Age Of First Sexual Intercourse Research Articles

(263) Sexuality and Fertility among Young Women Treated for Cervical Cancer

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer is the fourth cancer in women. Its incidence is particularly high in developing countries. The increase in cases among young women in low- and middle-income countries may be due to changes in sexual behaviors and an increased risk of HPV infection and the absence of vaccination programs. The mortality and morbidity rates of cervical cancer are very high if diagnosed at an advanced stage. It is a preventable Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related cancer. Cervical cancer patients are often stigmatized because of the idea that this cancer is associated with early-onset sexuality. Furthermore, the treatments for such cancer are mutilating for women often causing definitive infertility and sexual and/or couple dysfunctions. Objective This study aims to describe the changes in sexuality and fertility among young women diagnosed and treated for cervical cancer Methods It is a monocentric cross-sectional study based on a phone survey. We included and contacted all young women (under 40) when they were diagnosed with and/or treated for cervical cancer in our institution for 11 years from January 2010 to December 2020. We excluded all patients with a history of chronic disease other than cervical cancer. The study took place from January To May 2022. We developed an 8-item questionnaire in the local dialect and used the validated translation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to evaluate the participants' sexual function. Results We included 23 cases of cervical cancer in young women, i.e. a response rate of 4.6%. The average age of our sample was 34.7 years (±4.7). The median age of first sexual intercourse was 21.5 years [20–25.25]. The abortion rate was 2 [0.25–2.75] per participant. The median age of the first pregnancy was 21 years [21–27]. The most common symptom leading to the cancer diagnosis was post-coital metrorrhagia in 12 (52.2%) of cases. The first Pap smear led to a cervical cancer diagnosis in 13 cases (56.5%). Five patients had a tumor size ≤ 40 mm and 4 patients were metastatic at the time of the diagnosis. Eighteen patients underwent surgical treatment of whom 5 had a fertility-sparing technique. All patients got radiation. The average duration of follow-up was 5.72 years ±0.3.247. The average survival is 9.7 years (±0.9 years; 95% CI 7.9 – 11.5 years). The 3-year survival rate is 82.6%, and the 5-year survival rate is 82.6%. Five patients expressed a desire for pregnancy after the treatment, one got pregnant after 5 years. Five patients expressed that there was an impact on their sexuality after the treatment with sexual disorders with pain, in particular dyspareunia and vulvodynia, and a decrease in female desire associated with a guilty feeling. All patients had pathological FSFI scores regarding all the domains of female sexual function Conclusions Sexuality and fertility are taboo among young cervical cancer survivors. The sexual stigma of cervical cancer as a sexually transmitted disease is present in our population. Fertility-sparing surgical techniques and less sexually harmful radiation techniques are still to be perfected. Disclosure No.

Self-treatment in a health environment marked by social vulnerability: The case of sexually transmitted infections in Morocco

Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health problem. Most of these infections can be easily diagnosed and treated. The treatment and management of these infections require the mobilization of all health professionals and the active participation of patients. Self-treatment of sexually transmitted infections is common but little studied in Morocco. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the factors associated with self-treatment and its effects on the duration of symptoms of sexually transmitted infections before medical management. A cross-sectional interview survey of 1,100 women of childbearing age in health facilities in the province of Essaouira was carried out in search of factors associated with self-treatment in the presence of signs of sexually transmitted infections. In this context, self-medication in the presence of signs of STI was reported by 16.3% of women of childbearing age surveyed. This self-medication was statistically associated with the woman’s level of education (p = 0.000), diagnosis of an STI syndrome after examination (p < 0.01), marital status (p < 0.05), decision to seek treatment (p < 0.05), distance from the nearest health facility (p < 0.05), age of first sexual intercourse (p < 0.001), and monthly family income (p < 0.05). Age, place of residence, and multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months were not associated with self-medication (> 0.05). Finally, self-medication is common among patients with sexually transmitted infections, but these individuals are limited by a lack of information about the adverse effects, interactions, and contraindications of these drugs.

