Machine Age Research Articles

Manufacturing Revolution Boosts People Issues: The Evolutionary Need for ‘Human‐Automation Resource Management' in Smart Factories

Driven by significant innovations in manufacturing on the edge of a ‘second machine age', automation will play a pivotal role in turning the world of work upside down. Digitized manufacturing is fundamentally changing relations between human and machine. The expected symbiosis has not yet been systematically organized, since human resource management has widely ignored the topic of automation. If HRM fails to answer the final call, it will lose its influence in smart factories, ultimately being replaced by other functions. Our theoretically derived concept of human‐automation resource management (HARM) discloses a possible way out by specifically tackling the conjunction between humans and machines. We will sketch HARM as the combination of HRM and automation management and, therefore, as the next evolutionary step in the advancement of HRM. After supporting the strategic integration by means of its synergistic benefits, we will determine the tasks HARM is expected to fulfill at the automation‐people‐nexus.

Speculating on the Future of Graphic Design in the Age of Intelligent Machines

Speculating on the Future of Graphic Design in the Age of Intelligent Machines

Charles A. Beard's Vision of Government: Rethinking American Democracy in the Machine Age

AbstractCharles A. Beard's trajectory as a political scientist and expert on municipal government has not yet been fully examined. Based on a close analysis of his teaching at Columbia University and his contributions to city government in New York and Tokyo, this article outlines the development of Beard's vision of American democracy. It argues that, unlike most progressives, Beard refrained from endorsing direct democracy measures as a blueprint for reform, focusing instead on streamlining the American system of government to incorporate, in a transparent fashion, both political parties and interest groups. This article showcases Beard's conception of politics and explains how pluralism and functionalism underpinned his proposals for efficient government.

What do you mean? Research in the Age of Machines

What Do You Mean?” was an undeniable bop of its era in which Justin Bieber explores the ambiguities of romantic communication. (I pinky promise this will soon make sense for scholarly communication librarians interested in artificial intelligence [AI].) When the single hit airwaves in 2015, there was a meta-debate over what Bieber meant to add to public discourse with lyrics like “What do you mean? Oh, oh, when you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no.” It is unlikely Bieber had consent culture in mind, but the failure of his songwriting team to take into account that some audiences might interpret it that way was ironic, considering the song is all about interpreting signals.

Analysis Quality Control of Carded and Combed Yarns Using Six Sigma Method

The purpose of this study is to conduct a quality control analysis of carded and combed yarn produced using the six sigma method. The approach used in working with the Six Sigma method is DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control). The results is obtained from the carded and combed yarn products are there are 4 types of defects, such as the strength of the thread does not match the standard, contami, bad rolls and tangled thread. The average DPMO value is both threads of 7,786 with an average sigma level of 4. The root causes of product defects are operators’ fatigue, age of machines, no machine checks, cotton fibers from the eastern countries and lack of ventilation. The conclusion obtained by using the DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control) to analyze 4 types of strength defects is that the strength defects do not match the standard is the most dominant type of defect. In addition, the results of the DPMO value and sigma level indicate that the product quality is good, exceeding the average sigma level of the company in Indonesia.

The Machine Age of Marketing: How Artificial Intelligence Changes the Way People Think, Act, and Decide

Abstract Whatever your perception of AI is, the machine age of marketing has arrived. To fully grasp how AI is changing every fabric of both our professional and private lives, we need to abstract beyond the presence of autonomous cars, digital voice assistants, or using machines to translate some text for us. AI is creating new forms of competition, value chains, and novel ways of orchestrating economies around the world. AI is more than just technology, it’s creating a new economy. The fuel that runs this economy is the combination of computational processing power, data, and the algorithms that process this data. AI has the potential to make our life easier, but this convenience might come at a price which we have to pay such as biases directly built-in to the algorithms we use, data privacy issues or failed AI projects in business practice. But without testing, failing, and learning from our failures, there

Prosthetic Soul Mates: Sex Robots as Media for Companionship

Prosthetic Soul Mates: Sex Robots as Media for Companionship

Implementing liberal arts education in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: lessons and implications for Korea’s higher education policy

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the role of higher education in the looming era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Though some believe that the exponential pace of technological advancement will make traditional higher education obsolete and replace it with lifelong microlearning and upskilling models, research shows that what will empower future generations to thrive in the new age of machines is not up-to-date technical fluency but such distinctly human traits as creative problem-solving, critical thinking, cognitive flexibility, cultural agility, and emotional intelligence. The key to cultivating these soft ‘human’ skills, the paper contends, lies in liberal arts education. To illustrate how a well-designed liberal arts curriculum can develop the capacities demanded of the future workforce, the paper presents brief case studies of liberal arts programs in Singapore and China. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges and policy directions for implementing liberal arts education in Korea’s higher education system.

