Emotional Labor Research Articles

헉슬리의 『멋진 신세계』에 나타난 여성 유토피아 비전과 철인 통치 국가론

This article examines the vision of gender utopia presented in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and explores its utopian possibilities in Mustapha’s World State, which is compared to the philosopher-ruled state in Plato’s Republic. The theme of utopia has been approached differently in liberalism and socialism: liberal utopia prioritizes individual freedom, while socialist utopia emphasizes egalitarian community. The World State in The Brave New World abolishes patriarchy with advanced scientific and technological civilization and depicts a gender utopia without female reproductive labor, emotional labor, and care labor, while the actual main woman characters such as Lenina and Linda suffer pain and death. Therefore, Huxley’s World State represents an ideal gender utopia, while the female characters are evaluated based on their appearance and live tragic lives due to excessive national norms enforcing order. On the other hand, Mustapha’s World State embodies some of the ideal state described in Plato’s Republic, and the two polities are similar in that they are class societies based on stability ruled by philosophers. However, the World State places too much emphasis on community stability, suppressing individual freedom, emphasizing sensual pleasure rather than spiritual happiness, Eudaimonia of Plato’s polity. Eventually, Huxley’s utopia has an ideal structure of gender equality, but the women living there are not so happy. Although it is excellent in terms of stability and efficiency as an ideal politeia ruled by a philosopher, it has limitations that its educational method is rather oppressive, only indulges in pleasure, then represents a failed gender utopia in the end.

중국 외식업 서비스 종사원의 감정노동성향과 친사회적 동기 및 제언행동 간의 관계 연구

중국 외식업 서비스 종사원의 감정노동성향과 친사회적 동기 및 제언행동 간의 관계 연구

초임사회복지사의 감정노동 경험연구

This study aimed to explore the experiences of emotional labor among novice social workers. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight novice social workers, within their first three years of employment, working in cities and counties in Chungcheongnam-do, followed by qualitative analysis. The essence of the emotional labor of novice social workers was extracted into 14 sub-components and 6 core meanings. Participants work as professionals, but the environments they work in are different from what they expected. Social workers' duties sometimes escalate into various violent situations from problematic clients, and they also experience fear of intervening in someone's life. They feel stifled by the demands of the bureaucratic hierarchy. Despite choosing this path willingly, they contemplate whether to pursue a different career but seek to rediscover their calling as social workers. They strive to grow as professionals and hope for measures to prevent emotional labor so that social workers can continue working sustainably. Lastly, this study is significant in that it identifies the reality of emotional labor among novice social workers, providing policy and practical evidence. However, the study is limited in its generalizability as it only involves novice social workers in municipal facilities in the Chungcheongnam region.

A Study on the Effect of Emotional Labor of Bakery Cafe Service Employees on Job Burnout and Turnover Intention - Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Job Stress -

A Study on the Effect of Emotional Labor of Bakery Cafe Service Employees on Job Burnout and Turnover Intention - Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Job Stress -

Getting into flow during virtual meetings: How virtual meetings can benefit employee functioning in the work- and home domain

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a majority of the global workforce turned to virtual meetings for work-related communication and continues to do so as part of the shift to hybrid work. This change in communication patterns has led to an increased scholarly emphasis on the costs of virtual meetings for employees. The present study adds to this emerging field of research by taking a theory-led approach to highlight that alongside costs there are benefits to spending time in virtual meetings for employee functioning. Specifically, we integrate the concept of flow experiences and the Conservation of Resources theory to expand our understanding of the psychological mechanisms that link daily time spent in virtual meetings to employees' functioning in the work (i.e., task performance and counterproductive work behavior) and home domains (i.e., work-family conflict and need for recovery). More specifically, we argue that the benefits of virtual meetings manifest through flow experiences and associated reduced within-day changes in cognitive depletion. Furthermore, we identify low emotional dissonance as a contingency in virtual meetings that can strengthen the benefits of this mode of computer mediated communication. Results from two daily diary studies largely support the hypothesized relationships. Our findings have important theoretical and practical implications for employee functioning in the ‘new normal’ of hybrid work.

From Mammy to Big Mama: Caring for Collections on Our Own Terms

Hallie Q. Brown Community Center (the Center) began as a settlement house in 1929. It has and continues to serve the predominately Black neighborhood, commonly known as Rondo, in Saint Paul, MN. I am the first professional archivist hired by the Center and, as such, I was the first to establish workflows, implement standards, and provide easy access to the Center’s archival collections. Yet, I was trained to be an archivist by white people at predominately white institutions and have learned over time that not all the frameworks, ideas, and expectations impressed upon me apply in community archives which serve Black people. In this paper I will discuss the underappreciated social and emotional labors involved in being a Black woman in charge of a community archive, which serves a historically Black community, and was initially led by Black women. I will explore aspects of internal colonialism, catalog description, and efforts in community collaboration and outreach as it relates to collections entrusted to the Hallie Q. Brown Community Archives (HQBCA). This paper will offer a vignette into the journey of a professional serving the majority as a minority in collections care, to serving an underrepresented community as a fellow member of a marginalized group.

