Ag Doping Research Articles

Effect of Ag and Ni-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on the Formation of ROS and Evaluation as an Alternative Physical Sunscreen Material.

CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria) were proposed as an alternative physical sunscreen agent with antioxidant properties and comparable UV absorption performance. Green synthesis of nanoceria with Ag and Ni dopants resulted in doped nanoceria with lower catalytic activity and biologically-safe characteristics. The doped nanoceria was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Rancimat Instrument, and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer for SPF (Sun Protection Factor) determination. XRD and TEM analysis showed that nanoceria had been successfully formed in nanoscale-sized with a change in crystallite size due to the crystal defect phenomenon caused by dopant addition. While the Rancimat test and band gap energy analysis were conducted to evaluate the oxidative stability and reactive oxygen species formation, it was confirmed that dopant addition could decrease catalytic activity of material, resulting in Ni-doped Ce with a longer incubation time (11.81 h) than Ag-doped Ce (10.58 h) and non-doped Ce (10.30 h). In-vitro SPF value was measured using the thin layer technique of sunscreen prototype with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)-based emulsion, which yielded 10.862 and 5.728 SPF values for 10% Ag-doped Ce and 10% Ni-doped Ce, respectively. The dopant addition of nanoceria could reduce catalytic activity and give a decent in vitro UV-shielding performance test; thus, Ag and Ni-doped nanoceria could be seen as promising candidates for alternative physical sunscreen agents.

Effect of Ag-doping process into the yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) thin films on the structural, magnetic and optical properties

In this work, the effect of Ag doping process (directly and as a nanoparticle) into the Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) thin films on the structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties was studied in detail. Ag-doped YIG thin films were grown on thermally oxidized Si substrates by following sol–gel and spin-coating methods. All films were crystallized without cracks by two-stages heat treatment process. The XRD patterns confirm the formation of YIG peaks, and metallic Ag peaks which settled into the structure without bonding with the YIG components. In both Ag doping processes, the coercive field (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) values of the samples containing 3% Ag are significantly lower than the other samples. The Ms values of 5% Ag doped samples were found the highest in both series. The Ms values of the films between in-plane and out-of-plane measurement increased with the Ag concentration. The optical measurements indicate an absorption peak in the range of 0–4 eV in both sample series and the optical band gap of the films decreased with the Ag doping due to its metallic characteristic. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements indicate that the lowest FMR linewidth as 92 Oe is seen in the 1% Ag-doped YIG sample. The relatively cheap and easy production of the used method and additive material may enable the widespread the usage of Ag-doped YIG thin films in magneto-optical devices.

Structural, thermal, optical, morphological, electrical, and photocatalytic characteristics of silver-doped bismuth oxide synthesized by the green route

Herein, silver-doped bismuth oxide compositions with different dopant percentages (0 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 7 %) were synthesized at the nanoscale via the green route. The optical study and photoluminescence spectroscopic analysis proposed the bismuth oxide sample doped with 5 % Ag (ABO-5 %), owing to its lower band gap and lower charge recombination aptitude, as the most potential composition. The synergistic effect of nanotechnology and silver doping on the sample's thermal, optical, morphological, electrical, and photocatalytic properties was investigated in detail. X-ray and infrared spectroscopy tests on pure bismuth oxide (BO) and its most potential doped composition (ABO-5 %), show that silver ions took the place of the host metal ions (Bi3+ ions) and made the parent lattice's structure defective. Doping leads to a decrease in particle size, confirmed by morphological examination. Furthermore, it has been shown that adding an Ag dopant has a beneficial impact on improving electrical conductivity, as the ABO-5 % composition (2.3 × 10−3 Sm−1) possessed a higher specific electrical conductivity than the BO (6.7 × 10−4 Sm−1). These variations enhance the photocatalytic aptitude of the ABO-5 % composition and enable it to mineralize 92 % of Eosin Y (EY) dye within a short exposure time of 49 min under W-lamp illumination. ABO-5 % composition also showed superb stability and restrained 97.2 % EY dye mineralization efficiency after four reusability tests. The scavenging experiment identified the *OH radical as the most potent, while holes were shown to be the least effective in the EY dye degradation process. The new, environmentally friendly ABO-5 % composition would help with future progress in cleaning up the environment by using a photocatalyst.

