Agave Americana Research Articles

An Experimental Study of Agave and Coconut Fibre Concrete

Abstract: Nowadays necessity of concrete is larger than the last decades. Mostly concrete is weak in tension and has some brittle characteristics. In order to overcome the weakness, regular concrete is therefore normally reinforced with steel bars. Researchers have attempted to enhance the tensile property by addition synthetic fibres, but as they are expensive, we are attempting to use alternative sources of natural fibres to incorporate tensile strength in conventional concrete. Agave Americana (Elephant Aloe Vera) and Coconut fibre was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fibre has shown no deterioration in the concrete medium. Fibres were brushed and lined up and cut to obtain 10 cm length for required aspect ratio. This Attempt was made to analyse the suitability of partial replacement of cement with infused with natural fibres of different percentage. Materials were mixed with agave fibres and coconut fibres of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of volume of concrete for M20 mix grade and casted in cubes, cylinders and beams. The strength characteristics like compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strengths were analysed

Enhancement of sustainable fused deposition modeling 3D‐printing with agave Americana fiber‐reinforced poly(lactic) acid biofilaments

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of eco‐friendly biocomposites has been growing recently to obtain green fillers capable of reducing bioplastic costs without compromising the material processability and performance. This paper aims to study the effect of using different Agave America fiber volume ratios on the morphological, chemical, and thermal properties, contact angle, and hardness of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) filament for 3D printing. Sustainable biofilaments of PLA filled with 10 and 5 wt% of Agave Americana fiber were prepared in a thermokinetic mixer and extruded in a machine, and then used to print testing samples using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. Biofilaments were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The addition of fiber did not significantly influence the biofilament's diameter and density compared to pure PLA. On the other hand, it influenced printed biofilaments' thermal stability and morphological characteristics. The biocomposites developed have shown enhancement in their shore hardness. Thus, the use of Agave Americana fiber reinforced in a PLA matrix did not compromise its thermal properties, nor its processability and printability, which could open the possibility of future research with a biocomposite with higher fiber content and an environmentally friendly alternative over traditional filler materials.

Characterization and Comparative Insights on Agave Americana and Agave Sisalana Leaf Fibers for High-Performance Applications

ABSTRACT This work is focused on characterization and comparative study of agave americana and agave sisalana leaf fibers which can be used as potential alternative for synthetic fibers in engineering applications. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of agave fibers were determined using different analytical procedures and instruments. According to the experimental data, the mean length and diameter of agave americana fibers were maximum of 1.76 m and 411 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the particular fibers possess larger amount of hemicellulose (17.4%) and moisture (~8%) which confirmed they are relatively hydrophilic in nature. Conversely, agave sisalana fibers possess larger amount of cellulose (66.4%) and ligni10.1080/10942912.2023.2246677n (~16%) compared to agave americana fibers. Meanwhile, SEM microstructure also proved surface of agave americana fibers was comparably rough, full of cracks and linings. EDAX analysis showed presence of significant amount of C and O, including trace amount of Ca, K, Si and S. Similarly, the semicrystalline agave americana fibers are longer and thicker possessing greater mean linear density (29.68 Tex). Agave sisalana fibers recorded maximum breaking tensile strength and elongation at break (512 MPa) and (~6%), respectively. These findings strongly suggested that agave fibers possess interesting features which can be used as potential reinforcement fibers for composite engineering.

Sustainable Blocks Reinforced with Agave americana L. Fiber and Its Mechanical Properties

Sustainable Blocks Reinforced with Agave americana L. Fiber and Its Mechanical Properties

Palatability status of the Flora of Koh-e-Safaid Range Upper Kurram Valley, Khyber PakhtunKhwa North West Pakistan