Analysis of the Role of the Comprehensive Guided Labor Nursing Intervention in Improving Maternal Adverse Emotions

Objective: To analyze the application value of the comprehensive guided labor nursing model in improving maternal negative emotions. Methods: Eighty cases of mothers admitted to the hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were sampled and randomly grouped, with comprehensive guided labor nursing intervention included in Group A and conventional care included in Group B. Emotion scores, labor and delivery, pregnancy outcomes, and nursing satisfaction were compared. Results: Maternal self-rating anxiety (SAS) and depression (SDS) scale scores were lower in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.05). Maternal visual analog scores (VAS) and postpartum hemorrhage were lower in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.05). Additionally, the duration of each stage of labor was shorter than in Group B (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was lower in Group A than in Group B, and the rate of spontaneous deliveries was higher in Group A compared to Group B (P < 0.05). Furthermore, nursing care satisfaction was higher in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.05). Overall, Group A had a higher rate of maternal nursing satisfaction than Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive guided labor nursing can shorten the duration of labor, reduce postpartum hemorrhage, and decrease the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, thereby contributing to the improvement of maternal mood. This approach proves to be efficient and feasible in clinical practice.

‘Hazardous on My Soul’: (Dis)compassion and Emotive Dissonance in Prison Work

Abstract A history of social research has aimed to illuminate consequences for the psyche of workers that carry out occupations in dehumanizing contexts. In criminology, scholarship has detailed concern over how carceral contexts produce detriment via emotional labour for workers. Although prison work has been shown to necessitate emotional suppression, studies also find workers can bear intimacy for the incarcerated. We contribute to the prison scholarship by illustrating these emotive paradoxes that represent dissonance for staff. We draw from 18 focus groups of staff, to examine how emotive dissonance manifests from contradictory feeling rules in prison work. We explore emotive disharmony among the workgroup that comes from opposing feeling rules, and, we explore how workers experience with emotive dissonance manifests as emotional estrangement. Our findings help contemplate the implications of navigating emotion within dehumanizing contexts and illustrate that how staff treat the incarcerated has implications for their own sense of humanity.

The Effect of Emotional Labor on Psychological Well-Being in the Context of South Korean Firefighters: The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership.

Drawing on insights from the conservation of resources theory and the job demands-resources theory, our study investigates the association between two types of emotional labor-surface and deep acting-and the psychological well-being of firefighters. In addition, it investigates the moderating effect of transformational leadership within this context. To this end, this study utilizes ordinary least squares models to analyze survey data from 1453 firefighters in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's largest province by population. The findings reveal a negative association between both types of emotional labor and the psychological well-being of firefighters. The study further demonstrates that transformational leadership mitigates the adverse effects of surface acting on psychological well-being. Our research indicates that transformational leadership plays a pivotal role in replenishing lost emotional resources, thereby enhancing the mental and emotional health of those engaged in demanding roles such as firefighting and emergency medical services. Accordingly, the study highlights a vital strategy for maintaining the psychological well-being of firefighters.

An exploration of how dominant discourses steer U.K. strength and conditioning coach education

ABSTRACT Psychosocial coaching competencies, including psychological, pedagogical, philosophical, and sociocultural aspects, which underpin an athlete-centred coaching approach, have been largely overlooked by the United Kingdom Strength and Conditioning Association (UKSCA) coach education. It is possible to understand why psychosocial competencies have been disregarded by critiquing how stakeholders’ perceptions, such as board members, tutors, assessors, who are responsible for coach education, have been shaped by dominant discourses within sport culture. The purpose of this study is to understand and critique UKSCA stakeholders’ perceptions of psychosocial coaching practices through the lenses of dominant discourses in Strength and Conditioning (S&C) coaching. Thirty stakeholders took part in one-to-one semi-structured interviews. To prompt discussion for the interviews, they were shown video vignettes depicting psychosocial coaching competencies. The data were analysed in two phases. First, a thematic analysis deduced participants’ understandings of the competencies built into each vignette. Second, a poststructural discourse analysis critiqued how a performance-scientific coaching discourse and a discourse of orthodox masculinity impacted stakeholders’ perceptions. The results indicate that stakeholders’ perceptions of psychological and pedagogical effective coaching approaches focused on athletic performance, which disregarding the well-being and personal development of the athlete. Stakeholders also recognised overt sexist coaching practice, which suggest some appraisal of sociocultural and philosophical competencies. Yet, covert sexist microaggressions towards female coaches were often accepted as banter and female coaches’ emotional labour were not recognised. This study advances the literature by showing how the dominant culture of performance-scientific coaching and orthodox masculinity shape what is accepted as effective coaching practice. Such coaching practice de-emphasises psychosocial coaching competencies and limits the impact of equity, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) strategies, as well as the holistic development of both athletes and S&C coaches.