Menstrual Patterns and Age of Menarche in Young Women from the United States

Background Menarche is a salient event for adolescents that marks the beginning of reproductive life and the commencement of menstrual cycles. Despite this, much less is known about how the timing of menarche is related to menstrual patterns. Methods To that end, a cross-sectional sample of 523 young women in college from the United States provided data on menarcheal age, menses and cycle length, blood loss during menses, dysmenorrhea, and menstrual cycle regularity. Sociodemographic data such as age of first sexual intercourse, presence of biological father while growing up, self-reported body weight, and urban versus rural place of residence were also obtained. Results Mean menarcheal age was 12.89±1.31-years. Regarding cycle length, 42 (8.2%) of the women had cycles shorter than 21-days, 402 (78.2%) between 21 and 35-days, and 70 (13.6%) had cycles longer than 35-days. Concerning menorrhagia, 61 (11.8%) reported a small quantity of blood loss, 363 (70.1%) a medium quantity, and 94 (18.1%) reported a large loss of blood (menorrhagia). Duration of menstrual bleeding also showed variability with 33 (6.4%), 280 (54.2%), and 204 (39.5%) reporting menstrual bleeding lasting less than 3-days, 2 to 5-days, and greater than 5-days, respectively. The overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 61.7% (n=319) of the sample, while 36.3% (n=187) reported irregular menstrual cycles. Logistic regression indicated that early menarche, long menses duration, large self-reported amount of blood loss, and early age of first sexual intercourse were significant predictors of dysmenorrhea, while women with small self-reported amount of blood loss, a short menses duration, and long cycles were less likely to have dysmenorrhea. Concerning the timing of menarche, participants who were over-weight, grew up in urban environments, had dysmenorrhea, had early first consensual sexual intercourse, and grew up without a biological father, were more likely to have early menarche. Conclusion These findings suggest that menstrual disorders are common among a sample of young women from the United States and also identify sociodemographic variables that are related to menarcheal age.

Perception of HIV-related behavior and influencing factors among young students in Guangzhou

Objective: To investigate the risk perception for risky behavior of HIV/AIDS infection among young students and to analyze the related influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 different types of Guangzhou colleges from September to November 2021, in which convenience sampling and a minimum number of classes per grade and 600 samples per school were used according to the national unity program. Disordered multi-classification logistic regression was used to construct a risk perception model and analyze influencing factors in different risk perception levels. Results: A total of 7 346 young students were surveyed, and most rated themselves at low risk of HIV/AIDS infections (90.58%, 6 654/7 346). A total of 89.10% (6 545/7 346) of subjects' perception of their HIV/AIDS infection risk was consistent with their risk behavior, while 10.90% (801/7 346) was inconsistent. Among those inconsistent subjects, 19.10% (153/801) showed underestimating their risk , while 80.90% (648/801) seen overestimating their risk. Disordered multi-classification logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for other factors, compared with the non-sexual group, respondents whose first sex age under 18 had a higher rate of underestimating their risk of infection (OR=129.39, 95%CI: 73.28-228.48), as well as a higher rate of overestimated their risk of infection (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.04-2.99). First sexual intercourse at age 18 or older was a risk factor for underestimating risk (OR=70.56, 95%CI: 42.72-116.53), but was not statistically associated with overestimating risk. Being female, other school type, non-heterosexual orientation, and self-rated HIV-related knowledge as fair or no knowledge were risk factors for overestimating risk but were not statistically associated with underestimating risk. Conclusions: Overall, young students in universities of Guangzhou have a good risk perception of HIV/AIDS infection. Individual factors, education factors and sexual experience will influence students' risk perception of HIV/AIDS infection. Raising the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge and delaying the age of first sexual intercourse will improve the risk perception ability of young students.

The Determination of Knowledge Levels of Women about the Prevention of Gynecological Cancers

Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge level of women in the prevention of gynecological cancers. 
 Methods: This descriptive research was conducted with 420 women from May to June 2022. Introductory Information Form and Gynecological Cancer Prevention Information Scale were used to collect of data.
 Results: The total mean score of the Gynecological Cancer Prevention Information Scale was 14.84±7.90 (min:0, max:35). As a result of this research, it was determined that women's knowledge of protection from gynecological cancers was close to the middle level. This situation was affected by variables such as age, education level, employment status, income level, alcohol use, age of first pregnancy, age of first sexual intercourse, thinking that female cancer is preventable, having regular gynecological examinations, and knowing about cancer screenings.
 Conclusion: Women's knowledge of prevention from gynecological cancer was not at the expected level. It is essential to emphasize the importance of cancer prevention and early diagnosis in order to reduce cancer-related death rates in the society.