Improved performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film solar cells by Ag/Ge co-doping

Cation doping is an important approach to improve the performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells. Since different cation dopant has different effects on the defects and crystallization of CZTSSe absorber, it is expected to achieve better device performance via the synergistic effects of double cation co-doping compared with the single cation doping. Herein, we investigated the effects of Ag/Ge co-doping on CZTSSe solar cells by doping Ge in an already optimized Ag-alloyed CZTSSe (ACZTSSe). It is found that incorporating a small amount of Ge can further improve the crystallinity and minority carrier lifetime of ACZTSSe. The low-temperature photoluminescence results reveal that the Ge doping primarily suppressed the SnZn defects in ACZTSSe, thereby further boosting the device performance. However, higher Ge doping concentration can lead to a discontinuous surface morphology, which is believed to be related with the relatively low melting temperature and double-layered structure of ACZTSSe absorber. The deteriorated surface morphology results in photocurrent loss in the near-infrared region and decreased fill factor. As the Ge doping ratio increases, there is a balance between the defects and morphology. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE), 11.4%, was achieved for the Ag/Ge co-doped CZTSSe solar cells at Ge substitution rate of 3%. Compared with the single Ag doping, the average PCE was further promoted by 0.5% due to Ag/Ge co-doping.

Phytoassisted synthesis of CuO and Ag–CuO nanocomposite, characterization, chemical sensing of ammonia, degradation of methylene blue

The elimination of hazardous industrial pollutants from aqueous solutions is an emerging area of scientific research and a worldwide problem. An efficient catalyst, Ag–CuO was synthesized for the degradation of methylene blue, the chemical sensing of ammonia. A simple novel synthetic method was reported in which new plant material Capparis decidua was used for the reduction and stabilization of the synthesized nanocatalyst. A Varying amount of Ag was doped into CuO to optimize the best catalyst that met the required objectives. Through this, the Ag–CuO nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, and FTIR techniques. The mechanism of increased catalytic activity with Ag doping involves the formation of charge sink and suppression of drop back probability of charge from conduction to valance band. Herein, 2.7 mol % Ag–CuO exhibited better catalytic activities and it was used through subsequent catalytic experiments. The experimental conditions such as pH, catalyst dose, analyte initial concentration, and contact time were optimized. The as-synthesized nanocomposite demonstrates an excellent degradation efficacy of MB which is 97% at pH 9. More interestingly, the as-synthesized catalyst was successfully applied for the chemical sensing of ammonia even at very low concentrations. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) also called analytic sensitivity was calculated for ammonia sensing and found to be 1.37 ppm.

Improved catalytic performance of Ag-doped K-OMS-2 for soot oxidation

The catalytic behaviours of pure K-OMS-2 and Ag-doped K-OMS-2 catalysts (5% Ag doping) synthesized using the hydrothermal method are the focus of investigation in this study. To characterize the catalytic performance of these synthesized catalysts, a combination of analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and Soot Temperature Programmed Reduction (Soot TPR), were employed. The analysis of the prepared samples via XRD revealed a nanocrystalline tetragonal structure, with crystal sizes measuring approximately 22.4 nm. Further examination of the samples using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) unveiled nanorods with dimensions of 213 nm in length and 32 nm in width for K-OMS-2. In comparison, Ag-doped K-OMS-2 displayed nanorods with dimensions of 290 nm in length and 26 nm in width. Notably, the incorporation of Ag+ ions into the K-OMS-2 framework led to an increase in the intensities of the 771 and 527 cm−1 bands when compared to the pure K-OMS-2. This increase can be attributed to the replacement of K+ ions with Ag+ ions in the structure. Furthermore, the introduction of Ag+ ions into the K-OMS-2 framework significantly influenced its catalytic activity for soot oxidation, as evidenced by the augmentation of surface-adsorbed and lattice oxygen radicals, as observed in the results of Soot TPR. The doped sample exhibited substantially enhanced catalytic activity for soot oxidation, as indicated by its low T50 of 370 °C. In addition, the incorporation of the dopant was found to enhance the thermal stability of the catalyst.Graphical abstract

Efficient kesterite Ag-alloyed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film solar cells with a front Ag grading distribution enabled by ZnO insert layer

Large open-circuit voltage deficit is still the main factor restricting the performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film solar cells. The high concentration of CuZn defects and [2CuZn + SnZn] defect clusters are believed to be the significant origins of severe band tailing of the kesterite absorber. A promising way to improve the open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the device is substituting Ag+ with a larger ionic radius for Cu+ to suppress the defects and construct a front-graded bandgap. However, the Ag doping in kesterite can significantly lower the melting temperature, which results in difficulties in forming an Ag grading distribution across the absorber due to the strong thermal diffusion. Herein, we innovatively introduce a ZnO insert layer in the precursor film, which is expected to slow down the Ag-Cu interdiffusion during the selenization, thereby forming a desired front-graded bandgap. The Ag grading distribution in absorbers is regulated by the thickness of ZnO insert layer. The effects of ZnO insert layer on the phase compositions, morphologies, optical properties, and photovoltaic performance of Ag-doped kesterite absorbers are investigated.

