Age Limit Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Legislation on Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy: Italy's position relate to international panorama.

The voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP) remains one of the most contentious issues worldwide, subject to different legal frameworks and cultural interpretations. Access to VIP is considered a fundamental right for women, recognized by international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and supported by the United Nations. It is estimated that 40-50 million abortions are performed each year, of which about 75% are in developing countries. IVG is legal in only 25 countries, while in the others, it is severely restricted or illegal, leading to an increase in risky and illegal practices. We consulted government and ministerial websites in European countries to gather data on current abortion laws. In addition, scientific articles and legislative documents compare regulations across some countries, especially from 2020 to today, analyzing differences, similarities and implications. Percentage data on the number of abortions in several European countries, including Italy, were analyzed. Our analysis revealed significant differences in abortion laws between European countries. In many countries, abortion is allowed at the request of the woman within a certain gestational age limit, which typically ranges between 10 and 24 weeks. However, in some countries, the restrictions are much stricter, with limitations making access to legal abortion very difficult or impossible. In conclu-sion, the Italian experience highlights the importance of considering local sociocultural dynamics in shaping IVG policies and highlights the need for an evidence-based approach to guarantee women right to reproductive health internationally, surrounding reproductive rights, gender equality, and public health policy.

Incidence-Based Breast Cancer Mortality Trends in Estonia Before and After the Introduction of Organized Mammography Screening: A Register-Based Study.

Despite the relatively low breast cancer incidence in Estonia, mortality remains high, and participation in mammography screening is below the recommended 70%. The objective of this register-based study was to evaluate incidence-based (IB) breast cancer mortality before and after the introduction of organized mammography screening in 2004. Breast cancer deaths individually linked to breast cancer diagnosis were obtained from the Estonian Cancer Registry and used for calculating IB mortality. We compared age-specific IB mortality rates across 5-year birth cohorts and 5-year periods. Poisson regression was used to compare IB mortality for one age group invited to screening (50-63) and three age groups not invited to screening (30-49, 65-69, and 70+) during two periods before and after screening initiation (1993-2003 and 2004-2014). Joinpoint regression was used for age-standardized incidence and IB mortality trends. Age-standardized IB mortality has been decreasing since 1997. Age-specific IB mortality for birth cohorts never exposed to screening showed a continuous increase with age, while in cohorts exposed to organized screening the mortality curve flattened or declined after the age of first invitation. Significant decreases in mortality from 1993-2003 to 2004-2014 were seen in the 30-49 (age-adjusted rate ratio 0.51, 95% CI 90.42-0.63) and 50-63 (0.65, 95% CI 0.56-0.74) age groups, while no decline was seen in the 65-69 and 70+ age groups. The age specific IB mortality curves in birth cohorts exposed to screening and the significant mortality decline in the target age group after the initiation of the organized program suggest a beneficial effect of screening. Improved treatment without screening has not reduced mortality in older age groups. Our results support raising the upper screening age limit to 74 years.

Understanding medication abortion ineligibility due to gestational age among a cohort of patients in Southern California

ObjectiveMedication abortion (MAB) is safe and effective up to 77 days gestation. Limited data are available on how often patients are ineligible for MAB due to advanced gestational age and how many of those ineligible go on to receive procedural abortion. Study designRetrospective analysis of electronic health records from Planned Parenthood of the Pacific Southwest (PPPSW) from January – December 2021. PPPSW has four procedural abortion sites and 15 MAB-only clinics that offered appointments only if last menstrual period-based GA was ≤70 days or unknown. Patients >70 days gestation by intake ultrasound at a MAB-only clinic were referred to a procedural center. ResultsOf 11,684 patients presenting for MAB at MAB-only sites 2224 (19%) did not receive a MAB; 3.8% (N = 444) presented past 70 days gestation and were thus ineligible due to gestational age limits. Of those ineligible (N = 444), 234 (53%) measured between 71–77 days of gestation. Three quarters (75.7%) of those ineligible went on to receive a procedural abortion at PPPSW after a mean wait time of 10 days. In multivariable analysis, no demographic factors were associated with higher odds of receiving a procedural abortion. ConclusionsPresenting for MAB past a gestational age limit was uncommon, supporting safety of no-test MAB protocols. A quarter of people ineligible for MAB due to gestational age did not receive a procedural abortion at PPPSW. If MAB were offered up to 77 days, half of patients who were denied MAB due to gestational age could have received MAB, expanding patient access. ImplicationsBeing ineligible for MAB due to advanced gestational age was uncommon. Increasing MAB gestational age limits from 70 days to 77 days could further improve abortion access.