Prevalence and factors associated with unsafe abortion among females below 25 years in Fort Portal regional referral hospital, Fort Portal City, Western Uganda

Unsafe abortion is defined by the World Health Organization as a method of terminating an unplanned pregnancy that is either performed by someone who doesn't have the necessary skills or in a setting that does not meet the bare minimum of medical requirements, or both. While the concept appears to be related to the procedure, the criteria of an unsafe abortion refer to unsuitable conditions that may exist prior to, during, or following an abortion. An unsafe abortion often has the following characteristics, however occasionally only a few or even all of them apply: Abortion is self-induced by ingesting traditional medications or dangerous substances, abortion is provoked by insertion of an object into the uterus by the woman herself or by a traditional practitioner, or by a violent abdominal massage, abortion is induced by an unskilled provider, frequently in unhygienic conditions, or by a health practitioner outside official/adequate health facilities, no pre-abortion counseling and advice, the wrong drug is provided for a medical abortion, or a pharmacist gives out the wrong medication with no instructions and no follow-up. A cross-sectional study design was deployed to generate the data for this study. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were utilized and the study population was women aged below 25years attending post abortion care services in Fort portal Regional Referral Hospital. According to this study, the prevalence of Unsafe Abortion was 15.7% and the socio demographic factors that was commonly associated with unsafe abortions were; age 17-20 years (52.0%), single marital status (55.2%), unemployment (58.6%), No formal education (53.6%), Residing in the rural area (55.2%), age of first sexual intercourse at 17-20 years (48.5%), Having at least one child (61.2%) and having a monthly income lesser than 100,000/=(56.7%). Unsafe abortion continues to be a major public health problem. The risk factors associated with unsafe abortion were; age, marital status, unemployment, Level of education, Place of residence, age of first sexual intercourse, Number of children and financial status. The recommendation of this study is to encourage the people who provide information about Unsafe abortion to package a right full information to the young women. And to add on these young women should obtain extensive knowledge about contraception methods and safe methods of abortion. Parents are recommended to practice family planning methods as it would increase the care of parents to their girl child and this will decrease on the number of unwanted pregnancies thus prevention of un safe abortion. Keywords: Unsafe abortion, WHO and pregnancy.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Pertama Kali Melakukan Hubungan Seksual pada Remaja Putri di Sumatera Utara

Based on a survey by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2012, 48 out of 1,000 pregnancies occurred in adolescents aged 15-19 years. The occurrence of pregnancy at a young age & sexually transmitted diseases are the impact of having sex before marriage in adolescents. This study aims to determine the relationship between several factors with the practice of having sex for the first time and the age at first having sexual intercourse in young women in North Sumatra. The type of research used is explanatory research with a cross sectional study design. Research sampling is based on the research population, which means that all populations are samples. The sample obtained is 643 young women aged 15-24 years. The data used in this study is secondary data from the 2017 IDHS. This study found that the majority of young women aged 15-24 years in North Sumatra had never had sex, and for young women who had had sexual intercourse, it was found more in the age group ≤20 years than in the > 20 year age group. Factors that are not related to the practice of having sexual relations with young women for the first time in North Sumatra are education level (p-value = 0.089), economic status (p-value = 0.096), employment status (p-value = 0.138), and number of accesses. mass media (p-value = 0.102) and the intensity of mass media (p-value = 0.091). Factors related to the age of first sexual intercourse among young women in North Sumatra were education level (p-value=0.000) and economic status (p-value=0.007). The conclusion of this study is that most of the young women aged 15-24 years in North Sumatra have never had sex, but for the young women who have had sexual intercourse, it is found more in the age group ≤ 20 years.

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer Incidence at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the cervical region at the end of the cervix. Based on data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), it is known that the second highest cause of death is cervical cancer, reaching 460,000 cases and 230,000 women deaths. Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection and several factors, namely age, parity, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners history, HPV vaccination history, smoking history, and oral contraceptives history. To determine the risk factors for cervical cancer incidence at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. This was descriptive retrospective study method. With cross sectional research design. The total sample was 68 people with cervical cancer at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. The distribution of age 30-60 years (85.3%), parity >3 (57.4%), and age of first sexual intercourse >17 years (85.3%). There was no history of using oral contraceptives (54.4%), HPV vaccination history (97.1%), and smoking history (98.5%). Having only 1 history of number of sexual partners (89.7%), employment history was not out of town (63.2%), and the most common type of cervical cancer was squamous cell carcinoma (76.5%). The distribution of risk factors for the incidence of Cervical Cancer at Ibnu Sina Hospital was mostly found at the age of 30-60 years, parity> 3, age of first sexual intercourse >17 years, no history of using oral contraceptives, no HPV vaccination history, no smoking history, having 1 history of sexual partners, work history not out of town, and the type of cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.

