Mature Age Research Articles

Metabolic maturation in the infant urine during the first 3 months of life

The infant urine metabolome provides a body metabolic snapshot, and the sample collection can be done without stressing the fragile infant. 424 infant urine samples from 157 infants were sampled longitudinally at 1-, 2-, and 3 months of age. 49 metabolites were detected using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with multi- and univariate statistical methods to detect differences related to infant age-stage, gestational age, mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI, C-section, infant birth weight, and infant sex. Significant differences were identified between age-stage (pbonferoni < 0.05) in 30% (15/49) of the detected metabolites. Urine creatinine increased significantly from 1 to 3 months. In addition, myo-inositol, taurine, methionine, and glucose seem to have conserved levels within the individual over time. We calculated a urine metabolic maturation age and found that the metabolic age at 3 months is negatively correlated to weight at 1 year. These results demonstrate that the metabolic maturation can be observed in urine metabolome with implications on infant growth and specifically suggesting that the systematic age effect on creatinine promotes caution in using this as normalization of other urine metabolites.

The Transformation of a Person’s Life Plans in Mature Age

Introduction. There is a dual view about the orientation of transformation of life plans in people of mature age: on the one hand, the personality goes beyond the old structures, revealing its potential for the sake of further development; on the other hand, there is the risk of a motivational crisis associated with a change in the trajectory of personality development. Our research is designed to deepen and concretize ideas about the orientation and motivation of human life plans’ transformation at different stages of maturity. Purpose. The study of the peculiarities of motivation for the life plans’ transformation in mature age.Materials and methods. In this study, 4 tests were applied: The Diagnostics of Motivational Structure of Personality test by V. E. Milman, the Index of Aspirations test by E. Desi and R. Ryan (adapted by Yu. A. Kotelnikova), the Morphological Test of Life Values (MTLV) by V. F. Sopov, L. V. Karpushina, Test for Assessing the Life and Time Prospects of a Person by N. I. Nikolskaya. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data.Results. The study involved 160 people aged 35–55. We found out that respondents’ motivational priorities differ in general orientation – representatives of early maturity are oriented externally, whereas the motivational orientation of older respondents is rather internal. The features of emotional experiences are also revealed: in early maturity, they are sthenic and characterized by productivity, and in later maturity, they are rather asthenic, hindering activity.Discussion. Our study expands existing information about the motivational and emotional aspects of the life plans’ transformation in early and late maturity. The motivational priorities of the representatives of both age cohorts are established. In general, maturity is associated with a redefinition of the activity vector, a revision of the significance of life goals, and a transformation of plans, which leads to an expansion or change in the boundaries of the subject or the actualization of asthenic emotional experiences.

Simultaneous ammonia and organics degradation from municipal landfill leachate by electrochemical oxidation

ABSTRACT The two primary issues for wide implementation of the electrochemical oxidation of wastewater are the significant cost of electrode and high energy consumption. On the other side, conventional biological processes and membrane technology have several drawbacks for recalcitrant landfill leachate (LL) treatment. To address these issues, graphite/PbO2 anode was used to treat medium to mature age (biodegradability index, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand: 0.25) LL. To reduce the cost of the oxidation process and maximize the efficiency, operating conditions were optimized. The optimum parameter values were obtained as 24.7 mA cm−2, 180 ± 3 rpm, and 1.9 cm of current density, stirring rate, and electrode gap, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia-N removal efficiencies of 55 ± 1.4%, 81 ± 1.9%, and 56 ± 3% were obtained after 8 h of degradation at optimum conditions. The decrease in aromatic substances and ultraviolet (UV) quenching materials were evaluated by UV-Visible spectroscopy and Specific UV absorbance. The conversion of aromatic compounds into simpler molecule compounds was also verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The lab-scale anode synthesis cost was evaluated as 0.42 USD.