디지털 시대 프라이버시권의 주요 쟁점에 대한 고찰

This study aims to identify the development of international norms on the right to privacy in the digital age and analyze its main issues. Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), a human rights convention established in 1966, proves insufficient in anticipating the recent transformations and complexities brought about by the digital age. General Comment No. 16, the interpretive document of this treaty, was adopted in 1988 and could not foresee the technological advancements of today. However, the Snowden revelations in 2013 and the Facebook scandal in 2018 revealed that personal data was collected without consent and used for political campaigning. Since 2013, the international community and the United Nations have been discussing and adopting various resolutions on the right to privacy. In addition, various new legal issues are emerging, such as: does “home” in Article 17 of the ICCPR include cyberspace? Does “correspondence” in this article include social media messages and metadata? This study aims to scrutinize the existing normative framework of the right to privacy, highlighting its limitations in the digital age. Specifically, it will question the adequacy of the privacy provisions in Article 17 of the ICCPR in addressing the myriad issues arising in this era. However, it is time to consider the extent to which the private sphere can be recognized in the digital age.

Exploring the potential of rock surface luminescence from glacial sediments: dating and transport history

The dating of moraine deposits can present challenges to standard geochronological methods; terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN), sediment luminescence and radiocarbon dating may suffer from problems of incomplete resetting (by inheritance, intermittent cover/exposure, transport under unfavourable conditions) and/or a lack of suitable (organic) material. Rock surface luminescence burial dating (RSLBD) offers an alternative approach with considerable potential in dating moraines. In RSLBD, large cobbles/boulders are targeted, rather than smaller grains usually used in luminescence dating. The age limit of RSLBD is much higher than that of radiocarbon dating, and rocks are much more readily available than organic material. In contrast to TCN dating, the effect of exposure prior to deposition can be measured. In this study, we sampled a broad selection of primarily granitic boulders of various sizes and shapes (e.g. different degrees of roundness and sphericity) from the Vimmerby Moraine, a prominent and accessible feature in southern Sweden dated using TCN to 14.4±0.9 ka. Our study was designed to test whether morphological characteristics can be used to discriminate in favour of the most light‐exposed boulders and minimize measurements of non‐exposed boulders. As expected, not all RSLBD ages can be attributed to the same depositional event, but the majority of the resulting ages provide a mean age of 13.0±1.5 ka, consistent with the cosmogenic nuclide dating of the Vimmerby Moraine. Despite the apparently successful TCN study, the luminescence–depth profiles measured in the buried surfaces of the sampled clasts indicate that >50% of these moraine boulders were exposed to light (and cosmic radiation) before final deposition, implying some (presumably small) TCN inheritance; seven of the 16 boulders identified as light exposed were sufficiently bleached to be useful for RSLBD. These results and their implications in regard to transport and deposition of the sampled cobbles are critically discussed and evaluated.