Start so young? Defense of the primary HPV test as a screening test for cervical cancer in women aged 25 and over in Brazil.

e17531 Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the most frequent type of cancer on woman at reproductive age and on the puerperal pregnancy cycle in Brazil. It is a disease that can be prevented with the resources already available at Brazil’s public healthcare system.The most important risk factor for developing cervical cancer is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). With the covid 19 pandemic, there was an advance in the possibility of carrying out an HPV test by PCR by through the government initiative "uterus is life" and we was asked what age should start the HPV test in the proposed screening organized. Methods: Descriptive, observational, cross sectional study Carried two cancer centers( using an adapted form, between 2020 2021 Sociodemographic data, cancer characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and evaluation of secondary data from the ministry of health (DATASUS) This study was approved by the institution’s ethics committee. Recife, Brazil. Results: From 2021 -2022, 240 patients with CC mean age 50,48y (SD ± 13.8; range 24-87), 15, 8 % < 35 y, age of first sexual intercourse: mean age 16,7 (SD ± 3.2, range 11- 30) and 79,6 % < 18y. age of first pregnancy mean 18 (SD ± 6.54; range 12- 36) 77,4 % < 18 y.In the year 2019 of the number of patients undergoing treatment in the Brazilian public system (SUS), by age group, 14.076 patients <35 y (58%). $821,000 was spent in 2019 on anticancer chemotherapy for CC in women < 35 y. Conclusions: With a view to establishing an organized screening policy using the HPV test, considering the window of opportunity to diagnose the non-invasive cervical cancer stage, the onset of sexual activity and the age of first pregnancy among patients with invasive cervical cancer and the representativeness of patients with < 35 years undergoing treatment for advanced CC. The "Utero é Vida" initiative recommended starting the screening of the HPV test from the age of 25 y, in addition to intensifying vaccination coverage against HPV.

Knowledge, Sexual Behaviors on Human Papillomavirus Infections and Associated Factors: Survey Among Female Adolescents and Adults in the Republic of Congo

<i>Background</i>. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is sexually transmitted and responsible for anogenital warts and malignancies but its early diagnosis is hampered by the people’s lack of knowledge about the disease and prevention methods, especially in resource-limited countries. <i>Objective</i>. The study was designed to determine knowledge; attitudes and practices toward HPV infection in an urban women community, and evaluate the factors that are associated with HPV-related disease’s lack of knowledge. <i>Method</i>. Between February 2021 and August 2022, a cross sectional and prospective study was conducted in Pointe-Noire (PNR) and Brazzaville (BZV) region within the Republic of Congo. Anonymous questionnaire was used to explore demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Data analysis were performed using StataSE11 software (version 11 SE). <i>Results</i>. Overall 250 (96.2%) of 260 people surveyed agreed to participate and of these, 70.4% were recruited in Brazzaville and, the mean age was 20.9 (min-max: 15-35) years. A low proportion (21.6%) of women reported knowing what HPV is and of these, only 40.7% had adequate knowledge of HPV. 17.2% reported a knowledge of cervical cancer, 12.0% an adequate preventive measures and all of them were adults. The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 16.8 (IQ_25-75%: 16-18) years and statistically earlier in the adolescents (p=0.0001). The mean number of sexual partners was 2.6 (IQ_25-75%: 1-3). 56.8% of participants use condoms regularly and 10.4% occasionally and, less than one-third used oral contraception. Only 3 participants received HPV vaccine. HPV infection were found in 38.0% of participants, and significantly lower among adults than adolescents (10% <i>vs</i> 45.7%; OR=5.43, 95%CI: 1.97-14.97, p=0.001) and, than young adults (42.9%; OR=1.04, 95%CI: 3.24-33.06, p<0.0001). Participants with more than two sexual partners are twice for acquiring HPV infection (aOR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.33-4.21, p=0.003). Study area (aOR = 0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), age > 18 years (aOR = 2.54, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and age at first intercourse (17 – 21 years) (aOR = 0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.04) were determinants of HPV knowledge. Study area (aOR = 0.03, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), age > 18 years (aOR = 6.18, <i>p</i> = 0.009), concubinage (aOR = 0.14, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and 3-4 sexual partners (aOR = 5.18, <i>p</i> = 0.004) were determinants of cervical cancer knowledge. <i>Conclusion</i>. These results highlight the important of developing and implementing appropriate outreach strategies to improve patient awareness and knowledge of HPV-related diseases and to promote HPV vaccination uptake targeting adolescents and young adults in the Republic of Congo.

