Age In Canada Research Articles

Book Reviews/Comptes Rendus

Book reviewed in this article:Ellen M. Gee and Meredith M. Kimball, Women and Aging (Butterworths Perspectives on Individual and Population Aging Series)Statistics Canada Population Estimation MethodsHarry Brod (ed.) The Making of MasculinitiesShivalingappa S. Halli, How Minority Status Affects Fertility: Asian Groups in Canada.William G. Bailey Human Longevity from Antiquity to the Modern Lab: A Selected, Annotated BibliographyVictor W. Marshall (ed.) Aging in Canada: Social Perspectives (Second Edition)Louis Dumont Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective.Anselm L. Strauss Qualitative Analysis for Social ScientistsPaul Stoller and Cheryl Olkes In Sorcery's Shadow: A Memoir of Apprenticeship among the Songhay of NigerR. Cole Harris (ed.) and Geoffrey J. Matthews (cartographer/designer) Historical Atlas of Canada, Vol. 1, From the Beginning to 1800Barrie Reynolds and Margaret A. Stott (eds.) Material Anthropology: Contemporary Approaches to Material CultureD. Gauvreau, J. Gregory, M. Kempeneers et V. Piché (dir.) Démographie et sous‐développement dans le Tiers‐MondeDonald Blake Two Political Worlds: Parties and Voting in British ColumbiaLynn Mcdonald The Party That Changed Canada: The New Democratic Party, Then and Now.

Women and Aging in Canada

Women and Aging in Canada

Social Supports of the Rural Widowed Elderly*

ABSTRACT:A brief demographic profile of rural aging in Canada is provided along with an overview of Canadian research findings on the rural aged in general. The findings from a study of 152 widowed residents of two urban and two rural communities in southern Ontario, Canada, are reported. Three measures of social support were used: i.e., perceived support, patterns of support, and preferred sources of support. The data indicate many more similarities than differences in the social support patterns of this sample of rural and urban widowed elders. Where differences did emerge, the rural widowed reported higher levels of frequency of contact with support members. The rural elderly, however, also had lower socio‐economic status and had been widowed for a shorter period of time. Thus, some of the differences between the support patterns of the rural and urban widowed were accounted for by background differences, rather than by residential location per se. Despite these findings, the respondents perceived that living in a rural area was an advantage in widowhood.

Review of Aging in Canada: Social perspectives (2nd ed.).

Review of Aging in Canada: Social perspectives (2nd ed.).

Aging in Canada: Social Perspectives. Victor W. Marshall (Editor), Second Edition, Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry and Whiteside, 1987, 613 pages, $24.95.

RÉSUMÉDans ce recueil qui rassemble une collection de trente articles traitant de plusieurs aspects des sciences sociales et de la science du comportement, Victor Marshall a réuni un échantillon imposant de travaux de recherche et d'analyses en gérontologie canadienne.Aging in Canada s'adresse à un vaste éventail d'étudiants et sera apprécié par les enseignants qui ont besoin d'un manuel autorisé et bien documenté pour accompagner leur matériel de cours. Ce livre n'est effectivement pas un manuel scolaire classique mais il nous introduit conscientieusement à la signification et à l'expérience changeante des processus de vieillisement puis poursuit en offrant des sections sur le travail, les loisirs, les relations familiales, la same et les soins à la santé, l'économie politique et la politique sociale.

Aging In Canada: Social Perspectives. Edited by Victor W. Marshall. 2nd Edition. Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1987.

Aging In Canada: Social Perspectives. Edited by Victor W. Marshall. 2nd Edition. Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1987.

Being old today and tomorrow: a different proposition

This is an outline of major issues concerning demographic aging in Canada and its socioeconomic implications. Among the subjects included are the predominance of women among the aged old age security the health of the aged and geographic variations. (SUMMARY IN FRE) (ANNOTATION)