Background: The current study was carried out in Upper Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from 2015 to 2019. Grazing is the most common of the land uses by domestic and wild animals. Grazing is the most significant biotic stress in terrestrial ecosystem after the fire factor. Objectives: Objectives of the study were; to find out the Palatability status of the Flora of Koh-e-Safaid Range Upper Kurram Valley, KP Pakistan; to record the flora of grazing and browsing livestock preferences in the field. Methodology: The palatability of plant species was recorded by observing the grazing livestock in the field. Cattle were visually observed to determine their preferences. All the information’s were confirmed from local elders. Palatable species were categorized into Highly Palatable (HP), Mostly Palatable (MP), Less Palatable (LP), Rarely Palatable (RP) and Non-Palatable (NP). Results: The current study reported five palatability classes based on their utilization by animals. Highest number of plants fell under the group of highly palatable plants 261 (39.90%) which includes Cynodon dactylon, Dicanthium annulatum, Medicago sativa and Rubus fruticosus. The number of mostly palatable plants were 148 (22.62%) such as Alopecurus agrestis, Brachiaria ramosa, Gagea reticulata, Melica persica, Polypogon viridis. The number of rarely palatable plants were 73 (11.16%) such as Allium griffithianum, Achyranthes aspera, Alteranthera pungens, and Dioscorea deltoidea, while 27 (4.12%) plants were observed less palatable such as Coronopus didymus, Carthamus oxyacantha and Ranunculus afghanicus. A total of 145 (22.17%) plants were observed as non-palatable of which Abies pindrow, Agave americana, Alajja rhomboidea, Cedrus deodara and Hertia intermedia were significant among the non-palatable species. Conclusions: Various factors impact the palatability of plants in different localities of the world. These factors include morphology, phenology, minerals and secondary metabolites in a plant. Like most herbivores, it preferred smaller leaves with a smaller specific leaf area and a higher dry matter content in the leaf. Phenological changes associated with climate change are related to the seasonal availability and palatability of food plants. The presence of minerals like Ca, Mg and K, Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca in different palatable plants in Kurram indicates the reason for their palatable condition. Secondary metabolites such as glycosides, alkaloids, nitrates and others such as oxalate, lectins and tannins have an adverse effect on the taste of plants. Keywords: Palatability, grazing, species, Kurram, Pakistan

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Kinetics Determination and Nutritional Evaluation of Several Non-Conventional Plants with Potential for Ruminant Feeding

Using invasive plants as non-conventional forage in livestock production can contribute to meeting climate change targets and provide a competitive advantage in a global market. This study evaluated the nutritional potential of several non-conventional plants: Pennisetum setaceum, Ricinus communis, Arundo donax, Acacia melanoxylon, Opuntia ficus-indica, Agave americana, Pittosporum undulatum, and Hedychium gardnerianum. Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, gas production, and energy estimates were determined. Opuntia showed the lowest DM value (6.65%), while the highest was found for Acacia (39.43%). Ricinus recorded the highest levels of CP (23.56% DM), RFV (273.86), and in vitro gas production at 24 h (43.49 mL/200 mg DM). The highest NDF (80.39% DM), HEM (39.03% DM), and CEL (36.81% DM) values were observed for Pennisetum. Agave produced the highest amount of gas from the start to the end of incubation (22.68 to 48.99 mL/200 mg DM), while Acacia produced the least (3.83 to 14.78 mL/200 mg DM). The highest ME (8.72 MJ/kg DM) and NEL (5.06 MJ/kg DM) estimates were obtained for Agave. Correlations between the chemical compositions and feed quality indices of the plants were observed, showing strong negative correlations between ADF and DMD, OMD, and DMI (r > 0.86, p < 0.01). We can conclude that all these non-conventional plants have potential as an alternative feed for ruminants when there are fodder shortages.

Optimization of Bending and Compressive Strength Behavior of Agave americana Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite Using Response Surface Methodology

The purpose of this research is to optimize several variables, including fiber length, volumetric fiber percentage, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentration, which influence the bending and compression behavior of cementitious composites reinforced with plant-based fibers from Agave americana. Samples of composites based on fibers extracted from Agave americana and a cement matrix were manufactured and prepared according to a reference mortar. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to build an experimental design to explore their mechanical behavior and to construct a set of mathematical models predictive of their behavior. The first stage of the work includes the extraction and processing of Agave americana fibers and the preparation of cement and Agave americana mortar specimens. The second phase aims to establish mathematical models to forecast the workability of the cement mortar and its strength at 28 days while emphasizing the correlations and interactions between the different components through the Design Expert software.

Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Agave americana leaves on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

BackgroundEthiopians locally treat liver illnesses with A. Americana. Available literature demonstrates this. However, there are few in-vivo investigations that provide supporting data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Agave americana leaves on rat liver damage caused by paracetamol.MethodsThe acute oral toxicity test was conducted in accordance with OECD-425 recommendations. The approach outlined by Eesha et al. (Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4:466-469, 2011) was used to test the hepatoprotective activity. Wistar male rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were used, and six groups with seven animals each were formed. Group I received treatment with gum acacia (2%) at a dose of 2 ml/kg p.o. daily for 7 days. Rats in group II were treated with 2% gum acacia orally daily for seven days along with a single dose of paracetamol (2 mg/kg) p.o. on 7th day. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was given orally to Group III for 7 days. Plant extract doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg were administered orally to Groups IV -VI for seven days, respectively. All rats in groups III-VI were treated with paracetamol (2 mg/kg) 30 min following extract administration. Blood samples were obtained from the cardiac puncture after paracetamol had been used for 24 h to induce toxicity. Serum biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin) were estimated. A histopathological investigation was also done.ResultsNo toxicity symptoms or animal fatalities were recorded during the acute toxicity study. The values of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin were all substantially raised by paracetamol. Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained by pretreatment with A. americana extract. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues of paracetamol control group represented the presence of marked foci of mononuclear infiltration in the hepatic parenchyma tissue, sinusoid, and around central vein, as well as disorganization of hepatic plates, necrosis, and fatty changes of hepatocytes. Pretreatment with A. americana extract reversed these alterations. Results of the methanolic extract of A. americana were comparable to Silymarin.ConclusionThe current investigation supports the hepatoprotective properties of Agave americana methanolic extract.

Fermentation of Agave americana L. sap produced in Cayambe – Ecuador

Fermentation of agave sap, also known as exudate, has become an ancestral practice throughout Ecuadorian Andean. In Cayambe, located in this region, grows Agave americana L., which is recollected, and its sap is fermented. The agave-based fermented beverage, locally named "tzawar mishki", exhibits variable features, mainly ethanol concentration. In this work, fermentation conditions of agave sap were studied to enhance ethanol yield. Two thermal treatments for raw exudate were evaluated, pasteurization at boiling point for 30 minutes and sterilization at 121°C for 15 minutes; fermentation temperature, 30°C and room (around 18°C); and two yeast strains. Thermal pretreatments have a positive impact on reducing sugars and sucrose concentration. In the first case, an increase of 76 % and 30 % has been reported, while sucrose concentration quadrupled and doubled in pasteurized and sterilized samples, respectively. The highest ethanol concentration (63,31 g/L) and the best yield (66,21 %) were accomplished through agave sap pasteurized and fermented for 96 hours at 30°C. Negligible differences have been evidenced in ethanol and other volatile compounds content between the two yeast strains evaluated. Keywords: agave sap, ethanol, fermentation, fermentable sugars, yeast

Influence of the Season on the Nutritive Value and Gas Production of Opuntia ficus-indica and Agave americana L. in Ruminant Feed.

Using invasive plants in animal production can provide an economical and eco-sustainable competitive advantage in a globalized market. The Opuntia ficus-indica and the Agave americana L. are invasive plants historically used by Azorean farmers as an alternative ruminant water source in the summer. This study aims to better understand their properties and how they vary throughout the year, so their use to complement animal diets can be optimised. Six samples of each species were collected on the Terceira Island during 2 growth seasons: winter (January 2021) and summer (September 2021), and their chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production, were determined. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in all parameters between the summer and the winter, with larger variations in both fibre (NDF and ADF) and digestibility parameters found between the Opuntia and the Agave. Gas production was greater in the summer for Opuntia and in the winter for Agave. Even though the digestibility was lower in the summer, we found that both plants offer a viable ruminant feed complement in both seasons, providing a cheap and eco-sustainable alternative water source, that can be associated to dry forage and compound feeding stuff with a high crude protein content when designing ruminant diets.