147 Effects of grazing dairy-beef and native beef crossbred steers on native range with supplementation on growth

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of grazing dairy-beef crossbred and native beef crossbred steers on native range with supplementation on growth. Dairy-beef (DB) steers (n = 75) were acquired and transported 214 km from Buffalo Feeders at Buffalo, OK. Native beef (NB) steers (n = 75) were acquired and transported 647 km from Capitol Land and Livestock at Schwertner, TX. All steers were transported to the Marvin Klemme Range Research Station in Bessie, OK. Steers were rested for 48 h and received ad libtum access to mixed grass hay and water. Steers were allocated by BW and randomly assigned to pasture based on a stocking rate of 2.43 ha/animal. Animals grazed 3 native pastures (pasture 1; n = 39, pasture 2; n = 52, pasture 3; n = 59), and pastures were balanced for breed type (pasture 1; DB = 21; NB = 18, pasture 2; BD = 26; NB = 26, pasture 3; DB = 28; NB = 31). Steers were supplemented with extruded 100% DDGS cubes (MasterHand Milling, Lexington, NE) at 0.45 kg per animal per day for the first 53 d. As forage maturity increased and 53-d body weights (BW) were taken, supplementation increased to 1.13 kg per animal per day. Initial BW was 8 ± 3 kg greater (P = 0.01) in DB steers than the NB steers. Native beef steers weighed 16 ± 4 kg heavier (P &amp;lt; 0.01) on d 60 and weighed 24 ± 5 kg heavier (P &amp;lt; 0.01) at final BW than the DB steers. Average daily gain for NB steers was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) by 0.46 ± 0.04 kg in the first 53 d and was greater (P = 0.01) by 0.11 ± 0.04 kg for d 53 to 145 than DB. Native beef steers also had a greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) overall ADG by 0.22 ± 0.02 kg. There were no differences (P = 0.55) in breed for those treated and re-retreated for issues such as pinkeye, foot rot, and BRD. Based on these results, breed of cattle grazing native rangeland in Southwestern Oklahoma with supplementation had an impact on performance, but no impact on treatment of respiratory and non-respiratory issues.

83 Effects of cottonseed meal supplementation on growth performance of heifers grazing mature summer forage

Abstract As perennial warm-season grasses mature in late summer, dry matter intake (DMI) of growing heifers may be limited due to low protein (7.2 ± 2.5 %) and increased NDF content (67.5 ± 2.7%), which may compromise growth potential. Cottonseed meal (CSM) supplementation may improve forage digestibility by increasing rumen degradable protein offered, but research regarding the specific effects of CSM supplementation on gain performance and composition of gain in heifers is limited. It was hypothesized that supplementation of CSM to heifers grazing mature forage would have greater growth performance compared with heifers not receiving CSM. Objectives for this experiment were to compare the effects of two CSM supplementation strategies on the growth performance of heifers grazing mature summer forage. In two consecutive summers, commercial Angus cross heifers (n = 63) weighing 266.08 ± 32.74 kg were blocked by BW (light, medium, and heavy) and allocated to 9 paddocks (1.64 ha) of WW-B. Dahl Bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii) for 67 to 70 d. This was a RCBD with a factorial arrangement of 3 treatments by 3 BW blocks, with paddock and year as random effects. Heifers received one of three supplementation strategies: no cottonseed meal (CON), 454 g/animal of CSM daily (CSM1), or 908 g/animal of CSM every other day (CSM2). Initial and final shrunk BW were measured; ADG and percent of BW gained were calculated. Ultrasound of initial and final longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat (BF), and intramuscular fat (IMF) were measured; percent gained was calculated, respectively. There were no treatment by block interactions for any measured variable. Heifers receiving CSM1 and CSM2 had greater final BW than heifers receiving CON (317 and 320.8 vs 302.6 kg, respectively; (P = 0.01). Likewise, percent of BW gained was greater (P = 0.02) for CSM1 and CSM2 supplemented heifers compared with CON heifers (19.4 and 20.2 vs 14.6%, respectively). The ADG of CSM1 and CSM2 supplemented heifers was greater (P = 0.01) than CON (0.74 and 0.78 vs 0.54 kg/d, respectively). Treatment did not affect the percent of BF (P = 0.24) or IMF gained (P = 0.39). Heifers receiving CSM1 and CSM2 tended to gain proportionally more LMA than heifers receiving CON (13.58 and 13.77 % vs 7.24%, respectively; P = 0.07). As anticipated, BW block affected final BW (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and percent BW gained (P = 0.02), as well as percent LMA gained (P = 0.02). In conclusion, CSM supplementation significantly affected growth performance of heifers grazing late summer WW-B. Dahl Bluestem forage versus no supplementation. In addition, there was no difference in growth performance between heifers receiving 454 g/d of CSM supplementation or 908 g/animal every other day, indicating flexibility for feeding strategy.