Job characteristics and employee outcomes: criterion validity of the U.S. Occupational Information Network (O*NET) job analysis database in the Australian context

ABSTRACT Occupational Information Network (O*NET) is a comprehensive job analysis repository, developed and periodically updated in the U.S. The study aims to validate O*NET in the Australian context and illustrate the potential to use O*NET as a source of robust occupational research data internationally. We first link O*NET data at the occupational level with individual-level data in the Australian Workplace Barometer (AWB) database containing a sample of 3,829 individuals working in 209 occupations. We then conceptually replicate the primary hypothesized relationships from nine published studies that used O*NET ratings of four job characteristics (job hazards, emotional labour requirements, job autonomy, and task significance) to predict work-related outcomes. Specifically, we selected the same O*NET job descriptors used in the nine studies and linked them to similar but not identical employee outcomes obtained from the AWB database. Multi-level analyses showed that the hypothesized relationships were predominantly supported at the occupational level, demonstrating the criterion validity of the O*NET job characteristic profiles in the Australian context. Overall, our research highlights the potential to use O*NET in research and policy applications on a broader international scale, predicated on obtaining solid validation evidence.

Teachers’ affective and physical well-being: emotional intelligence, emotional labour and implications for leadership

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of teachers’ emotional intelligence (EI) and emotional labour (EL) strategies in their affective and physical well-being.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative data were collected from 436 primary school teachers. Likert-type scales were used to measure the variables. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed for the construct validity of the scales, and path analysis was used to test the hypothesised model.FindingsThe final structural equation model suggests that teachers' EI levels and display of appropriate EL strategies significantly reduce their stress, anxiety, burnout and psychosomatic complaints (PSCs). The final model shows that the deep acting strategy, which includes more adaptive emotion regulation strategies, improves teachers’ affective and physical well-being, while the surface acting strategy has a detrimental effect on their well-being.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first in the literature to highlight the importance of school teachers’ EI and EL strategies in managing stress, anxiety, burnout (affective well-being),and alleviating PSCs (physical well-being) within a single structural equation model. The findings have implications for educational leaders in fostering teachers’ emotional competencies and resources.

Emotional labor as emotion regulation investigated with ecological momentary assessment – a scoping review

BackgroundThis scoping review’s aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of ecological momentary assessment (EMA)- based research on emotional labor (EL) as emotion regulation (ER). This includes an examination of the theoretical foundation this research builds on, how the hypothesized relationships are investigated using EMA methods as well as the studies’ findings themselves. We built on the work of Grandey and Melloy (J Occup Health Psychol 22:407–22, 2004), who broadly distinguished between the two regulatory strategies of deep acting (DA) and surface acting (SA), embedded in a hierarchical model of emotional labor, as a guiding theory for structuring this review.MethodsTo be included, studies had to use EMA to measure SA or DA, with no restrictions regarding population and date of publication. The electronic databases CINAHL, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched. Studies were included if they met the above criteria and were written in English or German. Out of 237 publications, 12 were chosen for this review.ResultsAll studies were based on emotional labor theories, with Arlie Hochschild’s theory being the most popular, followed by Alicia Grandey's emotional labor theory and its modifications (Grandey AA. Emotion Regulation in the Workplace: A New Way to Conceptualize Emotional Labor; Grandey AA. When “the show must go on”: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. 2003). The methodological quality of the studies varied greatly. The results of the studies indicate that SA is influenced by negative events, trait SA, service innovation and certain emotions, while DA is influenced by positive events and emotional intelligence. Emotional labor benefits the organization, e.g., by improving customer conflict handling, but also causes harm by increasing employee withdrawal behavior. For the employee, emotional labor results in more harm than benefits.Conclusions The research area is still in its early stages and the findings are mostly consistent, but the small number of studies needs to be replicated to increase the reliability of the results. The lack of evidence for ertain hypotheses highlights the presence of unresolved relationships that require further exploration. We are only at the beginning of investigating emotional labor using ecological momentary assessment, and conducting more high-quality studies will significantly enhance our comprehension of emotional labor.

Emotional Exhaustion in Healthcare Workers: Moving Beyond Coping Skills to Improve Organizational Conditions.