Alkali treatment effects on agave Americana fiber properties

In this study we focus on the mechanical properties of alkali treated and raw agave Americana fiber. Mechanical extraction and water retting were used to obtain this fibre from the agave Americana tree. In hilly locations, agave americana plants are most common. We get it from the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Agave Americana fibres were put through mechanical, thermal, SEM, and chemical tests to compare their mechanical properties. The data obtained indicate that treated agave Americana fibre has superior qualities than raw fibre. Thermal properties and mechanical properties improve after NaOH treatment as compare to untreated fibre. The alkali treatment is a fairly simple procedure that is advised for use on plant fibres similar to the fibre from the agave americana.

Diversity and traditional knowledge of pulque agave landraces in the community of San Pedro Tlalcuapan, Tlaxcala, Mexico

There is scarce information available about how peasants recognize Agave landraces. This study aims to identify the agave species and landraces used for “pulque” production and analyze their morphological variability in a Nahualt community, San Pedro Tlacuapan (SPT), Tlaxcala, Mexico. To this end, we used traditional knowledge and conventional statistical methods. Semi-structured interviews were administered; from these, the frequency of mentions, lexical marking, and perception about each landrace were evaluated. A total of 36 morphological vegetative characters were measured in the main landraces, and ordination analyses (PCA) were performed. SPT is home to 8 landraces of Agave americana and Agave salmiana subsp. salmiana. “Manso” was the most frequently mentioned landrace, and 5 qualitative characters used by local experts to identify landraces were observed. One morphological cluster was associated with each landrace analyzed, and the variables characterizing them are rosette size, leaf shape, number of leaves, and tooth shape. The information about agave diversity from local experts can be integrated into measurements of morphological diversity through conventional statistical methods.

Plants of Commercial Importance in Lesotho: Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Insights

Several plants have been processed in Lesotho to manufacture various commercial prodcts, ranging from cosmetics and beverages (juice, tea) to traditional herbal mixtures and crafts. Even though plants of commercial importance have been documented in different regions and countries, this is not the case in Lesotho. Therefore, the aim of the study is to record plant species commonly used in the country for development of commercial products. A physical survey was undertaken in different places in the Maseru District of Lesotho between January 2019 and October 2021, taking a record of existing commercial products and identifying plants used in their development. A total of 15 plants of commercial importance in the country are recorded in the current study, namely Agave americana, Aloe ferox, Artemisia afra, Cannabis sativa, Helichrysum odoratissimum, Hemannia depressa, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Leudeboria cooperi, Mentha spp., Merxmuellera spp., Pelargonium sidoides, Opuntia ficus-indica, Rosa rubiginosa and Urtica urens. Most of the plants are used for production of commercial products in the country, whereas some are exported as raw materials, mainly to countries such as Germany, South Africa, Australia and America. The latter are C. sativa, Merxmuellera spp., P. sidoides and R. rubiginosa. Profiling of the plants provides important information about their commercial potential. However, conservation of the plants is encouraged to ensure their sustainable utilisation.

Effect of Water Stress Induced by Polyethylene Glycol on Growth, Proline Accumulation in Agave americana L.

The effect of water deficit was determined on both in vitro and soil seedling as well as in cells in suspension of Agave americana L. In order to do the establishment of cells, the formation of callus was induced; for it two auxins were evaluated: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-mino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg L−1) in three explants (leaf, root and meristems) cultured in MS semisolid medium. The callogenesis response was related to the type and section of the explant, as well as the regulator used, and a cell suspension was established using 0.5 mg L−1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 0.5 mg L−1 Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Seedlings were exposed to polyethyleneglycol (15% and 30% w/v) with a water potential of −0.87 and −2.67 MPa, respectively, under soil conditions. Water stress was applied through restricted irrigation. Fresh weight, root system growth, and chlorophyll concentration were some of the parameters that were affected by the effect of water deficit on A. americana L. Chlorophyll concentration values were significantly decreased by 15 at 30% PEG (19.6 SPAD units) compared to the control treatment. In in vitro plants, the highest concentration of proline was found in the roots, being the treatment with 30% polyethylene glycol where the highest concentration of this osmoregulator was obtained (62.5 mg g−1 DW). Under restricted irrigation conditions, an increase in proline concentration was observed both in the aerial part (2.2 µg 100 g−1 DW) and in the root system (1.8 µg 100 g−1 DW). However, the concentrations found were approximately ten times greater, less than those found under in vitro conditions. Therefore, the accumulation of proline can be considered an indicator of stress in Agave Americana L. growth in vitro.

