivity of BN@KH560/EP composite with 20[Formula: see text]vol% BN dosage was found to be 0.442[Formula: see text]W/(m[Formula: see text]K), which was 81% higher than that of pure EP resin. Both BN/EP composites treated by KH550 and KH560 showed rather good electrical insulation properties, although the dielectric constant of BN@KH550/EP composites were slightly higher than BN@KH560/EP composites. Moreover, BN@KH560/EP composites also showed better thermal and mechanical properties than that of BN@KH550/EP composites.

An effective compatibilizer for tin fluorophosphate glass/polymer composites obtained from “one pot” KF-RAFT polymerization

Tin fluorophosphate glass (Pglass)/polymer composites have been widely investigated due to their applications in areas including: gas barrier, electronic packaging and fire retardant, etc. The compatibility between Pglass and polymer matrix is rather poor due to the large interfacial tension. Novel method is urgently needed to address this issue so that the interfacial interaction, specific interfacial area as well as aspect ratio of Pglass could be enlarged, which could lead to significant enhancement in various properties. Current study aims to compatibilize Pglass/polymer composites through a newly synthesized compatibilizer: poly(α-aminophosphonate) (polyAPP), using “one pot” Kabachnik-Fields (KF)-Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Comparing to commonly used compatibilizer: silane coupling agents 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and polydopamine (PDA), polyAPP is found to enhance the interfacial interaction of Pglass and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-PP), and decrease the dispersed phase size of Pglass in polymer matrix. It is much smaller than the results reported in literature for polyolefin based systems. Meanwhile, enhanced mechanical performance is also observed in such system, the tensile strength and modulus increased by 22% and 33% comparing to the pristine MA-PP, which can be attributed to the enhancement of the interaction between Pglass and polymer matrix. Such method could provide some guideline for the preparation of high performance Pglass/polymer composites as well as a range of functional polymer composites.

Surface modification of high-performance polyimide fibres by using a silane coupling agent

ABSTRACTThe silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) was used to modify the surface of two kinds of high-performance polyimide (PI) fibres (i.e., PI-1 and PI-2). The surface chemical composition, morphologies and roughness of modified PI fibres were characterised by XPS, SEM and AFM. Results showed that the elemental ratio between O and C, the surface oxygen concentration and the surface roughness increased with KH-550 concentration. However, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) values of PI fibre/epoxy resin composites increased and then decreased with KH-550 concentration. When KH-550 concentration was increased to 4 wt%, the IFSS and ILSS values reached their maximum point. At this point, the IFSS values were found increase by 17.3% and 8.3% for PI-1 and PI-2, respectively, compared with their pristine state. Meanwhile, the ILSS values of PI-1- and PI-2-reinforced composites were found increase by 22.4% and 24.1%, respectively.

Janus-like boronate affinity magnetic molecularly imprinted nanobottles for specific adsorption and fast separation of luteolin

Janus-like magnetic molecularly imprinted nanobottles (MMINBs) are designed by the twice modification of the bottle-like particles with 3-chloropropyl groups capped on exterior surface and amino-groups capped on interior surface for specific adsorption and separation of luteolin (LTL) which containing cis-diol groups. Firstly, silica nanobottles (NBs) derived from anisotropic emulsion containing three species of silane coupling agents (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and tetraethyl orthosilicate) are prepared to pave for the subsequent modification. Then magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of ferric triacetylacetonate are attached to carboxylic acid functionalized interior surface of nanobottles. Imprinted polymers using 4-vinylphenylboronic acid as functional monomer are introduced onto exterior surface of magnetic nanobottles (MNBs) by atom-transfer radical polymerization strategy using activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET ATRP) reaction. The capture performances of as-prepared MMINBs are illustrated by rebinding equilibrium, kinetics, selectivity, and regeneration. The maximum adsorption amount of MMINBs is 187. 2 μmol g−1 at 308 K. Moreover, MMINBs shows feasible capture kinetics (120 min), excellent selectivity, and remarkable recyclability after 7 regeneration cycles (only 4.55% loss in adsorption amounts).