Chatbots Employing Deep Learning for Big Data

With the evolution of artificial intelligence to deep learning, the age of perspicacious machines has pioneered that can even mimic as a human. A Conversational software agent is one of the best-suited examples of such intuitive machines which are also commonly known as chatbot actuated with natural language processing. The paper enlisted some existing popular chatbots along with their details, technical specifications, and functionalities. Research shows that most of the customers have experienced penurious service. Also, the inception of meaningful cum instructive feedback endure a demanding and exigent assignment as enactment for chatbots builtout reckon mostly upon templates and hand-written rules. Current chatbot models lack in generating required responses and thus contradict the quality conversation. So involving deep learning amongst these models can overcome this lack and can fill up the paucity with deep neural networks. Some of the deep Neural networks utilized for this till now are Stacked Auto-Encoder, sparse auto-encoders, predictive sparse and denoising auto-encoders. But these DNN are unable to handle big data involving large amounts of heterogeneous data. While Tensor Auto Encoder which overcomes this drawback is time-consuming. This paper has proposed the Chatbot to handle the big data in a manageable time.

Socio-technics and beyond: an approach to organisation studies and design in the second machine age

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New Economy Narrative?: A Comparative Analysis of Technology and Economic Recovery in the Business Press

ABSTRACT Recently, terms such as the “fourth industrial revolution”, or the “second machine age”, have been used both in the business press and by academics to describe the current era of technological development. Embedded in these catchphrases is an assumption about the role of technology in the economy, who it serves, and the outcomes it provides. Communication scholars have long studied how the economy and technology are independently framed in the media, but little work has focused on how these terms are framed together. Understanding how the media frames technology’s role in the economy, and how those frames change over time, is necessary to fully analyze the role of technology in today’s society. This paper conducts a comparative frame analysis of the business press in two recent periods heavily influenced by technological development: 1992–1998 and 2010–2016. Results of this frame analysis show that a positive Growth frame was the most popular frame used in both periods. Overall coverage of technology’s role in the economy has dropped significantly since 1992. The 2010–2016 period saw a notable drop in positive Market Disruption frames but an increase in positive Social Recomposition and Employment frames.

Prizes, Medals and Honourable Mentions

Abstract Ever since antiquity, medals that were often also remarkable works of art were used to mark the achievements and testify to the glory of a person or his bravery on the battlefield, or to celebrate or commemorate a particular event. Sovereigns and nobles wore medals as symbols of their power, wealth and achievements or distributed them as exceptional gifts in order to maintain or garner support. In the 19th century the use of medals increased dramatically. In fact, with the machine age a new class of heroes was born. These were the engineers, the technicians and the manufacturers who were industrializing the Western world. And these pioneers of technological progress became the new recipients of a tide of medals, diplomas and awards which were primarily distributed at the national, international and universal exhibitions and fairs which abounded during the last decades of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th centuries. This essay will focus on instrument makers, whose activities bridged science and industry. Their products represented the high technology of their day in the sector of precision instruments, and the most outstanding ones, judged to be deserving of an award, were selected following examination by a jury composed of specialists. But what were the criteria adopted by the jurors? Did political considerations influence their judgments? What were the importance and the significance of these awards? Did they have an impact on the instrument maker’s trade or were they just attractive souvenirs to be taken home from the exhibitions? Based on an analysis of many documents (reports, lists of medallists, catalogues, specialized articles, etc.) relating to industrial exhibitions held in Europe and the United States during the 19th century, the present essay provides an answer to these questions.

Technological Unemployment, Meaning in Life, Purpose of Business, and the Future of Stakeholders

We offer a precautionary account of why business managers should proactively rethink about what kinds of automation firms ought to implement, by exploring two challenges that automation will potentially pose. We engage the current debate concerning whether life without work opportunities will incur a meaning crisis, offering an argument in favor of the position that if technological unemployment occurs, the machine age may be a structurally limited condition for many without work opportunities to have or add meaning to their lives. We term this the axiological challenge. This challenge, if it turns out to be persuasive, leads to a second challenge, to which managers should pay special attention: the teleological challenge, a topic especially relevant to the broad literature about corporate purpose and governance. We argue that both the shareholder profit-maximization model and its major alternative, stakeholder theory, are insufficient to address the meaning crisis. Unless rebutted, the two challenges compel business leaders to proactively rethink the purpose of business for future society. Otherwise, businesses will be contributors to a major ethical crisis and societal externality in the coming society.

Frank Furness: Architecture in the Age of the Great Machines

Frank Furness: Architecture in the Age of the Great Machines

Leveraging industrial statistics in the data revolution: The Youden Memorial Address at the 63rd Annual Fall Technical Conference

We are in the midst of a “Data Revolution” that is transforming our economy. This revolution is as large and profound as other major economic shifts from the introduction of the printing press to the Industrial Revolution. In this article, we compare the development of the field of Industrial Statistics as an outgrowth of the Machine Age to the development of the field of Data Science as an outgrowth of the Information Age. It is shown how the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for “Data Scientists” have evolved to support companies as they try to differentiate themselves in the Information Age. It is discussed how the unique skills that Industrial Statisticians possess can provide a transformative advantage to Data Scientists working in the Information Age. Advice is given on how to leverage Industrial Statistics in the midst of the Data Revolution so that we ethically and responsibly implement the tools of Data Science, address important problems, and inclusively educate future generations.