Aging in Canada

Aging in Canada

Economic status: a census analysis of thirty‐year‐old immigrant women in Canada

Dans cette note de recherche, nous utilisons les données du recensement de 1981 pour étudier la situation économique des femmes agées de trente ans au Canada. Nous comparons la population des femmes immigrantes (N= 37000) à celle des femmes nées au Canada (N= 160000), relativement à leurs niveaux éducationnel, occupationnel et financier. Les variables contrôlées individuellement par l‘étude sont: état civil, période d'immigration, origine ethnique, et dimension de la famille. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent que les femmes qui ont immigré alors qu'elles étaient enfant (dix ans ou moins) ont plus de chances que l'ensemble de connaître le succès socio‐économique à l’âge adulte; par ailleurs, les femmes arrivées au Canada entre dix et vingt ans occupent le plus bas niveau de succès socio‐économique. Il faut cependant noter plusieurs exceptions à ces conclusions générales. Une discussion des résultats dans le contexte de l'hypothèse de l“assimilation‘ indique que celle‐ci n'est pas suffisante pour expliquer les différences de succès socio‐économique au Canada des femmes nées à l’étranger: un cadre théorique plus large s'avére nécessaire.In this research note we use 1981 Census data to examine the economic position of women thirty years of age in Canada, comparing immigrants (N= 37 000) to the native born population (N= 160 000) with respect to educational, occupational, and income attainment. Variables controlled individually in the study are marital status, period of immigration, ethnic origin, and family size. The findings show that immigrant women who came to Canada as children (ten years old or under) are more likely to have an advantaged socioeconomic standing at age thirty while immigrant females who entered the country as adolescents (ten to twenty years of age) have the lowest levels of socioeconomic achievement. However, there are several exceptions to these overall findings. The results are discussed in the context of the ‘assimilation’ hypothesis, but it would seem that a more comprehensive theoretical framework is needed to explain differences in status attainment among foreign‐born women in Canada.

North-South: The First Ten Years

This essay serves as a brief introduction to the cumulative index of contents for the first ten years of North-South , known more formally as The Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. This introduction reflects on the patterns that have emerged in the first decade of the Journal. The preface to a cumulative index is not the place for an exhaustive assessment of the achievements and shortcomings of a new journal in its infant years. A definitive assessment of the performance of North-South is yet to come and will be a welcome addition to the history of the development of Latin American and Caribbean Studies in Canada. It is always a challenge for a new journal, starting with no reputation and no track record, to gain acceptance at home and abroad. Since publications, at least for the academics who make up over 95% of the contributors to North-South , are important in tenure and promotion decisions, there is always a bias toward publication in established journals. It is additionally difficult when a journal has both an area studies focus and a multidisciplinary orientation. It is noteworthy that 1986, marking the tenth year of the Journal also marks the initiation of the first graduate Diploma Programme in Latin American and Caribbean Studies, at York University where the Canadian Association of Latin American and Caribbean Studies was founded in 1969. Both are signs that Latin American and Caribbean studies are coming of age in Canada. The Journal has published 130 articles and 54 book reviews in ten years. Each annual volume contains two numbers. The first three volumes contain joint numbers. The Journal has maintained a 125 page average length per number. Looking at the geographic distribution of the sources of articles, there are 45 articles without institutional affiliation. About 20 of these appear to be from Latin America or the Caribbean. Combined with the dozen

FAMILY INCOME, AGE, AND SIZE OF UNIT: SELECTED INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS*

Two aspects of the relationship between family unit income and the age of the head of the family unit are examined in this exploratory paper. First, in connection with the recent discussion in the U.S. about the “fair” level of income of the aged population, the economic well‐being of various age of head groups is examined for the U.S., Canada, Norway, and Israel. Problems inherent in comparing income distributions across countries are described briefly, and the sensitivity of the estimates to definitional differences is discussed. Relative incomes of the different age groups are then compared within and between countries. Relative mean incomes, relative median incomes, relative mean incomes adjusted for size of unit in alternative ways, distributions of age groups among income quintiles, and relative income shares within age groups are compared. The focus is on aged units. It is found that, using these crude measures, aged units in the U.S. are roughly as well off relative to the other age groups as aged groups in the other countries examined. In the second section of the paper, a U.S. microdata file is reweighted to be consistent with the distributions by age of head of Norway and Canada. Relative income shares of quintiles are computed before and after reweighting and compared with the shares for Norway and Canada. The reweighting to Norway's age distribution increased differences in relative income shares between the two countries; the reweighting to Canada's age distribution slightly decreased differences.