PREVENTION OF MINOR MARRIAGE THROUGH STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF PARENTS

Preventing child marriage is a global issue that requires serious attention from various parties, including parents, as the main agents of change in the family environment. This research aims to discuss the important role of parents in preventing underage marriage and how strengthening their role can be the key to overcoming this problem. Several sub-districts in Sragen Regency, Indonesia, still have quite high numbers regarding the number of marriages of underage children. The marriage of underage children is a social and legal problem that has a negative impact on the lives of children who marry. Changes in regulations regarding the age limit for couples who want to get married, which are contained in Law Number 16 of 2019, are apparently unable to slow down the rate of marriage of underage children. Apart from that, it was found that strengthening the family economy can also play an important role in preventing the marriage of underage children. By increasing parents' access to jobs and economic resources, they can provide a more stable and supportive environment for their children. By increasing the role or obligations of parents towards children, it is hoped that they will be able to prevent child marriage.

Penghapusan Batas Usia Perkawinan Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

This research discusses the analysis of the elimination of the age limit for marriage in Indonesia from a human rights perspective. The main problem in this research is the rise of early marriage which is marked by the increasing demand for marriage dispensations as well as the disapproval of several community groups towards limiting the age of marriage because it is considered to be contrary to the theological and cultural aspects of Indonesian society. The aim of this research is to gain a deeper understanding regarding the elimination of the age limit for marriage in Indonesia from a human rights perspective for the common good. This type of research is library research and a normative legal research approach which focuses on the use of secondary data sources such as the Koran, hadith, books, journals, statutory regulations, court decisions, and so on. The results of this research indicate that the marriage age limit regulations in Indonesia are not in line with human rights values because they marginalize citizens' rights to carry out the religious teachings they believe in in determining their lives. The implementation of the marriage age limit regulations also creates problems in the juridical, sociological (cultural) and theological aspects in Indonesia.

PELAKSANAAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 16 TAHUN 2019 DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (KUA) KECAMATAN NOGOSARI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

This study aims to find out how the implementation of Law no. 16 of 2019 Article 7 at the Nogosari KUA, supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of Law Number 16 of 2019 Article 7 at the Religious Affairs Office of Nogosari District.The approach taken in this study is a qualitative approach, a type of normative empirical research or field research. This means that the data comes from interviews, observations, personal documents and other official documents. Data analysis technique used is data collection is data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Data validity assurance techniques are carried out by checking trust, transferability and dependency checks. The results of this study found that the application of the age limit for marriage according to Law no. 16 of 2019 at the KUA in Nogosari District, it has been effective with a decrease in the number of early marriages every year. In its application there are inhibiting factors, namely: 1) level of education; 2) lack of legal awareness; 3) uncontrolled association; and 4) the decision on the PA's marriage dispensation. The supporting factors are: 1) the level of community education; 2) socialization; 3) public awareness

Implementation of the Marriage Dispensation: Exploring the Legal and Social Complexities in Preventing Early Marriage

The Marriage Law has undergone changes as Law No. 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, where previously the minimum age limit for being permitted to enter into marriage was 19 (nineteen) years for men and 16 (sixteen) years for women, now it is 19 (nineteen) years for both men and women . Based on this description, the purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of the granting of a marriage dispensation by the Madiun City Religious Court in reducing underage marriages, after the amendment to the marriage law. This study explores aspects of the implementation of the marriage dispensation as well as the constraints that exist in its application. This research method uses empirical juridical, with a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the procedure for granting dispensation for marriage at the Madiun City Religious Court is that not everything can be done. There were several applications for dispensation that were actually rejected. The refusal is certainly an attempt to reduce child marriage underage. For example, there are reasons for children who are forced to marry or children who still want to continue their education. The obstacle that occurs in this implementation is that there are parents who are forced to continue their child's marriage. Legal protection for children with this has not been realized properly, given the interests of children who must be sacrificed.