Effect of chemical and biological treatments on Agave americana yarn braid reinforced composite structures

The environmental issues existing all over the world have pushed the researchers to innovate products that would lead to the reduction of all sorts of pollution. This study focused on the utilization of underutilized Agave Americana fibres in yarn form after converting them into braids. An attempt has been made to modify the surface of the fibers using enzyme and alkali for improvising the uptake and adherence of resin which enhances the properties of composites. The spun Agave Americana fibres were procured and treated chemically and biologically for removing the fibre chemical constituents and natural oils that cover the outer layer of the fiber cell wall. The fibres from the yarn showed the improvement in morphological analysis after treatments which have increased the fiber-matrix adhesion leading to the improved mechanical properties of the composites. Both the treated yarns were braided for reinforcements to provide unique structural features and characteristics to the composites. The matrix used was epoxy resin because of its superior qualities and high performance. The roughness of the composite structure reinforced with the chemical treated yarn braid reinforced samples was the highest with 27.60 over the untreated and enzyme treated samples. The tensile strength of alkaline treated yarn braid reinforced composites increased with 48.56% over the untreated yarn braid reinforced composites whereas the enzyme treated yarn braid reinforced composites exhibited only 37.89% increase over the untreated sample. As for the flexural strength, the results were in contrast with the tensile strength results as the enzyme treated yarn braid reinforced composites showed more increase with 42.16% whereas it was only 34.33% in the alkali treated yarn braid reinforced composites. At higher temperatures the thermal stability was noted to be the highest in the alkali treated sample with 92.5%. These results have shown that these treatments and braided structure can be used as reinforcement for bringing good performance composite structures.

Optimization of Mortar/Agave americana Fibers Composite Behavior Based on Experimental Design

ABSTRACT Processing parameters and manufacturing techniques of composite materials have a considerable impact on the physicomechanical properties of a final product. The innovative contribution of the current work was to optimize the preparation process of composite materials to obtain the best physicomechanical properties. The mechanical characteristics and the water absorption uptake of mortar/unidirectional Agave americana fibers composite were optimized using an experimental design approach (statistical analysis). A central composite design was considered to determine the optimum preparation conditions of the mortar/A. americana composite to ensure the highest mechanical properties and lowest moisture effect. A second-order polynomial model was developed. The results show that both parameters and their interactions significantly affect the composite’s compressive strength, water absorption uptake, and stress strain. However, only the two studied parameters have a significant effect on flexural strength response. The optimal properties of the composite are 11.14 MPa, 2.03 mm, 3.88 MPa, 0.93 mm, and 14.6%, respectively, for compressive strength, stress strain, flexural strength, displacement, and water absorption. These properties are obtained at specific processing parameters, respectively, 17.6Ve% of agave fibers loading and 4.2% sodium hydroxide fibers treatment solution concentration. The adequate treatment process was proven when testing fibers morphology (Scanning electron microscopy) and their crystallinity index (X-ray diffraction).

Agave REVEILLE1 regulates the onset and release of seasonal dormancy in Populus.

Deciduous woody plants like poplar (Populus spp.) have seasonal bud dormancy. It has been challenging to simultaneously delay the onset of bud dormancy in the fall and advance bud break in the spring, as bud dormancy, and bud break were thought to be controlled by different genetic factors. Here, we demonstrate that heterologous expression of the REVEILLE1 gene (named AaRVE1) from Agave (Agave americana) not only delays the onset of bud dormancy but also accelerates bud break in poplar in field trials. AaRVE1 heterologous expression increases poplar biomass yield by 166% in the greenhouse. Furthermore, we reveal that heterologous expression of AaRVE1 increases cytokinin contents, represses multiple dormancy-related genes, and up-regulates bud break-related genes, and that AaRVE1 functions as a transcriptional repressor and regulates the activity of the DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (DRM1) promoter. Our findings demonstrate that AaRVE1 appears to function as a regulator of bud dormancy and bud break, which has important implications for extending the growing season of deciduous trees in frost-free temperate and subtropical regions to increase crop yield.