Associations between sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitude and practice of partners and the occurrence of unintended pregnancy.

Although global contraceptive coverage has increased significantly, high rates of unintended pregnancy remain the current global status quo. A comparative analysis of the differences and correlations of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of both partners will help guide public health work according to gender characteristics and needs, and reduce the occurrence of unintended pregnancy. A questionnaire survey of people with unintended pregnancies including women and their male partners (n = 1,275 pairs) who sought help from the Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2017 to October 2021. Data were collected on sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices in both partners who had unintended pregnancies. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of unintended pregnancy and KAP and its influencing factors. Paired odds ratio and McNemar's test were used to estimate the difference and concordance of KAP between partners. This study included 1,275 partners with a mean age of 30.0 years. The partner's overall level of KAP is good. Compared with women, men had better knowledge (χ2 = 3.93, p = 0.047) and more active contraceptive practices (χ2 = 19.44, p < 0.001). In the analysis of partner concordance, male contraceptive intention was found to be better than female [matched pairs odds ratio (ORMP) = 2.56, p < 0.001], and the concordance of positive contraceptive practice between partners increased with male education [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.556, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.185-2.044, p = 0.001]. In partner-paired regression analysis, compared with good contraceptive knowledge in both men and women in the partner, the risk of negative contraceptive practice was 1.7 times (aOR = 1.721, 95% CI = 1.234-2.400, p = 0.001) higher with good contraceptive knowledge in women but negative in men, while women with poor contraceptive knowledge but men with good knowledge are 1.3 times (aOR = 1.349, 95% CI = 1.000-1.819, p = 0.05) more likely to have negative contraceptive practices. In addition, compared with partners with positive contraceptive attitudes, women with positive attitudes but negative men and women with negative attitudes but positive men had 1.7 and 1.4 times the risk of negative contraceptive practices, respectively. The study found that unintended pregnancy occurs mainly in young people, and the younger age of first sexual intercourse, the low education background and the lack of discussion of contraception between partners are risk factors for not taking contraceptive measures. Men's better knowledge and contraceptive practices compared with female partners, and poor male contraceptive knowledge and attitudes may lead to a higher risk of negative contraceptive practices, the results suggest that male KAP plays an important role in promoting contraceptive use and reducing unintended pregnancy.

Consistency Test of Factors in the Development of 49 Cases of Cervical Cancer Patients in Ningbo Women's and Children's Hospital

Objective to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of cervical cancer through the analysis of the consistency test of the factors for the development of 49 cases of cervical cancer patients. Methods Forty-nine patients with first diagnosis of cervical cancer and 49 healthy adult women from 2018 to 2022 at Ningbo Women's and Children's Hospital Hospital were randomly selected, and age, education level, smoking history, history of gynecological diseases, number of pregnancies, age of first delivery, family genetic history of diseases, vaccination history, menstrual history, age of first sexual intercourse, and number of sexual partners were counted, and the data were analyzed by SPSS Consistency test. Results Age, education level, and history of gynecological diseases had a consistent effect on prevalence (kappa=0.03, kappa=0.02, kappa=0.005) .There was no consistent effect of smoking history, number of pregnancies, age at first delivery, family history of disease, vaccination history, menstrual history, age at first sexual intercourse, or number of sexual partners on prevalence(kappa=-0.2, kappa=-0.076, kappa=-0.221, kappa=-0.282, kappa=-0.238, kappa=-0.141, kappa=-0.127, kappa=-0.193). Conclusion Age ≥45 years, low education level, and history of gynecological diseases are high-risk factors for the development of cervical cancer and should be taken seriously to raise awareness of personal hygiene and to achieve early screening and prevention.