Effect of Silane on the Active Aging Resistance and Anticorrosive Behaviors of Natural Lacquer.

Environmentally friendly and renewable hybrid lacquer coatings with excellent aging resistant and anticorrosion properties were studied. The coatings were prepared using raw lacquer coupled with the silane agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane via an eco-friendly sol–gel preparation process. The physical–mechanical properties, thermal stability, aging resistance, and anticorrosion properties of the as-prepared coatings were analyzed. Additionally, the surface of the coatings before and after an accelerated aging treatment was studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed that the hybrid lacquer coating A (with a raw lacquer-to-APTES mass ratio of 1.8:1) resulted in films with a significantly enhanced antiaging effect (e.g., six times higher than that of lacquer at a gloss loss rate of 30%). Besides, this film revealed an exceptional anticorrosion performance (with the lowest corrosion current Icorr = 2.476 × 10–10 A·cm–2) and a high protection efficiency (99.99 and 94.10%), as demonstrated by its electrochemical characteristics. Furthermore, all films exhibited a good barrier because of their dense structure, which prevents the corrosive medium from penetrating the coating during the salt spray test analysis after 1000 h. And the coating A relatively layered was distributing any significant cancaves, integrity better than all coatings studied, indicating that the based electrolyte was easier to penetrate it after salt spraying 2000 h.

Flame retardant efficiency of KH-550 modified urea-formaldehyde resin cooperating with ammonium polyphosphate on polypropylene

This paper surveys the char forming effect of urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) and the flame retardancy of UF cooperating with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) for polypropylene (PP). UF was firstly synthesized and then modified by a silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550). UF and KH-550 modified urea-formaldehyde resin (M-UF) were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive analysis (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared with UF, M-UF had better thermal stability and higher mass of residue char. Afterwards the intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), consisting of UF + APP and M-UF + APP respectively, were introduced into PP. The flame retardant efficiency of PP composites was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, and micro combustion calorimetry (MCC). The possible decomposition mechanisms were investigated by TGA, FT-IR and EDS. When the addition of PP, APP and UF was 70, 24 and 6 wt%, the LOI value reached 23.5 and UL-94 test could not pass. However, when the loading of PP, APP and M-UF was 70, 20 and 10 wt%, the LOI value reached 29.5 and UL-94 test was V-0. The residual char layers of some PP composites were analyzed by Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and FE-SEM. The LRS and FE-SEM presented that the char layer of 20%APP+10%M-UF/PP was more compact and had higher strength than 20%APP+10%UF/PP. Furthermore, tensile tests showed that M-UF/APP could improve break strength and toughness for PP compared with the same ratio of UF/APP. To sum up, M-UF + APP/PP have better flame retardant efficiency and tensile properties compared with UF + APP/PP.

Development of a Superparamagnetic Laccase Nanobiocatalyst for the Enzymatic Biotransformation of Xenobiotics

The development of nanotechnology has provided a range of diverse nanoscale carriers that can be potentially applied for enzyme immobilization. Among the different types of support, magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) have received increasing attention because they can be easily recovered from the reaction medium by applying an external magnetic field. In the present study, silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) were prepared, characterized, and used for covalent immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor. Different concentrations of the functionalization agent (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), cross-linker (glutaraldehyde), and laccase allowed a maximum enzyme loading of 2.68±0.08 U mg−1 mNP. Several factors, including pH, T, presence of inactivating compounds, enzyme stability, and reusability of the support, were evaluated. The oxidative action of the enzyme toward xenobiotics was proven in the formation of the chromogenic radical of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and the biotransformation of the endocrine-disrupting compound Bisphenol A (BPA). The enhancement of catalytic activity and stability of the nanobiocatalyst was evidenced by the increase of ABTS oxidation. Moreover, the superparamagnetic characteristic of the support allowed simple and fast recovery of the nanobiocatalyst. With the development of nanobiocatalyst-driven applications in mind, the development of magnetic nanoparticle synthesis at large scale as well as the design of bioreactors that assure the retention and recovery of the nanobiocatalyst need to addressed.