Temperature-adaptive lubrication of Ag doped Cr2AlC nanocomposite coatings

Self-lubricating nanocomposite carbides and nitrides coatings that enable to exhibit both low friction coefficient (CoF) and high wear resistance over a wide temperature range, are in high demand for mechanical components used in aerospace and marine systems. In this work, we developed high-purity Ag-doped Cr2AlC (Ag–Cr2AlC) nanocomposite coatings using a facile arc/sputter deposition technique followed by annealing. Compared to typical nanocrystalline Cr2AlC MAX phase coatings, the incorporation of Ag resulted in a unique nanocomposite structure, where Ag encapsulates elongated Cr2AlC nanograins. The dry sliding wear of this material was evaluated using the ball-on-disc method, with an Al2O3 ball as the counter body, at temperature ranging from 25 °C to 700 °C. Interestingly, Ag dopants contributed to a significant reduction in COF and wear rate at temperatures below 500 °C, while the synergistic effect of the Ag distributed at grain boundaries and the outermost oxides of Cr2O3 and Al2O3 generated during friction dominated the excellent self-lubrication at 500–700 °C. Notably, the Ag–Cr2AlC coatings promoted the in-situ formation of gradient bilayer oxides, consisting of a loosely coarse-grained inner layer and a densely refine-grained outmost layer. The combination of unique gradient oxides and a combined nanocomposite matrix allows the coating to accommodate plastic strains without extended cracks or localized brittle fracture.

Silver (Ag) doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst for enhanced degradation of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light irradiation

Pharmaceutical industry wastewater is causing an increased risk of resistant pharmaceutical micropollutants (PMP) e.g. antibiotic resistant bacteria (super bug) in the ecosystem. Amongst variety of wastewater treatment approaches, Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) employing photocatalysis provides a cost-effective and sustainable approach for fixation of PMP in an economical and efficient manner to counter the potential risks. Until today, tremendous efforts have been made to trig the performance of photocatalytic wastewater treatment, with the key focus on development of cost-effective, efficient and a moderately stable photocatalyst. Such attempts succeeded with different types of photocatalysts using different synthesis techniques. In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) has emerged as one of the cost effective, moderately stable, nontoxic and efficient photocatalyst, and has been scarcely studied specifically for pharmaceutical micropollutants (PMPs) degradation. Hence, considering these factors alongside the facile synthesis and moderate optical absorption of GCN, an effort was made in the present work with effective customization of GCN i.e. silver (Ag) doping to extend light absorption in visible light range which may enhance the photocatalytic performance for Ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The optimization of photocatalytic performance was executed with varied Ag dopant content to obtain an optimum sample with supreme photocatalytic activity for the maximum degradation of CIP, a common antibiotic. The best Ag-doped GCN sample (0.1 AGCN) exhibits a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 84%, which is 2.15 times greater than pure GCN (39%). The obtained results showed that the strategy of Ag doping substantially enhances the photocatalytic performance, thus offering an efficient mean for developing visible light active photocatalyst for PMP removal and encouraging further research. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples was evaluated by degradation of CIP under visible light irradiation. Several characterization techniques were used to characterize and analyze the prepared samples, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV Visible absorption, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.

Ag-Fe2O3 nanocomposites for synergistically enhanced antibacterial activity

Doping of metal or metal ions in the host lattice with good dopant distribution or forming a local contact boosts materials properties for specific applications. This work used the solution combustion approach (SCA) to synthesize Ag-Fe2O3 nanocomposites (SICs) following the single-source precursor doping strategy with good final material stoichiometry. The elemental distribution and composition, crystallinity, and morphology of SCA-based synthesized materials were analyzed using common techniques such as TEM, FESEM-EDS, and XRD. Even though the Lewis hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) idea was precise for inclusion of Ag dopant in the Fe2O3 lattice, the formation of Schottky junctions between Ag and Fe2O3 is dominance as a result of dopant-host radii size differences. The independent peak for both Ag and Fe2O3 crystals on the XRD pattern analysis without peak shift confirms the dominance of Schottky junction formation. The presence of local contact between Ag and Fe2O3 was also confirmed by the HRTEM analysis, with d-spacing values of 0.22 and 0.36 nm, respectively. Compared to the bare Fe2O3, the antibacterial potential of the SIC is much greater, with a 23-mm zone of inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative bacteria, which confirms the presence of a synergistic effect.