Sexual experiences of infertile women: A qualitative study.

It is suggested that stress related to infertility causes marriage conflicts and decreases in the frequency of sexual intercourse. This study aimed to explore the experiences of the sexuality of infertile women. A phenomenological design was used in this study. We conducted face-to-face, semistructured, in-depth interviews with 11 infertile women. The interviews were audio-recorded, and a thematic approach was used to assess the data. The average age of the women was 33.05 ± 3.40 years, and their age of first sexual intercourse was 23.0 ± 2.8 years and all of them are legally married. The durations of experiencing the problem of infertility were as follows; 3-5 years in 33%, 6-10 years in 27%, and 11 years and above in 38%. According to interpretative phenomenological analysis, two main themes emerge. Two main themes were determined: Perception of Sexuality and Sexual Problems. The results show that infertile women have a higher risk for sexual dysfunction than fertile women. These findings suggest that the diagnosis of infertility is an important factor in assessing the differences in the sexual satisfaction of women. In infertility counseling, health professionals must explain the gender differences. Also, infertile couples must encourage to share each other's feelings and this may help couples to cope with the communication problems they may experience.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening and its associated risk factors among family planning service users at Debre Tabor town health facilities, North Central Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

The fourth most common cancer in women worldwide is cervical cancer. Over 87% of deaths from cervical cancer occur in developing nations. One of the risks of developing cervical cancer is the use of oral contraceptives. However, there is limited evidence on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening among family planning service users in Ethiopia. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among family planning service users. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 28, 2023. A total of 816 participants were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EPI Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. An odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Overall, 42.5%, 36.6%, and 20.1% of the participants had good knowledge, a positive attitude, and practiced cervical cancer screening, respectively. Being single (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.39, 95% confidence intervals: 1.15-6.26), having college or university level of education (AOR = 8.03, 95% confidence intervals: 3.45-19.23), having a family history of cervical cancer (AOR = 3.14, 95% confidence intervals: 1.82-8.84), and having a source of information from the media (AOR = 1.74, 95% confidence intervals: 1.09-2.54) were significantly associated with good knowledge of cervical cancer screening. Women who were aged 15-23 years (AOR = 5.62, 95% confidence intervals: 2.76-14.56), had college- or university-level education (AOR = 3.69, 95% confidence intervals: 1.65-8.22), and had good knowledge of cervical cancer (AOR = 4.71, 95% confidence intervals: 3.08-7.55) were significantly associated with a positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening. An earlier age of first sexual intercourse (AOR = 5.0, 95% confidence intervals: 3.80-9.20) and good knowledge of cervical cancer (AOR = 1.52, 1.21-5.82) were positively associated with good practice of cervical cancer screening. Women who attended high school were negatively associated with good practice in cervical cancer screening (AOR = 0.46, 0.23-0.73). Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cervical cancer screening were low. As a result, during patient visits for care delivery, healthcare providers should inform and educate patients about cervical cancer screening.

Determination of Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Cervical Cancer in Mirpur, AJK

Background: Cervical cancer is an important public health issue. Numerous factors are associated with the development of cervical cancer. Aim: To understand various contributory and risk factors associated with the development of cervical cancer in our area. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Duration and place of study: Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur AJK from October 2021 to March 2022. Methods: Volunteering women were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. The proforma included demographic and epidemiological information as well as about the various risk factors which were associated with the development of cervical carcinoma. A detailed medical history was taken and special emphasis was placed on the gynecological history including obstetrical and menstrual history as well as sexual and reproductive history together with contraception usage. Results: There were 753 study participants and their mean age was 56.80±10.51years. The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 17±2.80 years and the average number of pregnancies was two. About 14.61% of our study population was smoker. Hormonal contraception was practiced by 64.01% while 11.29% preferred intra-uterine contraceptive device as a mode of contraception. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases was 10.49% and out of these diseases, condylomatosis accounted for 05.84% of cases while syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus were responsible for 04.78% of cases collectively. Conclusion: There are various risk factors associated with the development of cervical cancer. Most important of them are younger age at marriage or sexual activity, use and duration of contraception usage and smoking. There is a need to arrange awareness campaigns among masses to raise awareness about the risk factors and also about the benefits of early screening so as to prevent the development of cervical cancer. Keywords: Human Papilloma Virus, Risk Factors, Cervical Cancer, Women, Contraception, Screening