Fabrication of a superhydrophobic mesh based on PDMS/SiO2 nanoparticles/PVDF microparticles/KH-550 by one-step dip-coating method.

In this study, a facile one-step dip-coating approach was reported for fabrication of superhydrophobic copper mesh by using PDMS, SiO2 nanoparticles, PVDF microparticles and a couple agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550). It is found that undesirable SiO2 agglomeration was obviously reduced by introducing KH-550 and PVDF microparticles. The KH-550 acts as the bridge-linker and binds SiO2, PVDF and PDMS together. The as-prepared superhydrophobic mesh exhibited a promising water contact angle of 160.1° and a small sliding angle of 2.5°. The coating displayed excellent resistance to various pollutants and retained its superhydrophobicity after abrasions (sandpaper abrasion or adhesive tape tear). The strong chemical stability was also observed when the mesh was immersed in various solutions, especially in neutral and alkaline solutions. The applications of the superhydrophobic mesh for quantitative water droplet manipulation and oil spill cleanup were also illustrated. The method is facile and economic, and could be used for large-scale fabrications for industrial applications.

Silane surface treatment of boron nitride to improve the thermal conductivity of polyethylene naphthalate requiring high temperature molding

Thermal conductive composites were fabricated using a boron nitride (BN) filler and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) matrix. To enhance the interfacial affinity, two types of silane curing agents, 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and phenyl triethoxysilane (PTEOS), were introduced onto the BN particle surfaces. The modified BN particles were embedded in a PEN matrix via a melt mixing process using twin extrusion to form APTES@BN and PTEOS@BN composites. The highest thermal conductivity was exhibited at 50 wt% BN (1.41 W/mK), which increased to 1.54 W/mK and 1.63 W/mK when the BN particles were surface treated. These values were 9% and 16% higher than the thermal conductivities of the pure BN and the PEN matrix, respectively. The surface‐treated composite also showed improved storage moduli and tensile strength because of the improved interfacial adhesion and the interaction between the BN filler and the PEN matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1692–E1700, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Seawater ageing of glass fiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposites based on silylated clays

The performance of the fiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposites incorporating silylated clay minerals exposed to seawater ageing vis-à-vis the amount of grafted silanes has been studied. The novel glass fiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposites incorporating clay minerals treated with different concentrations of two different silane coupling agents (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) have been exposed to simulated seawater at two different temperatures i.e. 25 °C and 55 °C. All fiber reinforced epoxy-clay nanocomposites showed an increase in weight due to seawater absorption. The water uptake studies were analyzed with an assumption that weight loss due to hydrolytic degradation of epoxy would be insignificant as compared to weight gain by fiber reinforced composites due to absorption of seawater. The rate of diffusion of seawater in glass fiber reinforced epoxy-silylated clay nanocomposites was slightly less than that of glass fiber reinforced epoxy-clay nanocomposites incorporating a commercially available organically modified montmorillonite Cloisite 15A®. The water uptake behavior and durability of nanocomposites were significantly influenced by the polarity of the organic moieties, the morphology of clay minerals in epoxy and temperature of seawater. Clay minerals modified using small quantities of silane coupling agents in fiber reinforced epoxy-clay nanocomposites led to better retention of tensile and flexural strength after hygrothermal ageing owing to silanization effect on exfoliation, as well as forming covalent bonds with the matrix. However, if silane coupling agents are used in excess, it will lead to the development of siloxane network which will also encapsulate clay minerals. The presence of such networks would act as concentration sites and lead to a significant decrease in tensile and flexural strength, as observed.