Observation of excellent photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology is the platform with the greatest promise for scientific advancements. One of the advancement is improvement in photocatalytic and antibacterial performance. This work was undertaken to synthesize un-doped and silver (Ag) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using an inexpensive wet chemical method and to investigate the structural and optical properties, photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. The structural analysis from X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of un-doped and Ag-doped ZnO NPs displayed hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and shifting in the peak position confirms the incorporation of Ag in ZnO lattice. Morphological study done by scanning electron microscope reveals spherical shaped NPs and an increase in grain size with Ag doping, the HRTEM images showed the nanocrystalline nature of particle. The Raman spectra showed variation in vibrational characteristics of the nanoparticles with Ag doping. The functional groups were analyzed using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical properties were investigated by UV-visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic techniques. The Ag-doped ZnO NPs have a notably lower band gap than that of un-doped ZnO NPs, i.e. from 3.04 eV to 2.81 eV as studied by UV-visible spectra. The PL study showed decrease in intensity at near band edge emission with increase in Ag doping concentration indicating reduction in the free charge carrier recombination. These variations in the properties play major role in the enhancement of photocatalytic and antibacterial activity with increase in Ag doping concentration as compared to un-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. The photo degradation efficiency of 99.12 ± 1% against Methylene Blue dye was achieved in the shortest period of 45 minutes ever reported when irradiated under the solar light and efficiency of 97.33 ± 1% was achieved in 15 min under Xenon Short Arc lamp. The antibacterial study was conducted using the Agar well diffusion method where the diameter of the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was increased from 14 mm to 20 mm and 13 mm to 18 mm against the bacteria Escherchia coli and Bacillus subtilis respectively, rendering this material suitable for photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial applications.

Fabrication of TiO2-Ag composites for working electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells

A solar cell is a device that can convert solar energy into electrical energy. The third generation of solar cells is Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). Typically, DSSC consists of a working electrode (semiconductive metal oxide), a photosensitizer, an electrolyte, and a counter electrode (platinum or carbon electrode). Among the components, a working electrode is one of the crucial components to control the electrochemical performance. This study examines variations in Ag composition in TiO2-Ag composites against efficiency using two materials and fabrication methods. First, using the solid-state method, TiO2-Ag composites were fabricated from Ag paste and TiO2 paste. The highest efficiency results were achieved at TiO2 N-RT + Ag 1%. The efficiency increased from 1.05% to 1.51% compared to TiO2 without Ag doping. Second, using the solvothermal method, TiO2-Ag composites were fabricated from AgNO3 and TiO2 particles. The highest efficiency results were obtained at TiO2 NP + Ag 0.75%. The efficiency increased from 0.82% to 1.07% compared to TiO2 without Ag doping. Furthermore, the material with the best efficiency was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to identify the material’s functional groups, phases, and morphology, respectively.

Regulation of magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy of magnetite by doping transition metal elements

Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles show promising applications in nanomedicine. The saturation magnetization (<i>M</i><sub>S</sub>) and magnetic anisotropy are critical for the applications of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles in drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia. Here, by density functional computation, the doping effects of 3d and 4d transition metal elements (including Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd) on the magnetic properties of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are investigated in-depth. A conventional cell of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, containing 24 Fe atoms and 32 O atoms, has been used to investigate the doping of group III elements. One 3d or 4d atom is doped in one conventional cell of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, resulting in the formation of X<sub>0.125</sub>Fe<sub>2.875</sub>O<sub>4</sub> where X represents the dopant. The results show that the doping of most 3d and 4d transition metal elements will reduce the total magnetic moment, while the doping of Ag, Zn and Cd in Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> will increase the total magnetic moment by 19%–22%. However, it is hard to dope Ag into Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> according to the positive formation energy. Therefore, Zn and Cd are good candidates to improve the <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The doping of Zn and Cd has also an influence on the magnetic anisotropy of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. For Zn<sub>0.125</sub>Fe<sub>2.875</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, the magnetic anisotropy energy is about 0.25 meV per cell, which is slightly larger than that of intrinsic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (0.2 meV per cell). Interestingly, the doping of Cd (Cd<sub>0.125</sub>Fe<sub>2.875</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) will greatly increase the magnetic anisotropy energy to 0.8 meV per cell, which is significant for the specific absorption rate in the magnetic hyperthermia application. In addition, the doping of Zn and Cd will not induce any defect states in the band gap according to the density of states. Zn<sub>0.125</sub>Fe<sub>2.875</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Cd<sub>0.125</sub>Fe<sub>2.875</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are both semiconducting and both the top of valence band and the bottom of conduction band originate from octahedral Fe. This is because the impurity states are very deep in energy. Our research results show that doping Cd is a feasible way to improve the performance of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a material for drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia.