Cervical cancer risk factors in eight west African countries: cross-sectional analysis of the demographic and health survey 2017–20

BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. We aimed to assess the burden of cervical cancer risk factors among women in eight west African countries. MethodsCross-sectional data from nationally representative samples of eight west African countries (Benin, Cameroon, Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone) as part of the demographic and health survey 2017–2020 were used. The interviewer-assisted survey assessed eight cervical cancer risk factors (smoking, early coitus, body-mass index, parity, early pregnancy, length of hormonal contraceptive use, multiple sexual partners, and sexually-transmitted infections). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression. The Demographic and Health Service programme has ethical review documentation on the privacy and confidentiality of the respondents. We received authorisation to use the data from the Demographic and Health Service repository. FindingsA total of 128 173 women aged 15–49 years participated. Liberia had the highest number of risk factors (mean 3·05; SD 1·19), and Benin had the lowest (mean 2·20; SD 1·14). The mean age of first sexual intercourse was highest in Gambia at 18·15 years (95% CI 17·98–18·32) and lowest in Liberia at 15·72 years (15·62–15·81). Similarly, the highest mean age of first birth was 19·83 years (19·66–20·00) in Gambia, and the lowest is in Liberia at 18·69 years (18·54–18·83). Aside from Mali (45·9%), more than 50·0% of the women had at least two children. Age of first sexual intercourse, age of first birth, and parity were the most frequent risk factors across all the countries. Different age groups were significantly associated with the number of risk factors. Liberian women aged 30–34 years had the highest IRR of 30% (1·18–1·42; p<0·001) among all the countries. Women with the highest education level in Gambia and Nigeria had reduced risk. Limitations of the study included data collection from countries on different years and no human papillomavirus status data collection. InterpretationIdentification of age of first sexual intercourse, age of first birth, and parity as the most frequent risk factors of cervical cancer will support more focused public health interventions (such as human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical screening) in the countries that the data was collected from, as well as globally. FundingFederal Government of Nigeria.

Is there any relationship between premature ejaculation and the age of first sexual intercourse in men?

Is there any relationship between premature ejaculation and the age of first sexual intercourse in men?

Is there any relationship between premature ejaculation and the age of first sexual intercourse in men?

There are few studies on the association between male sexual health and the age at first sexual experience (FSE), and the results are mixed. Furthermore, there is no research regarding premature ejaculation (PE) on this topic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PE and the age at FSE in men. The study consisted of a total of 136 males, including 66 PE patients and 70 control groups. The age, body mass index (BMI), duration of education, marital status, age at circumcision, age of FSE, and estimated intravaginal ejaculation latent time (eIELT) of the individuals were all recorded. All participants completed the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The mean age of the PE and control groups was 38.27 ± 8.47 and 33.66 ± 8.04 years, respectively (p<0.05). The mean BMI values of the groups were comparable (p>0.05). The education duration of the control group was substantially longer than the PE group (p<0.001). The marriage rate was 57/66 (86.36%) in the PE group, while it was 49/70 (70%) in the control group (p<0.05). The mean eIELT for the PE and control groups was 64.89 ± 41.91sec and 608.64 ± 369.04 sec, respectively (p<0.001). The PE group had significantly higher PEDT, BDI, and BAI scores than the control group (p<0.001; p<0.01; p<0.01, respectively). In terms of circumcision age and age of FSE, there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). According to our findings, there was no link between PE and the age of FSE. Future large-scale studies on the subject could provide more exact and reliable knowledge. All authors declare no conflict of interest.

Prevalence of anal dysplasia and HPV genotypes in gynecology patients: The ANGY cross-sectional prospective clinical study protocol.