Improving the performance of immobilized β-glucosidase using a microreactor

Here, we have presented a technically simple and efficient method for preparing a continuous flow microreactor by employing immobilized β-glucosidase in a silica quartz capillary tube. Developing an immobilized enzyme layer on the inner wall of the capillary tube involved the modification of the inner wall using bifunctional crosslinking agents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde before attaching β-glucosidase. The microreactor afforded unique reaction capacities compared with conventional batch operational configurations. These included enhanced pH and thermal stability during storage tests, increased conversion rates of cellobiose, and reduced product inhibition. The maximum conversion rate of soluble substrate cellobiose digestion in the microreactor was 76% at 50°C and pH 4.8 when the microreactor was operated continually over 10h at a flow rate of 7μL/min. This was markedly contrasting to the observed conversion rate of 56% when cellobiose was digested in a conventional batch mode under the same pH and temperature conditions. Reaction inhibition by glucose was significantly reduced in the microreactor. We postulate that the increased capacity of glucose to diffuse into the continual flowing media above the immobilized enzyme layer prevents glucose from reaching inhibitory concentrations at the substrate-enzyme interface.

Functionalization of Porous Clay Heterostructures with Silane Coupling Agents

The goal of this paper was to study the modification of porous clay heterostructures (PCHs) with various silane coupling agents. Two commercial coupling agents (3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS)) with different functional groups (amine and epoxy groups) were used as modifying agents for the PCHs functionalization. The functionalization of PCH with APTES and GPTMS was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffractions (XRD) and BET Analysis. FTIR spectra of modified PCHs confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks of silane coupling agents. TGA results highlighted an increase of weight loss for the modified PCHs that was assigned to the degradation of silane coupling agents (APTES and GPTMS) attached to the PCHs. The XRD results showed that the structure of modified PCHs was influenced by the type of the silane coupling agent. The functionalization of PCHs with silane coupling agents was also confirmed by BET analysis. Textural parameters (specific surface area (SBET), total pore volume (Vt )) suggested that the modified PCHs exhibit lower values of SBET and a significant decrease of total pore volume than unmodified PCHs.

Enhanced dielectric performance of polyimide composites with modified sandwich-like SiO2@GO hybrids

High-dielectric-constant (high-k) polymer nanocomposites are demonstrated to show great promise microelectronics industry. In this work, sandwich-like SiO2 encapsulated graphene oxide hybrids (SiO2@GO) were fabricated throng a sol–gel method to enhance the dielectric properties of PI. Series of analysis, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that SiO2 were successfully grafted onto the surface of GO and formed a sandwich-like core–shell structure hybrids. Then, polyimide (PI) composites filled with SiO2@GO were prepared via in-situ polymerization method. A dielectric constant of 73 (40Hz) was obtained for SiO2@GO/PI composites as the fraction of SiO2@GO was 20wt%. In order to improve the dielectric properties of composite, two kinds of coupling agents, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS), were used to modify the surface of SiO2@GO. GPTS-SiO2@GO/PI composite had an increased dielectric constant of 79 and a decreased loss of 0.25 at 40Hz. The significantly enhanced dielectric performance of GPTS-SiO2@GO/PI composite was caused by the good dispersion of GPTS-SiO2. In addition, the different dielectric performance of composites modified by different coupling agent was also discussed. This work could help researchers further understand the mechanism of fillers’ interface on the dielectric properties of composites.

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF VARIOUS SURFACE MODIFYING AGENTS ON PROPERTIES OF SILICA-FILLED CHLOROPRENE RUBBER

ABSTRACTInfluence of the surface modifying agents (SMAs) polyethylene glycol (PEG), 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) on properties of silica-filled chloroprene rubber (CR) was investigated. Results reveal that the presence of SMAs greatly improves mechanical and dynamic properties of the silica-filled CR because of the reduced filler–filler interaction and improved rubber–filler interaction as evidenced by the Payne effect and bound rubber content results, respectively. When compared at the same SMA dosage, TESPT gives the best overall vulcanizate properties. This effect is attributed to high coupling efficiency of TESPT and its ability to donate sulfur atoms during vulcanization, leading to the improved filler dispersion, rubber–filler interaction, and cross-link density. APTES gives high coupling efficiency, but because of the lack of sulfur atoms, its performance is slightly inferior to that of TESPT. In contrast, PEG can only reduce filler–filler interaction, with no significant impact on rubber–filler interaction and cross-link density; therefore, PEG provides lower property improvement.