The Concept of Gender-Based Justice in Arfak Sougb Indigenous Community in Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua, Indonesia

This paper explains the concept of gender-based justice in the Arfak Sougb Indigenous Community in Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua. This legal research aims to serve as recorded customary law and as a reference for customary law which contains local wisdom values that are believed to be true and adhered to by the Arfak Sougb Tribe so that they are not lost to time. This research is not intended to make customary law a written law, in the sense that it is given a certain legal form according to statutory regulations. This type of research is empirical legal research. The concept of gender-based justice is outlined in the form of equality in customary meetings, utilization of customary rights (cinogog), measurement of the maturity of boys (giji) and girls (gita/godeh) which are not based on a certain age limit, but are characterized by characteristics of biological development. The woman or lady (aktop) chosen as a potential wife/daughter-in-law has a diligent character, not from beauty or physical appearance. Boys (giji) and girls (gita/godeh) are considered equally important. Girls (gita/godeh) will bring wealth in the form of a dowry (aromoub) when they marry (ouhwbo), while boys (giji) will continue their lineage, as successors to the clan.

The Controversy on the Minimum Age for Marriage in Indonesia: Factors and Implications

In 2019, Indonesia redefined the minimum age limit for marriage with the aim of achieving gender equality and reducing child marriage rates. Unfortunately, this legal reform did not entirely succeed and, instead, created a paradox within Indonesian society. This study aims to investigate the controversy surrounding the minimum age for marriage as stipulated in Indonesian Marriage Laws. The paper employs a socio-legal approach, collecting data through legal material investigation and interviews. The research indicates that the reformation attempt brings about at least three undesired implications: an increase in the number of marriage dispensations, child marriages, and pre-marital pregnancies. These paradoxes appear to be influenced by several factors: (1) the public's minimal awareness of the current marriage law, (2) the lack of socialization from government bodies, and (3) regulatory inconsistency itself. Theoretically, instead of resolving issues within society, it turns out that the legal changes initiated by the state do not significantly trigger changes within society.

Legal age limits in accessing donor information: experiences of donor-conceived people, parents, sperm donors and counsellors

Research questionWhat are the lived experiences of donor-conceived people, parents, sperm donors and counsellors related to legal age limits on accessing donor information in the Netherlands? DesignA phenomenological study was carried out that included 20 donor-conceived individuals, 15 parents, 6 sperm donors and 5 counsellors. Data were collected through online qualitative in-depth interviews and focus groups. The data were analysed using Dahlberg's Reflective Lifeworld Approach. ResultsThe results show how: (i) age limits create challenges related to dependency, autonomy and loyalty to parents; (ii) donor information can be important for identity development, which looks different at different ages; (iii) inaccessible information can lead to unfair loss and may be perceived as negative; (iv) relational stability provides a good foundation for dealing with the (in)accessibility of donor information; (v) procedural barriers and age limits increase the inaccessibility of donor information; and (vi) comprehensive counselling is desired for donor-conceived individuals, parents and donors. ConclusionsThis study shows that legal age limits on accessing donor information can lead to several negative consequences. The age limits focus on one individual, which is not appropriate for questions about ancestry that always pertain to a relational network. Counselling should be tailored to the child's needs, and the child's family should be involved. Furthermore, the donor should receive independent counselling.

DOP17 Tofacitinib versus Vedolizumab Among Bio-naïve Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Real-World Propensity-Weighted Comparison