BackgroundHuman Papillomaviruses (HPV) are highly prevalent in the sexually active populations, with a significant burden in terms of health and psychological cost in all class ages. High-risk (HR) HPV genotypes are associated with anogenital dysplasia and cancers, and anal HPV-induced cancer is increasingly observed in women. The interactions of HPV genotype’s between the anus and the cervix, and the subsequent occurrence of dysplasia remains unclear. This clinical study set out to test the hypothesis that risk factors for anal HR-HPV and dysplasia may differ in women with or without cervical dysplasia or in HIV-positive women.MethodsCervical and anal HPV genotypes and cytology testing will be performed prospectively in a cohort of women recruited in a tertiary university hospital in Switzerland. Women will be allocated to three groups: 1) normal previous cervical smear; 2) high-grade cervical dysplasia (H-SIL) at previous cervical smear; 3) HIV+, independently of previous cervical smear result. General inclusion criteria comprised the followings: Female—Age > = 18 years; Satisfactory understanding of French; No objection to HIV testing. Specific inclusion criteria are: Group 1, no past or current gynecological dysplasia and HIV negative; Group 2, Gynecological dysplasia (H-SIL) or carcinoma in situ demonstrated by histology (vulvar, vaginal or cervical) and HIV negative; Group 3: HIV-positive (regardless of viremia or CD4 count) with or without gynecological dysplasia. General exclusion criteria are: Pregnancy; History of anal dysplasia/cancer; Status after pelvic radiotherapy; Absence of anus and anal canal. Estimated prevalences of anal dysplasia are: in group 1, 1% (0–2%); in group 2, 15% (5–27%), and in group 3, 30% (19–45%). With a 10% margin error, a sample size of 120 women per group is required to reach 90% power for detecting statistical significance (unilateral α error of 5%).DiscussionThe primary endpoint is the prevalence of anal and cervical dysplasia, and description of the respective HPV genotypes in each group. The results of this study could improve the standard of screening of cervical and anal dysplasia in women through evidence of concomitant presence of HPV’s and/or dysplasia in anus or cervix to support vaccination for instance. Beginning of recruitment started in September 2016. Results should be presented in end of 2022. Preliminary analysis for first 100 patients reveals that the mean age of the population is 39.6 (± 10.9) years with mean age of first sexual intercourse of 18.5 (± 3.9) years. In this cohort, 12% are vaccinated and 38% having had anal intercourse. Overall, 43% of the studied population had cervical HR-HPV in the studied population, and 53% had normal cytology. Anal LR HPV and HR HP were found in 27.6% and 38.4% of all patients respectively. Eighty percent had normal anal cytology. Groups 1,2 and 3 had a significant difference in terms of age, gestity, parity, age of first sexual intercourse, systematic use of condom, number of cervical LR HPV and HR HPV and abnormal cervical cytologies.Trial registrationThe study was approved by the institutional review board—CER-VD#2015–00200—on the 29th of June 2016 and is registered on the Swiss National Clinical Trials Portal (SNCTP), SNCTP000002567, Registered 29 June 2016, https://www.kofam.ch/en/snctp-portal/study/40742/

Assesment Of Hpv Dna Positive İndividuals İn Sivas Province İn Terms Of Some Variables

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and causes death. Revealing the distribution of HPV prevalence and types in cervical cancer remains important for both treatment and vaccination strategies. The goal of this study is to determine the HPV DNA subtypes of women who are positive for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) screening, and to evaluate their sociodemographic characteristics and cervical smear results. &#x0D; Methods: The study was conducted on 215 women who were directed to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Obstetry and Gynocology outpatient clinic by her gynocologists or family physicians between 2015-2018 years. A questionnary containing datas of patients about age, education levels and jobs of both spouses, smoking status, obstetric history and age of first sexual intercourse was filled out by the researcher. The data were analysed with SPSS (vers 23.0) program and significance level was taken as 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The most prevalent HPV types were type 16 and category of the others; with the rates of respectively 47% (n: 101), 40% (n: 86). The frequencies of ASCUS (undetermined atypical squamous epithelial cells), LGSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and HGSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) were respectively found to be 7.9% (n: 17), 23.7% (n: 51) and 1.9% (n: 4). The relationship between HPV types and Pap Smear results was statistically significant (p: 0.011). There was no difference between patients and their spouses about education levels and occupations; and among patients on smoking status, menstrual patterns, age at first sexual intercourse and family planning methods and HPV types (p&gt; 0.05). In women above aged 55, only two types of HPV DNA were observed; which were type 16 and category of the others (p: 0.005). The relationship between abortion history and HPV types was found out to be significant (p: 0.016). &#x0D; Conclusion: This study has contributed to the literature by revealing the types of HPV which observed in Sivas province over a period of 3 years.