Chemically immobilized and physically adsorbed PAN/acetylacetone modified mesoporous silica for the recovery of rare earth elements from the waste water-comparative and optimization study

This study was aimed at the investigation of Rare Earth Element (REE) recovery from aqueous solution by silica gels with 1-(2-Pyridylazo) 2-naphthol (PAN) and acetyl acetone (Acac) modifications. The two different methods of silica gel chelation, such as chemical immobilization with the help of silane coupling agents (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) in this study) and direct physical adsorption onto the silica surface, is compared in terms of their REE removal efficiency. A comparative analysis between adsorption of different REEs for different silica gels is performed and the influence of parameters such as pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration has been reported. The effect of calcined adsorbents on the adsorption process is also investigated. Characterization studies on silica gels by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential analysis are performed to better understand the relation between physical/chemical attributes of the adsorbents and their impact on the adsorption process. The experimental results are evaluated and optimal conditions for REE adsorption are identified. Chemically immobilized gels demonstrated immense potential for all the REE under study except Sc, for which, physically loaded gels seemed to be more efficient. The removal of REEs could be achieved at lower pHs by chemically immobilized PAN/Acac gels, making it suitable for many practical applications. The amine functionalized gels before chemical immobilization step were compared with PAN/Acac chemically immobilized gels in single as well as multi element system and the significance of chemical immobilization after amine functionalization is also stated.

Functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents.

A simple, robust and versatile hydrothermal synthesis route to in situ functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles was developed using titanium(IV) isopropoxide as Ti-precursor and selected silane coupling agents (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyldimethoxymethylsilane (AEAPS), and n-decyltriethoxysilane (DTES)). Spherical nanoparticles (ca. 9 nm) with narrow size distribution were obtained by using DTES or by synthesis performed without silane coupling agents. Rod-like nanoparticles along with 9 nm spherical nanoparticles were formed using aminosilane coupling agents because of a combination of oriented attachment of nanoparticles and specific adsorption of the aminosilane on crystallographic faces of anatase nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were functionalized in situ and became hydrophobic as silanes reacted to form covalent bonds on the surface of TiO2. The versatility of the aqueous synthesis route was demonstrated, and by selecting the type of silane coupling agent the surface properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles could be tailored. This synthesis route has been further developed into a two-step synthesis to TiO2–SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles. Combustion of the silane coupling agents up to 700 °C leads to the formation of a nanometric amorphous SiO2 layer, preventing growth and phase transition of the in situ functionalized nanoparticles.

Influence of Oxidized Starch and Modified Nano-SiO₂ on Performance of Urea-Formaldehyde (UF) Resin

In this work, the nano-SiO₂ was firstly modified by silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), meanwhile the dispersion of nanoparticles was studied with transmission electron microscope (TEM). Then urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins were synthesized and modified with the compound modifier made of different ratio of modified nano-SiO₂ and oxidized starch. All the products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Free formaldehyde content and bonding strength were measured as the main standard of the performance of the resin. The other performances of modified UF resins were also analysized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the modification could effectively reduce the free formaldehyde content, from 0.49 to 0.19%, and enhance the bonding strength, from 0.90 to 2.06 ㎫.

Silane coupling agent grafted graphene oxide and its modification on polybenzoxazine resin

Graphene oxide (GO), as a two-dimensional carbon material with excellent properties including strong mechanical properties and good thermal resistance, can be used to modify the polybenzoxazine (PBZ) resins. Unfortunately, the poor dispersity of GO is still the main obstacle restricting the effects of GO in PBZ resin. Silane coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane (APTS), is a good choice to modify the surface of GO to improve the dispersity and the bridging action between GO and PBZ resin. In this way, not only the poor dispersion of GO in benzoxazine can be overcome, but also the potential of GO, such as good thermal resistance and strong mechanical properties, can be explored during the modification of PBZ resin.