Routine Monitoring DCC CMM using Laser Interferometer

Manufacturing deals with the high quality product due to the accuracy which produced by measuring machines. In other case, the performance of regular diagnostic of measuring machine should be maintained to aim confidence and reliability in the measurements result. One of the equipment that can reach high accuracy is Direct Computer Control Coordinate Measuring Machine (DCC CMM). The accuracy of DCC CMM is a critical factor that affects result of product measuring. Operator need the higher accuracy machine to maintain the DCC CMM Performance and the consequent of the machine should has better accuracy than the DCC CMM accuracy it self. One of that tool is laser interferometer which has better accuracy than DCC CMM specification and produce the data and can be analyzed for DCC CMM performance. The consistent performance of the DCC CMM is constrained by the errors that brought by the machine error that occurs on a periodic basis on the account of machine usage, machine age and operating temperature. DCC CMM accuracy was compensated and improved by identifying the machine condition. This condition also applicable for predict the machine errors.

‘An Imagist in Amber’: Hart Crane’s Early Publications and Greenwich Village

Examining Hart Crane’s engagements with his editors and magazine publishers enables a reappraisal of his poetry and its critical reception. This reassessment pioneers an author study through methodologies associated with periodical studies with a close focus on the early stages of Crane’s career, highlighting developments that were prompted by his reading of contemporaneous experiments in ‘post-Decadence’ in Greenwich Village journals of the late 1910s. This article examines the influence on his poetry of their particular brand of ‘post-Decadent’ modernism by looking at the shift from Crane’s imitative efforts in fin-de-siecle poetics with ‘C33’ (Bruno’s Weekly) and ‘Carmen de Boheme’ (Bruno’s Bohemia) to later publications ‘Echoes’ and ‘Modern Craft’ in The Pagan that showcased his ‘yellow book sympathies’ using Imagistic forms, revealing Crane to be an ‘Imagist in amber’ (in Genevieve Taggard’s suggestive phrase). Crane distanced himself from Village journals in 1919, and this article posits that this move marked an aesthetic shift from the sincere experiments in ‘post-Decadence’ and Imagism that characterize his early verse to the cosmopolitan, ‘machine age’ aesthetic of his later work. Finally, this article demonstrates how patterns established in his immediate reception are reproduced in later criticism – and may even explain his relative critical neglect. For his contemporary reviewers, who set the tone of his reception, he never quite escaped his association with Greenwich Village post-Decadence.

Seasonal variations in measurements of linear accelerator output.

PurposeSeasonal trends in linear accelerator output have been reported by at least one institution and data have suggested that they may be present at our center as well. The purpose of this work was to characterize these trends and determine whether local environmental conditions within the treatment rooms may be impacting the linear accelerators and/or the quality control (QC) dosimeter.MethodsRuntime plots of daily output data, acquired using an in‐house ion chamber‐based device, over 3 yr and for 15 linear accelerators of different makes and models were reviewed and evaluated. Environmental conditions were monitored prospectively in a representative treatment room for approximately 9 months and evaluated for correlations with output trends. Independent measures of output using daily MV portal images were compared with output measurements using the ion chamber‐based device. A separate controlled experiment probing the response of the in‐house dosimeter to humidity changes over time was also carried out using a constant current source and a small enclosure.ResultsRuntime plots of output revealed sinusoidal, seasonal variations that were consistent across all treatment units, irrespective of manufacturer, model, or age of machine. The amplitude of the variation was on the order of 1% and maintained a yearly period. The independent measure of output using MV portal images did not corroborate the seasonal trends observed with the daily QC dosimeter. Based on the controlled experiment, the QC dosimeter was found to have a dependence on relative humidity changes, decreasing 1% in output per 30% increase in relative humidity.ConclusionsResults confirm the presence of underlying seasonal variations in measured output from the linear accelerators. The findings identify humidity impact on the measurement device as the underlying cause of the cyclical changes and not the accelerators themselves. These results could help minimize unwarranted machine servicing.

Improving the Lot Fabrication Stability and Performance of Silica Optical Films during PECVD

Silica optical film specifications are determined by their processing capability and their fabrication stability. Here, a statistical process control (SPC) approach usually used in planar lightwave circuits (PLC) is adopted to analyze the stability of the silica optical film fabrication process. Apart from the raw materials, certain key external factors have to be taken into consideration during the PLC process, such as temperature, relative humidity, process variation and machine aging. The fabrication process can be adjusted according to SPC-based results in real-time, so as to produce high quality silica optical film. By using this method, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of older production lines and extend their production capacity at minimal cost.

The robots are here

Do door-opening robodogs herald a new age of intelligent machines? Daniel Cossins separates the truth from the hype