Reducing carrier recombination loss by suppressing Sn loss and defect formation via Ag doping in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells

The position of Ag of the CZTSSe precursor significantly impacts the carrier recombination loss and overall efficiency, offering crucial insights for optimizing the CZTSSe solar cell design.

High-pressure effects on the electronic properties and photoluminescence of Ag-doped CsCu2I3.

CsCu2I3 is a popular lead-free metal halide perovskite with good thermal and air stability. To facilitate its applications in optoelectronics, Ag doping and high pressure are employed in this work to improve the optoelectronic properties of CsCu2I3. Using first-principles calculations and experiments, the structural phase change of 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3 is found to occur at about 4.0 GPa. This reveals the regulation of band structures by hydrostatic pressure. In addition, the high pressure not only increases the emission energy of photoluminescence of 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3 by more than 0.2 eV, but also increases the emission intensity by multiple times. Finally, the origin of luminescence in 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3 is attributed to the I vacancies. This work provides insight into the structure and optoelectronic properties of 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3, and offers significant guidance for the design and manufacturing of future luminescence devices.

Synthesis of RhH-doped Au-Ag alloy nanoclusters and dopant evolution.

Doping atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with heterometals is a powerful method for tuning the physicochemical properties of the original NCs at the atomic level. While the heterometals incorporated into metal NCs are limited to group 10-12 metals with closed d-shells, the doping of open d-shell metals remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report the synthesis of Rh-doped Au-Ag alloy NCs by a metal-exchange reaction of [RhHAg24(SPhMe2)18]2- NCs with an Au-thiolate complex. Combined experimental and theoretical structural studies revealed that the synthesized product is a dianionic [RhHAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]2- NC (x = 8-12), consisting of RhH dopant, Au-rich kernel, and Ag-thiolate staple motifs, with the superatomic 8-electron configuration (1S21P6). Under aerobic conditions, the synthesized NCs underwent kernel evolution to generate a 6-electron [RhAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]1- NC (1S21P4), which was initiated by the desorption of hydride from the kernel. Structural analysis of the [RhHAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]2- NC suggests that the kernel evolution is induced by the change in chemical bonds surrounding the hydride in the Au-rich kernel.

A combined experimental and modelling approach for the evaluation of the thermoelectric properties of Ag-doped SnS

We report for the first time a combined computational and experimental study of the impact of Ag doping on the thermoelectric properties of SnS and introduce a fitting procedure to determine parameters that cannot easily be determined experimentally.

CaTiO3: Influence of Ag Doping on Photocatalytic Activity for Application in Rhodamine B dye Removal

CaTiO3: Influence of Ag Doping on Photocatalytic Activity for Application in Rhodamine B dye Removal

Enhanced gas sensing performance of Ag-Doped BiFeO3 microspheres synthesized via flash auto combustion technology

This investigation demonstrates the successful synthesis of well-crystallized pristine and Ag-doped BiFeO3 microspheres using flash auto combustion technology. The effects of Ag doping on the morphology and microstructural characteristics were thoroughly examined through SEM, EDS, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Gas sensing experiments were performed to evaluate the response of the synthesized materials to NO gas. The results revealed a remarkable enhancement in the gas sensing capabilities of 5% wt Ag-doped BiFeO3 compared to pure BiFeO3. Specifically, the gas response towards NO was found to be 2.4 times higher for Ag-doped BiFeO3. This significant improvement can be attributed to the presence of Ag atoms within the lattice structure, which not only increased the density of holes in the material but also created additional gas molecule adsorption sites. Furthermore, the Ag dopant exhibited a catalytic effect, contributing to the excellent gas sensor performance of the material. These findings hold great promise for the development of highly sensitive and efficient gas sensors, particularly in applications where the detection of low concentrations of NO is crucial. The utilization of flash auto combustion technology in the synthesis process offers a viable route for scalable production of advanced gas sensing materials with enhanced performance.

Unraveling the impact of Ag dopant in Zn–In–S colloidal nanocrystals for boosting visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Ag doped Zn–In–S colloidal nanocrystals.