Abstract Background Over the last decade, treatment options for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) have expanded. However, comparative studies between these agents are limited, especially among biologic naïve patients. There are sparse data comparing biologics with small molecules for IBD. We aimed to compare the efficacy, safety and persistence of tofacitinib and vedolizumab as the first advanced treatment for patients with UC. Methods Patients who received tofacitinib or vedolizumab as first advanced therapy for UC in NHS Lothian were included. We capped the upper age limit at 65 years to take into account regulatory guidelines for the use of JAKi as first line therapies across IMIDs. To allow treatment effect to be assessed outside of a randomized trial, we used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). This approach takes the probability of treatment assignment into account without potentially drastically reducing the analysable cohort size. The probability of treatment assignment was calculated via logistic regression using age, gender, IBD duration, Montreal extent, CRP, concomitant corticosteroids and partial Mayo score at drug commencement. Missing data for these variables were imputed using multivariate imputation by chained equations. Confounder-adjusted survival curves were created using Kaplan-Meier estimates weighted via IPTW. The Pepe and Fleming test was used to compare survival curves from drug commencement to day 1000 of treatment. Results We included 158 patients of whom 81 (51.2%) received vedolizumab and 77 (48.7%) tofacitinib. Median follow-up for patients on vedolizumab was 3.1 (1.6-4.8) years and for tofacitinib 1.5 (0.34-2.3) years. Baseline demographics were comparable except for disease extent (Table 1). At drug commencement there were no differences in steroid prescription (60.5% vedolizumab versus 57.1% tofacitinib), partial Mayo score, CRP or faecal calprotectin. At week 12, steroid free clinical remission was more frequent in the vedolizumab group (69% vs 51.4%, p=0.030) Figure 1B. Vedolizumab persistence was superior to tofacitinib (p=0.005) Figure 1A. Primary non-response and secondary loss of response were 9.9% and 17.3% for vedolizumab and 23.4% and 13% for tofacitinib respectively. There were no differences in the frequency of adverse events (11 [13.6%] vedolizumab vs 19 [24.7%] tofacitinib, p=0.629). However, adverse events resulting in temporary discontinuation of the drug occurred in 1 (1.2%) vedolizumab versus 11 (14.3%) tofacitinib, p=0.013. Conclusion We found that the persistence and tolerability of vedolizumab was superior to tofacitinib in bionaive UC, although the rates of clinical and biomarker remission were comparable. These data may help inform positioning of advanced therapy in UC.

Retrospective Investigation of Human Papillomavirus Cervical Infection and Lymphoma Incidence: A Clinical and Pathological Evaluation

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence is considered the main risk factor for neoplastic progression, and evidence suggests that regulatory T cells play an important role in the failure of viral elimination. Regulatory T cells may be involved in maintaining a microenvironment favourable for viral persistence and neoplasticity, through a deregulation of the local immune response. The association between altered immune function and the development of chronic infections, cancer (solid and haematological), and autoimmune diseases is documented in the literature. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the possible correlation between HPV cervical infection and lymphoma incidence in women attending colposcopy due to an abnormal Pap smear during a period of 15 years. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants: We investigated retrospectively the incidence of haematological diseases in women aged 21–84 with an abnormal Pap smear who referred to our centre between 2004 and 2019. Setting: This study was conducted at the university hospital. Methods: In our analysis, we included women with diagnoses of HL and NHL after the detection of abnormal Pap smears and HPV infections. We excluded patients with a diagnosis of lymphoma preceding the date of the abnormal Pap smear and HPV test. Results: We divided the patients into two groups in order to analyse the standard incidence ratio (SIR): HL patients (19/7,064, 0.26%) and NHL patients (22/7,064, 0.31%). In our sample, we reported a significant risk of developing lymphoma compared to the general population, both for HL and NHL disease, at age <45 years. Regarding HL, the SIR of disease in women <45 years was 4.886 (95% CI 2.775–9.6029) and in women between 45 and 59 years was 2.612 (95% CI 0.96–7.108804). On the other hand, for NHL in women <45 years, we reported an SIR of about 3.007 (95%, CI 1.273–7.101575), in women aged 45–59 years, the SIR was 4.291 (95% CI 2.444–7.534399), and in women aged 60–74 years, the SIR was 3.283 (95% CI 1.054–10.22303). Limitations: This retrospective analysis was conducted in a single centre in Northern Italy and did not consider all interregional differences existing in the country in terms of HPV genotypes, ethnicity, and population characteristics. Regarding the analysis of SIR for HL and NHL, we did not divide the disease into subtypes because of the small sample of cases. Finally, we considered in our analysis only women with an abnormal Pap smear and not the general population. Conclusions: Women with chronic and persistent HPV infections may have a higher relative risk of developing lymphoma. This possible association may be caused by the deregulation of the immune system response against HPV and the failure of viral clearance, especially in younger women.