Emotional exhaustion (EE)-the first stage of burnout-is related to preventable work environment exposures. We examined the understudied impact of organizational support for safety (OSS) and safety hazards (SH) on EE in a mixed licensed and unlicensed population of healthcare workers (HCWs). A work environment exposures survey was conducted in five US public healthcare facilities in 2018-2019. A total of 1059 questionnaires were collected from a predominantly female population of mixed HCWs. Mean EE scores were higher among women, direct care workers, and younger subjects. In linear regression models, EE was positively associated with SH, emotional labor, psychological demands, physical demands, job strain, assault, and negative acts, while OSS was negatively associated. Safety hazard s both mediated and moderated the relationship between OSS and EE. When perception of SH is high, OSS has less impact on reducing EE, suggesting a need to effectively put safety policies to practice for improving EE in HCWS.

How Institutional Logics Inform Emotional Labour: An Ethnography of Junior Doctors

Sociological analysis of emotional labour can be aided by considering how institutional logics inform the performance of emotional labour. We consider the link between institutional logics and emotional labour by conducting an in-depth case study of junior doctors in a large UK hospital. We point to three key institutional logics – bureaucratic, consumerist and professional logics – and show how they inform the emotional labour of junior doctors. We also consider how doctors respond to these logics through enactment processes of choice, resistance and negotiation. In this way, we make an important theoretical contribution by identifying the way that institutional logics relate to the performance of emotional labour. We also make an important empirical contribution by contributing to a growing body of ethnographies on the emotional labour of doctors.

Predicting frontline employees' emotional labor after suffering customer incivility: A job passion perspective

The phenomenon of customer incivility poses significant challenges for frontline employees whose expression of emotion determines the service experience. Few studies have explored the mediating mechanisms linking customer incivility to frontline employees' emotional labor. Drawing on the dualistic model of job passion theory, we proposed job passion as a feasible mediator of the links from customer incivility to frontline employees' emotional labor. Using data from 1040 frontline employees across the retailing, banking, and hospitality sectors, the results indicate that job passion acts as the psychological mechanism underlying the relationships between customer incivility and frontline employees' emotional labor. Specifically, customer incivility is positively associated with frontline employees' surface acting through both obsessive passion and harmonious passion. Conversely, customer incivility is negatively linked with deep acting only through harmonious passion. Our findings clarify the psychological mechanisms through which customer incivility affects frontline employees' emotional labor from the perspective of job passion. Furthermore, the current study also extends the job passion model to the boundary-spanning context to explain how frontline employees respond to customer incivility. This study sheds light on how service practitioners can support frontline employees in dealing with customer incivility.

Emotional labor and burnout among nurses in Iran: core self-evaluations as mediator and moderator

BackgroundThis study investigated the mediating and moderating impact of core self-evaluations in the path from emotional labor to burnout. Our hypothesized associations are based on Hobfoll (Rev Gen Psychol 6:307–24, 2002) conservation of resources theory.MethodThree hundred nurses from four hospitals in Abadan, Iran, were invited to participate in our study. Of the 300, 255 completed all sections and questions in our survey for an 85% response rate. The posited direct and indirect effects were evaluated with structural equation modeling and the interaction effects were evaluated with hierarchical moderated regression and simple regression slope plots.ResultDeep acting has indirect effects on burnout through core self-evaluations. Though unrelated to surface acting, core self-evaluations moderate its impact: under low core self-evaluations, surface acting is strongly related to emotional exhaustion and inversely related to personal accomplishment, whereas, under high core self-evaluations, surface acting is unrelated to these burnout dimensions.ConclusionOur findings reveal the dual functions of CSE as a psychological resource and buffer to offset the interpersonal demands of patient care. Limitations, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.

Working with pride in the shadow of shame: Emotional dissonance and identity work during a corporate scandal

The relationship between emotions and identity work is well established, yet the dynamic between emotional dissonance and identity work remains under-researched in organizational studies. We explore this relationship in the context of organizational scandal, examining the required and experienced emotions of organizational members when ‘working in the shadow of shame’. Drawing on an in-depth ethnographic study of Danske Bank collected at the peak of its money-laundering scandal, the article makes two contributions to the emerging interest in the intertwined nature of emotions and identity in organizations. First, we challenge the literature on emotional dissonance by demonstrating that employees do not attempt to resolve or reduce their emotional dissonance, but instead sustain it. Second, we advance the literature on identity work by showing how emotional dissonance can be understood as a trigger and resource for strategic and preferred identity work to maintain a positive social identity and self-identity.

Mental health effects of working as a legal professional in the field of asylum law: a systematic review

AimsLegal professionals work closely with asylum seekers at many points during an asylum claim. While there is an increasing literature examining the mental health effects of working with traumatised populations,...

Occupational stigma perception and emotional labor: the role of Ambivalent occupational identification and leaders’ emotional intelligence

Occupational stigma perception and emotional labor: the role of Ambivalent occupational identification and leaders’ emotional intelligence