Children's rights and dental care treatment.

Dentists, especially paediatric dentists, should inform their young patients of the treatment to be undertaken in an appropriate and comprehensive manner. In 1989, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child - UNCRC - https://www.unicef. org/child-rights-convention/convention-text) was adopted, comprising of 54 articles concerning every aspect of a child's life, notably health, including oral health. More than 30 years after the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, both health professionals and parents still struggle to grasp this subject, resulting in its scarce application in daily practice. Children's rights have also been mentioned several times in medical and dental literature, reminding health professionals that the approach to young patients must be age-appropriate. The clinician must learn to consider children as the main protagonists in the choices concerning their health, and they must be aware of their rights from an early age. Particularly in the field of dentistry, it is a matter of guaranteeing the best dental care for every child with particular attention to the indigent or disabled (Article 23). In addition to this, the most effective and up-to-date treatment must be proposed, avoiding unnecessary extractions and favouring conservative therapy that can guarantee a better quality of life in the future, while reducing treatment under general anaesthesia. In current practice, consent to treatment is often demanded from the parents, without involving the child. However, every child has the right to freely express their opinion and be actively involved in any matter that concerns them. This opinion is expressed in different ways according to age and stage of maturity. Pictures, drawings, cartoons and videos can help the healthcare provider when explaining procedures to the young patient, thus allowing them to obtain consent and cooperation. In individual countries, it would be advisable to have guidelines that facilitate the child's active consent to health treatments. So, what happens in your country?

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF MISCHIEVOUSNESS AS A COMPONENT OF PLAY COMPETENCE (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF A DIAGNOSTIC EXPERIMENT)

This article reveals the psychological characteristics of the current development of mischievousness as one of the key components of play competence, based on the results of a diagnostic experiment. The research aimed to identify the characteristic features and determinants of mischievousness as they manifest in various social interactions. The total number of participants was 238, with 45% of them being young (ages 21-30) and 55% being of mature age (ages 31-40). Mischievousness, as a central aspect of playfulness, manifests through the ability to maintain autonomy in interpersonal relationships, using flexible emotional control and humor to form and strengthen positive social connections. A key characteristic is the ability to act comfortably in conditions of uncertainty and instability, with a capacity for experimentation and adaptation to changes. Individuals with well-developed mischievousness exhibit high levels of creativity, openness to new experiences, and the ability to navigate between risk and adherence to social norms. An important component is their high emotional intelligence, which allows them to skillfully manage the emotional reactions of others, especially in situations that require testing or stepping beyond conventional boundaries. The psychological profile of such individuals includes moderate extraversion, empathy, and high flexibility in social adaptation, enabling them to function effectively in various social contexts, including complex interpersonal conflict situations. The study also confirmed the importance of the "Mischief" play position as a behavioral model that promotes the development of social competence and cognitive flexibility in young people. Thus, well-developed mischievousness not only affects emotional stability but also enhances the capacity for creative social interaction.