Research on the Survival of Chinese Beauty Anchors

The beauty anchor industry, often perceived as a gateway to fame and fortune, reveals a complex reality upon closer examination. This study employs intersectionality theory to delve into the challenges faced by both top and bottom-level beauty anchors through in-depth interviews with industry professionals. The findings unveil a landscape marked by existential angst due to age limitations, income inequality, and gender-biased harassment. Contrary to the popular notion that success in the anchor industry is easily attainable, the study paints a nuanced picture of uncertainties and hardships faced by individuals across different echelons, emphasizing the intersectionality of age, wealth, gender issues, and the identity of beauty anchors. Whether basking in the limelight or struggling for recognition, beauty anchors share a common thread of concern for their survival. The prevalent rumor that entering the anchor industry guarantees prosperity overlooks systemic issues and individual struggles, emphasizing the need for a more realistic understanding of this profession. Acknowledging these challenges is crucial for fostering industry-wide reforms and supportive policies to ensure the well-being and sustainability of beauty anchors. This study calls for a shift in societal perceptions and a more nuanced perspective to promote the genuine success and welfare of those pursuing careers in the beauty anchor industry, ultimately addressing the limitations of the law in safeguarding the rights and well-being of these professionals.

Juridical Review Of Minor Marriage Dispensation

Law Number 16 of 2019 which amends the old Marriage Law changes the marriage age limit for women and men to 19 years. So if you are less than 19 years old you are required to go through the marriage dispensation stage at the court. It is known that the marriage dispensation issued by the religious court plays a very important role in carrying out the legal process for underage marriages. In the decision of case number 138/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kdr, the judge granted the request for a marriage dispensation letter due to the urgent situation that the prospective wife was 4 months pregnant. The research method used in this writing is a qualitative research method with descriptive analysis methods and accompanied by a normative juridical approach. The results of this research explain the conditions that must be fulfilled by the parties to obtain dispensation and analysis of determination number 138/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kdr.

CONSTITUTIONAL COURT RULING NUMBER 90/PUU-XXI/2023 REGARDING ASPECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The aim of this research is to examine the Constitutional Court decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on aspects of human rights. This research uses a juridical-normative approach by examining the legal aspects of Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 through a literature review. The focus of research here is on aspects of human rights (HAM) and power holders. In this case, the Constitutional Court's decision received public attention regarding the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates, giving rise to pros and cons in society. This literature review highlights the controversy over Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 and analyzes the authority of the Constitutional Court in the context of human rights and power holders. The discussion involved the principle of separation of powers and the role of the Constitutional Court as a judicial institution. Although the Constitutional Court's decisions reflect constitutional interpretation, their impact on political and social dynamics shows the complexity of the relationship between law and social life. The results of this research show A careful and comprehensive analysis of the Constitutional Court's decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 shows the complexity of the relationship between law, political decisions, and social life, as well as the importance of a deep understanding of the legal and constitutional context in evaluating the consequences of certain legal decisions.