The aging of Canada's population: an update from the 1981 Census

A review of the process of demographic aging in Canada is presented using data from the 1981 census. The author notes that from 1971 to 1981 all provinces except Alberta showed an increase in the aged proportion of their populations. However the growth rate of the 65 to 74 age group exceeded the growth rate of the population over age 75. The number of elderly females continued to grow faster than the number of elderly males. Changes in the distribution of the elderly by marital status and urban or rural residence are also described. (summary in FRE) (ANNOTATION)

Aging in Canada: The Challenge to Political Science

ABSTRACTThe political science discipline has been decidedly under-represented in the emergence of Canadian social gerontology over the past two decades. This is rather surprising, considering that political and governmental institutions—always a primary focus of political science attention—have played a critical role in allocating social values toward elderly persons, and that relatively large sums of public money are spent on aging programs. The discipline's relative absence in gerontological studies is explainable partly in terms of forces long at work within political science, and partly on the basis of ones external to it—all of which for some years combined to discourage work on this topic. Very recently, however, the negative influences have weakened to some degree, while new factors of a positive character have entered the picture. As a result, it is possible to offer a guardedly optimistic estimate of the potential for political science to become more involved and more committed than heretofore.

Issues Affecting Gerontology Education and Manpower Needs in Population Aging

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses seven major issues that will affect the development of gerontology education in response to manpower needs in aging in Canada. These issues concern the definitions of aging for educational and manpower policy, manpower forecasting, knowledge base in gerontology, gerontology as an academic field or as a professional field, development of education programs, employment opportunities, and factors in supply and demand. The author stresses the importance of creating baseline data about manpower needs and occupational settings and about the knowledge base of gerontology in Canada.

The Economic Impacts of Aging in Canada: Macroeconomic Indicators and Policy Implications

ABSTRACTThe declining rate of population growth and the consequent aging of the Canadian population is not a new phenomenon. However, current data and population projections suggest that the rate of aging will increase over the remainder of this century and beyond. From a macroeconomic viewpoint this implies a substantial decline in the growth of the labour force and, hence, the growth potential of the Canadian economy. However, this potential is also influenced by saving (and hence capital accumulation) and productivity performance. In these cases the impacts of population aging are relatively under-researched and reflect the resolution of conflicting forces. From a public policy viewpoint the pressures on government spending from demographic sources are at an historical minimum in the early 1980s, and hence this period offers a unique opportunity to develop the policies to effect the necessary transfer of public resources from programmes oriented towards the young to those oriented towards the senior members of Canadian society.

The Later Thought of J. S. Woodsworth, 1918-1942: An Essay in Revision

James Shaver Woodsworth has been commonly thought of as a man of unbending practical resolve and constant intellectual principle. This paper argues that he was in many respects a jumble of contradictions. Most obviously, though a socialist and of a modernist turn of mind, Woodsworth remained a product of an earlier pioneer age in Canada, and consequently displayed a world view that was a mixture of gradualism, practicality, nativism, isolationism and individualism.

FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGES AND DISTRIBUTIONAL SHIFTS OF COLEOPTERA DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE IN CANADA AND THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES

AbstractA faunal list of 362 sub-fossil Coleoptera obtained from 33 published and 24 unpublished sites of Pleistocene age in Canada and the neighbouring United States is given. A table indicates the distribution of families, with the number of species encountered, through discrete intervals of Pleistocene time. Seven species representing members of the Carabidae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae, and Scolytidae have been used to illustrate distribution changes through the last interglacial/glacial/present interglacial cycle. The maximum distance so far recorded is a shift of over 9000 km for Anotylus gibbulus (Epp.), a staphylinid, found fossil in Toronto during the last interglacial, and today recorded only from Eurasia and Asia. A number of other species whose modern ranges are confined to northwestern North America have been found fossil in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence region, over 4000 km distant. A similar shift is noted in species which today are found only in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Aspects of ice build up, marginal conditions outside the Laurentide Ice Sheet limits, Pleistocene climates, paleoecology, and sub-fossil insect localities are used to formulate hypotheses about three refugia around the perimeter of the Late Wisconsinan ice.

The Development of Air-Photo Interpretation in Canada

Aerial photography has come of age in Canada and is now widely used for both cartographic and interpretive purposes. In this historical review, the development of air-photo interpretation in Canada is traced from the earliest times to the present day. The major milestones are identified, and an attempt is made to show the pattern of development and the trends in photo-interpretation work in Canada since the first air photos were obtained in 1883. Separate sections are devoted to air-photo interpretation in forestry, agriculture and crop inventory, engineering, physiography and terrain analysis, wildlife, and social studies. An extensive reference list, which will serve as a base-line reference for current researchers and a source document for future reviewers, is an integral part of the review.

Reviews : Coming of Age in Canada

Reviews : Coming of Age in Canada