Potentialities of plant based hybrid wetland systems for the treatment of household waste water using Canna indica, Agave americana, Pistia stratiotes and Tagetes erecta

The ever increasing population is generating large amount of waste water and it is increasing with time especially with the higher per capita consumption of water in the country. Besides, the ample amount of energy required by the conventional water treatment methods is hampering the economic viability of the procedure. This asks for newer and efficient low cost nature based water treatment system which along with cost takes into consideration the sustainability of the ecosystem. In this study a hybrid plant based wetland system consisting of four plant species were used to treat the household grey water. Agave americana and Tagetes erecta were used in constructed wetland, Canna indica plant was used in floating raft wetland and Pistia stratiotes in oxidation pond for a period of 24 h retention to know the efficiency. The pollution reduction was analysed after 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24 h hydraulic retention period (HRT) in all these systems. Three parameters basically BOD, COD and salinity reduction were checked as an initial research to know the viability. The results showed that BOD reduction ranged from 6.67 to 41.18% in various systems within 24 h of retention, whereas COD showed a reduction range of 5.32–35.47% and salinity exhibited a reduction range of 6.93–21.49% based on the different systems.

Impact of Chemical Treatment on Surface Modification of Agave Americana Fibres for Composite Application – A Futuristic Approach

ABSTRACT As a futuristic approach an attempt has been made in this study to improve the compatibility between reinforcement and polymer matrix in composites by various chemical treatments. The adhesion of these can be achieved by modifying the surface using the chemical treatments. The general appearance of the Agave Americana fibers which underwent benzoylation was rated to be good in visual evaluation. The chemical treatments increased lignin content with 31.3% on benzoylation but decreased by both acetylation and alkylation treatments with 20.08% and 0.95% respectively. Moisture content was decreased in the fiber samples by benzylation and water absorption property decreased on acetylation and alkylation which would assist in fiber matrix compatibility. The breaking strength increased on benzoylation, and elongation increased on alkylation. Among the three chemical treatments the maximum degradation of fibers occurred at the highest temperature of 390°C with mass loss of 98.2% by benzoylation. Thermal stability improved in all the chemical treated fiber samples. Morphological analysis exhibited the removal of gummy substances and had improved roughness on the surface of fibers. The novelty is brought in the study by the fiber selection and analysis made using varied chemicals.

A green approach for the preparation of ZnO@C nanocomposite using agave americana plant extract with enhanced photodegradation

The present study demonstrates the crucial role of agave americana extract in enhancing the optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) through thermal treatment method. Various analytical and surface science techniques have been used to identify the morphology, crystalline structure, chemical composition, and optical properties, including scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The physical studies revealed the transformation of ZnO nanorods into nanosheets upon addition of an optimized amount of agave americana extract, which induced large amount of amorphous carbon deposited onto ZnO nanostructures as confirmed by HRTEM analysis. The use of increasing amount of americana extract has significantly reduced the average crystallite size of ZnO nanostructures. The resultant hybrid system of C@ZnO has produced a significant effect on the ultraviolet light-assisted photodegradation of malachite green (MG) dye. The photocatalyst dose was fixed at 10 mg for each study whereas the amount of agave americana extract and MG dye concentration are varied. The functionality of hybrid system was greatly enhanced when the amount of agave americana extract increased while dye concentration kept at lower level. Ultimately, almost 100% degradation efficiency was achieved via the prepared hybrid material, revealing combined contribution from synergy, stabilization of ZnO due to excess of carbon together with the high charge separation rate. The obtained results suggest that the driving role of agave americana extract for surface modification of photocatalyst can be considered for other nanostructured photocatalysts.