몽골제국 倉庫制와 대칸의 재정 지리

This study explores when and how the warehousing system 倉庫制 in the Mongol Empire (1206~1370) had been established, developed, and administered. The warehouse, as an administrative service to accumulate and redistribute treasures, shows the relationship between the procurement of imperial materials and the circulation of commodities as well as the great Qan’s financial geography. The study examines the way in which the Mongol Emperor of Qa’an procured and controlled materials and treasures, and therefore to characterize the Mongol’s development of its own, especially in the fiscal finance.&#x0D; The first Mongol warehouses, balaqat in Mongol, were set up by Ögödei Qa’an in Mongolia in 1229. They consist of grain-houses (倉 cang in Chinese, anbār in Persian) and treasuries (庫 ku in Chinese, khazāna in Persian). Since Qubilai Qa’an sat on the throne in 1260, warehouses were increasingly built up. The number of grain-houses increased with the consolidation of the Southern Song in 1279. While land taxes 稅糧 traveled from Jiangnan provinces on the sea route to a capital city of Dadu 大都, the main base of grain supply was moved from Qiansicang 千斯倉 in the northeast to Wansinancang 萬斯南倉 in the south. Four Imperial Treasuries of Trillion 萬億四庫 beside Jishuitan 積水潭 storing valuables such as paper money, jade wares and others, served as the leading treasuries of the Empire.&#x0D; The warehouses were located along the middle and lower part of the Yellow River, the streams in Jianghui 江淮, as well as next to the canal in Huabei 華北 area. Geopolitically speaking, they mostly belonged to the central domain of Fuli 腹裏 (qol-un ulus in Mongol), supervised by the Central Secretariat 中書省. The fact that Large grain-houses and state treasuries were intensively stationed in the capital cities of Qara Qorum 和林, Dadu and Shangdu 上都, and their vicinities demonstrates their relevance to the Qa’an’s seasonal journey sites. The Qa’an stood in the center of collection, control, and consumption of imperial materials and treasures.&#x0D; In staffing, warehouse officials 倉庫官 (khazāna-chī in Persian) were originated from balaqači 八剌哈赤 and sangči 倉赤 in Mongol respectively. They came from keshig 怯薛, the Mongol imperial guards. Balaqači was appointed as a treasury official 庫官 or a gatekeeper general 封門官員, and sangči as an official of treasuries or grain-houses by the Qa’an in person to the warehouses in Dadu and nearby. This is called belge selection 別里哥選, or imperial appointment 宣授.&#x0D; The expansion of warehouses caused shortage of staffing in the Mongols. Considering staff’s personality and richness, the Yüan Dynasty appointed officials such as directors of collection 監納 or commissioners 大使 among Central Asians 色目人 and Chinese 漢人 through the selection process of the Secretarial or Presidential Councils 尙書省, called general selection 常選, or imperial decree appointment 勅授. And Bureau clerks 司吏 with richness, working career, governmental salaries, and mature age could be advanced to lower staffs in charge, or deputies 副使 in district warehouses 各路倉庫.&#x0D; Warehouse officials from the Mongols, Central Asians and Chinese show a ratio of 1 to 3 to 6. While more Mongols and Central Asians worked in Qara Qorum, the Chinese staffing grew larger particularly in grain-houses as time went by to the late period of the Empire.

Breed Preference by Farmers and the Morphometric Characteristics of Sukuma Goats and a Crossbred of Malya and Sukuma Goats in Maswa District, Tanzania