Efektifitas Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Bendosari Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Marriage is a way for creatures to preserve life, after each partner is ready to play a positive role in realizing the goal of marriage. Phenomena related to the age limit for marriage in Indonesia are still an interesting matter to study, bearing in mind that legal regulations regarding marriage (Law No. 1 of 1974 which was renewed by Law No. 16 of 2019) are still not effective in preventing marriage under age (early marriage). This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of applying Law Number 16 of 2019 in controlling underage marriages and the factors that influence the effectiveness of implementing Law Number 16 of 2019 in controlling underage marriages.This research is a qualitative descriptive research aimed at getting an overview of the effectiveness and factors that influence the effectiveness of the application of Law Number 16 of 2019 in controlling underage marriages. Data collection techniques in this study used direct surveys, interviews and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in this study uses interactive descriptive analysis.The results of this study draw the conclusion that the application of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage has been effective in controlling early marriage in the KUA area of Bendosari Sukoharjo Sub-District which has been proven to be able to reduce the incidence of early marriage which was originally an average of 11 events per year to an average of 5 incidents per year, and the effectiveness of the application of Law Number 16 of 2019 Concerning Marriage in controlling early marriage in the KUA area of Bendosari Sukoharjo District is influenced by several factors such as the legal factor of the law itself, the factor of law enforcement agencies or the parties involved, the facility factor (facilities and infrastructure supporting law enforcement), cultural factors and community factors

Trends in Anti-Influenza Drug Prescription and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting After the Lifting of Oseltamivir Prescribing Restrictions in Pediatric Outpatients: An Ecological Study Using the MDV Analyzer® And the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database.

Abnormal behavior after oseltamivir administration has been reported in the media; in 2007, the package insert for oseltamivir phosphate was revised to restrict its administration to individuals aged over 10 years. However, in 2018, the age limitation specified in the package insert was removed. Here, we evaluated the trends in anti-influenza drug prescription and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in pediatric outpatients after revising the oseltamivir package insert as an ecological study. Anti-influenza drug prescriptions for pediatric outpatients with influenza aged 0-19 years were downloaded from the acute Diagnosis Procedure Combination hospital databases using the MDV analyzer®. ADR reports on anti-influenza drug prescription among patients aged 0-20 years in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database were downloaded from the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency website. Data were collected during the 2016/2017 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. During the influenza epidemic season (January-March), the percentage of oseltamivir prescriptions for patients with influenza aged 10-19 years tripled after the revision of the oseltamivir package insert (9.3% during the 2016/2017 season and 29.2% during the 2019/2020 season); however, reports of abnormal behavior did not increase (two during the 2016/2017 season and none during the 2019/2020 season). The number of oseltamivir-related ADR reports among minors over 10 years of age did not increase although the proportion of oseltamivir prescriptions increased after the revision of the oseltamivir package insert.

Estimating of the maximum life expectancy and natural mortality of the red king crab on the example of the Barents Sea population

The purpose of the study is to establish the maximum life span (tmax) and natural mortality (M) in commercial Lithodidae using the example of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus.Material and methods — after the introduction of P. camtschaticus into the Barents Sea in 1969, the dynamics of the maximum carapace width (CWmax) from the first crab catches in 1974 to 2022 was considered. The data of the authors’ own observations and the results of studies from the open press were used.Results. The retrospective dynamics of the maximum size of crabs for older ages for 1974–2022 is presented. The maximum sizes were established: in males CWmax 280–312 and 298 mm was in 2002 and 2003, and in females CWmax 210–220 mm in 1995, 1998 and in a later period.New data. Based on the fifty-year dynamics of CWmax, it was suggested that after the end of the acclimatization of P. camtschaticus in 1969, the first generation of local juveniles appeared in the area of introduction in the early 1970s; in the absence of fishing, these juveniles were able to freely reach the maximum historical size and maximum age. Males caught in 2002–2003 with CWmax 280–312 mm, could have been 30–33 years old (mean 31 years), and the age of females in 1995 with CWmax 210 mm was 20–25 years (mean 23 years). This age limit of crabs allows us to establish a natural mortality according to the formula М=3/tmax for crabs with CW ≥70–90 mm, when their natural elimination is minimal. In this case, the decrease in M in males will be 10% per year, and in females 13%.Practical significance. To estimate the commercial stock of P. camtschaticus, the values of natural mortality used today are 1.8–2.3 times higher than M established by tmax for this species in the Barents Sea. The use of a double overestimated value of M in model calculations leads to a decrease in the commercial stock of crab and, as a consequence, to a decrease in its total allowable catch.