Aims: To study farmers’ perception toward performance of crossbreds (Malya x Sukuma) relative to the indigenous Sukuma goats.&#x0D; Study Design: The study was of cross-sectional design employing comparative analysis.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Maswa District of Tanzania over a three weeks period.&#x0D; Methodology: Fifty respondents from household which were previously involved in the crossbreeding program were sampled purposively. In which they were interviewed using questionnaires on good/positive and bad/negative attributes for each genotype, then ranks of desired breed according to market price, mature body size and age of attaining mature size. Body weights and linear body measurement of mature crossbred (Malya x Sukuma) goats and pure Sukuma goats were also taken after interviewing each household respondent. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive statistics option of SPSS and body measurements were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS.&#x0D; Results: The most preferred breed was crossbred goats due to their high market price, large mature body size and early age of attaining mature size. Good attributes for Sukuma goats were disease resistance (98%) and drought resistance (94%) while bad attributes were low price in the market (88%), small body size (94%) and slow growth rate (72%). Good attributes for crossbred goats were premium price in the market (92%), high growth rate (80%) and large body size (94%). Bad attributes for crossbred goats had very low frequency. The crossbred goats were larger compared to Sukuma goats. Their mature body measurements were body length (60.6±0.46 cm), heart girth (77.6±0.58 cm), height at withers (66.4±0.42 cm) and body weight (35.1±0.52 kg) for crossbred goats while corresponding mature body measurements for Sukuma goats were 49.6±0.42 cm, 65.1±0.54 cm, 56.7±0.39 cm and 21.6±0.48 kg, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: Crossbred goats were accepted by farmers due to their beneficial impact to the households’ economy.

Environment effect on mechanical parameters of soil-mixing

Soil improvement is originally an economical solution to make soil buildable, particularly compared to deep foundation methods using piles. The object of this research is the understanding of the behavior of soil-mixing material, in particular, what concerns the effect of environmental parameters, whether: temperature, water table level, chemical attacks, the phenomenon of aging etc. on the mechanical and physical characteristics (resistance to simple compression, resistance to simple bending, modulus of elasticity, porosity, density, etc.), of a soil-mixing column, in the short term and long term. The big problem is how to carry out experiments in the laboratory, which will be representative of the different phenomena that take place on a real scale (on site). To do this, our approach consists of studying different soil-mixing mixtures composed of «artificial» soils (clay and sand) and a CEM III/C cement, and with a variable W/C ratio. After making the test pieces, with the different dosages of cements and a ratio between clay and fixed sand, they were kept under normal temperature conditions, in order to reach a maturation age (180 days), to be able to begin the series of experiments. Once the specimens were subjected to the aging test, let’s begin to crush them with simple compression and simple bending. The parametric study highlights a percentage of clay beyond of which the resistance decreases and the rigidity of the material can pose a problem for certain structural uses. The different results obtained show that for a low cement dosage, the humidification-drying cycle influences both the resistance to simple compression and to bending simple, as well as the number of cycles affects the resistance values significantly. On the other hand, for a greater or lesser dosage of cement, the resistance values are not affected. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the choice of cement dosage depending on the nature of the soil influences the soil-mixing column and plays an important role on the lifespan of the column; therefore, it is necessary to give primary importance to the choice of cement dosage depending on the nature of the soil treated.

Listening Preference for Child-Directed Speech Versus Time-Reversed Speech in Moderate-Preterm Infants Compared to Full-Term Infants.

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether there is a listening preference for child-directed speech (CDS) over backward speech in moderate-preterm infants (MPIs). Eighteen MPIs of gestational age of 32.0 weeks (range: 32-34.06 weeks), chronological age of 8.09 months, and maturation age of 6.48 months served as the experimental group. The two control groups consisted of a total of 36 infants-20 full-term infants matched for chronological age and 16 full-term infants matched for maturation age. The infants were tested using the central fixation procedure and were presented with 16 trials of CDS and backward speech. A follow-up was conducted 5 years after the initial experiment using a developmental and a five-item parent questionnaire. MPIs did not demonstrate a preference for CDS over backward speech, whereas both control groups demonstrated a listening preference for CDS over backward speech. MPIs showed a delayed use of first words and word combinations and lower scores on the five-item questionnaire compared to term infants. Twelve MPIs (67%) did not demonstrate a preference for CDS over backward speech. Four of them (33%) were later diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. The lack of preference for CDS over backward speech in the MPIs group suggests delayed developmental pattern of speech processing compared to full-term peers. Delays in neurological maturation as well as listening experience in an unregulated environment outside the uterus during a sensitive period of brain development may affect the recognition of phonological and prosodic patterns that support listening preference for speech over backward speech.

Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Characteristics and Maturation Ages of Six Korean Oak Species

The objective of this study was to examine and compare radial variation of the anatomical characteristics and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood of the six Korean oak wood species: Quercus variabilis (Qv), Quercus serrata (Qs), Quercus mongolica (Qm), Quercus dentata (Qd), Quercus aliena (Qal), and Quercus acutissima (Qac). Quantitative anatomical features were observed from the pith to the bark at five growth-ring intervals using optical microscopy. A segmented regression model was used to evaluate the transition from juvenile wood to mature wood. The clearest transition from juvenile to mature wood was observed in the radial variation of the earlywood vessel diameter and fiber length. The maturation age of the six Korean oak species ranged from 19 to 44 years. Qv exhibited the highest values for latewood vessel diameter, fiber length, and fiber diameter. Qac displayed the highest values for earlywood vessel diameter and fiber wall thickness. The highest fiber lumen diameter was observed for Qm. The differences in earlywood and latewood vessel diameters and fiber lengths could be utilized as identification keys for these species. Earlywood vessel diameter and fiber length have emerged as the most reliable indicators for estimating the transition from juvenile to mature wood.

Variations in life-history traits in exploited and unexploited populations of Perth herring (Nematalosa vlaminghi): evidence for density-dependent growth?

Context Fishing can reduce population biomass, allowing remaining individuals to grow faster and mature earlier because of greater resource availability, which potentially compensates for lost reproductive output over a shortened lifespan resulting from fishing mortality. Aims To compare life-history traits of Nematalosa vlaminghi, a long-lived (20 years), semi-anadromous fish endemic to south-western Australia, in exploited and unexploited populations living in similar environments. Methods Populations were sampled in 2016–2018. Total mortality (Z) was estimated using catch-curve analyses, allowing for annual recruitment variability. Maturation age and length was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Growth curves were fitted to length-at-age data. Key results Compared to the unexploited population, Z was 2.6 times greater, juvenile growth was more than twice as fast, and maturity was attained at least 3 years earlier in the unexploited population. Conclusions Results supported the hypothesis of faster growth in exploited populations because of density-dependent processes. Environmental factors may also have contributed to trait differences between populations. Implications Faster growth and earlier maturation may partly compensate for lost reproductive output in exploited populations, although severe age truncation owing to fishing is still likely to decrease population resilience in this species, irrespective of any compensatory density-dependent processes.

Single-step genomic prediction for body weight and maturity age in Finnish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The use of genomic information has been proven to be a highly effective in predicting genomic breeding values (GEBV) across various species, including aquatic organisms. In the Finnish national rainbow trout breeding programme, the integration of genomic selection holds particular significance for the traits recorded on sibling fish reared in the main commercial sea production environment, given the selection occurs among the breeding candidates reared in the freshwater nucleus. In the programme, family tanks allow to maintain a pedigree for a large number of fish, and genotyping of a portion of the fish accompanied with a single-step genomic evaluation (ssGBLUP) would maintain high selection intensity and simultaneously make use of possibilities of genomic selection. In this study we used three different statistical approaches to quantify the selection accuracy of ssGBLUP evaluation of body weight and maturity age, relative to the evaluation based on the traditional sire-dam-offspring pedigree (PBLUP). The data included 600,409 fish in the pedigree among which 214,410 and 4573 were phenotyped for the reported traits and genotyped, respectively. Firstly, a phenotypic cross validation study showed that ssGBLUP had a slightly better prediction power for body weight and maturity age recorded at the sea, with an average 2.7% relative increase in accuracy compared to PBLUP. Secondly, a linear regression (LR) of GEBVs computed using either full or reduced dataset demonstrated that the ssGBLUP model had a consistently lower bias and dispersion compared to the PBLUP model, underscoring its efficacy in dealing with complex datasets like ours. When considering the reliability of [G]EBV predictions, the use of ssGBLUP model resulted in a significant improvement. There is, on average, a notable 50% relative increase in the reliability of predictions for the sea-recorded traits. Thirdly, the enhancement in reliability was further evidenced by the individual assessment of [G]EBVs computed using the reverse reliability methodology. Notably, genotyped individuals experienced an average increase of 0.27 units in reliability, while ungenotyped individuals experienced a corresponding increase of 0.03 units. The results show that the ssGBLUP method had higher prediction accuracy for both sea and freshwater traits compared to PBLUP. The developed ssGBLUP model will be instrumental in Finland's rainbow trout breeding, facilitating precise and efficient selection of new candidates.

Building program "wellness" for the correction of the figure of women of the first mature age

This article examines the importance of an approach to health and weight loss through the prism of the concept of Wellness in women. "Wellness" is a global approach to health care, covering physical, emotional and social well-being. The author emphasizes the importance of integrating "Wellness" into everyday life in order to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive approach to maintaining health and achieving weight loss goals.&#x0D; The article discusses the key components of wellness for women, including physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and psychological well-being. Practical tips and recommendations aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle adapted to the individual needs of women are provided.&#x0D; The article also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and a positive attitude towards one's body. "Wellness" calls for understanding the unique needs of each woman and creating a harmonious balance between physical and emotional well- being. The article provides practical advice on how to integrate simple exercise and healthy skills into women's busy daily lives.&#x0D; The following methods were used to achieve the goal: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics.&#x0D; The research was carried out at NUFVSU, at the Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, as well as at the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&amp;DANCE" in Kyiv. Women in the first period of adulthood who work in the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&amp;DANCE" took part in the research. The total number of women is 40.&#x0D; Considering the effectiveness of a complex of wellness programs in correcting the figure of women in the first period of adulthood, a complex of high-interval training, cosmetology procedures, SPA procedures, as well as general nutritional recommendations was selected.&#x0D; Prospects for further research. Further research will be aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed program.

The Impact of Methylphenidate on Pubertal Maturation and Bone Age in ADHD Children and Adolescents: Results from the ADHD Drugs Use Chronic Effects (ADDUCE) Project

Objective: The short-term safety of methylphenidate (MPH) has been widely demonstrated; however the long-term safety is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of MPH in relation to pubertal maturation and to explore the monitoring of bone age. Method: Participants from ADDUCE, a two-year observational longitudinal study with three parallel cohorts (MPH group, no-MPH group, and a non-ADHD control group), were compared with respect to Tanner staging. An Italian subsample of medicated-ADHD was further assessed by the monitoring of bone age. Results: The medicated and unmedicated ADHD groups did not differ in Tanner stages indicating no higher risk of sexual maturational delay in the MPH-treated patients. The medicated subsample monitored for bone age showed a slight acceleration of the bone maturation after 24 months, however their predicted adult height remained stable. Conclusion: Our results do not suggest safety concerns on long-term treatment with MPH in relation to pubertal maturation and growth.

Adaptation and Performance Evaluation of Layer (Bovan Brown) Chicken Breed in Peri-Urban Areas of Agro-Pastoralist, South Omo Zone, Ethiopia

An experiment targeted the adaptation and performance evaluation of the Bovan Brown chicken breed in peri-urban areas of Agro-pastoralist was conducted in the Malle district. One kebele and 25 households were selected purposively. Training was provided and 21 pullet chickens were distributed to each household. Vaccination was given for the common poultry diseases. The commercial feed was used for the first two months, and then home-prepared feed in addition to kitchen refusal, garden forages, insects, and worms. Mortality was the collective effect of disease, stress, predators, and injury. The average body weight of the breed was 1.5 Kg with an average age of sexual maturity of 6 months. On average the breed laid 237 eggs per hen per year with a relative egg weight of 48, 51, 53, and 57 g at 5%, 10%, 50%, and 95% lay periods, respectively. The breed was preferred due to its survival, egg production, feed conversion ability, and fast age of sexual maturity with some constraints such as feed shortage, absence of the breed, veterinary drugs, and vaccines in the district. The “Bovan Brown” breed was adapted, performed well, and was preferred by the users with the limitation of chicken feed and the awareness gap of keepers. Therefore, the chicken keepers should be trained for the preparation of the layers feed, especially, protein sources, and the distribution of the breed should be limited to urban, per-urban, and trained keepers with access to the road to buy inputs and sale outputs.

Characterization of dental calculus in the South American Quaternary proboscidean Notiomastodon platensis (Ameghino, 1888)

ABSTRACTDental calculus, or tartar, is a mineralized biofilm that develops on the teeth, and is often observed on the teeth of the South American proboscidean Notiomastodon platensis. This structure can provide details on paleoecological, paleoenvironmental and paleopathological aspects of a species. However, characterization of tartar in N. platensis is lacking. The aim of this study was to provide a macromorphological characterization of tartar on N. platensis molars, and evaluate its prevalence, distribution patterns and severity. A total of 117 molariforms from Brazilian Quaternary fossiliferous assemblages were analyzed. Thirty‐five (29.9%) molars presented tartar. The majority displayed moderate severity. Calculus was present at least on one inteloph(id) of each molar, and prevailed on the posterior region. It predominated on lower and third molars. Adult individuals showed a predominance compared to juveniles. These patterns in N. platensis are probably due to the susceptible oral environment, molar morphology, mature age and tooth replacement. These results suggest that N. platensis and probably other proboscideans were relatively susceptible to tartar development.

CURVA DE CRECIMIENTO DE CUYES MACHOS (Cavia porcellus) DE LA RAZA PERÚ MEDIANTE MODELOS NO LINEALES EN COLOMBIA

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Animal growth modeling is a tool that enables the acquisition of parameters to evaluate animal performance and predict outcomes for decision-making. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To describe the growth of male guinea pigs of the Peruvian breed using the non-linear Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy models. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology&lt;/strong&gt;: Twelve male guinea pigs with an initial weight of 393 ± 55 g were housed in metabolic cages with &lt;em&gt;ad libitum&lt;/em&gt; feeding of a complete pellet diet. They were weighed every seven days for 13 weeks until reaching 1197 ± 84 g. Criteria used to assess the model's fitting ability included the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and mean squared prediction error (CMEP). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The Logistic model consistently predicted maturity weight (1421g), initial weight (187g), age (65 days), and weight (711g) at the growth curve inflection point. Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy's models tended to overestimate adult weight (A) and exhibited the lowest maturity index (k). Among Gompertz, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy models, AIC, BIC, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, CCC, and CMEP fitting criteria showed no significant differences (p &amp;gt; 0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Implications:&lt;/strong&gt; The Brody model was the only one with biologically inconsistent parameters. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Considering the biological significance of parameters and residual analysis, the Logistic model is more suitable for describing the growth curve of male guinea pigs of the Peruvian breed.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Virtual craniometry using the skull anatomy program

Craniometric studies were carried out on mature male skulls of the 2nd period using the original Skull anatomy program. Depending on the transverse-longitudinal index, all skulls were distributed into 3 forms: brachycrania, mesocrania and dolichocrania. With a transverse-longitudinal index of 74.9 or less, dolichocrania was determined, from 75.0 to 79.9 – mesocrania, with a cranial index of 80.0 or more – brachycrania. When measuring the transverse diameter of the skull, the lowest value of the dolichocranic skull shape was obtained, while in the brachiocranic and mesocranic skull shapes these values were higher by 5.9 % and 2.9 %, respectively (p 0.05). Statistically significant differences in longitudinal diameter were noted between the three skull shapes. The obtained craniometry results of the cerebral part of the skull show that the main parameters by which the shapes of the skulls differ in males of mature age of the second period are the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the skull and the length of its base.