Affective Bonds Research Articles

Collective Understanding, Radicalism, and Literary History, 1645–1742 by Melissa Mowry

Reviewed by: Collective Understanding, Radicalism, and Literary History, 1645–1742 by Melissa Mowry Peter Degabriele Melissa Mowry, Collective Understanding, Radicalism, and Literary History, 1645–1742 (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2021). Pp. 250; 3 illus. $80.00 cloth. Melissa Mowry's Collective Understanding, Radicalism, and Literary History follows the traces of a non-elite communal practice of hermeneutics and a collectivist politics in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English literary history. The book has five chapters, the first of which functions as an introduction, as well as a short but provocative coda. Throughout, Mowry looks to the Levellers as the positive articulation of a collective hermeneutics that she claims has been buried by the standard narrative of the rise of liberal individualism, and she argues that the political and literary history of the period she examines should be reconceived as a consistent attempt to eradicate this collectivism in favor of a conservative individualism. This is in stark contrast to the conventional narrative of early eighteenth-century political and literary history which argues that an individualist ideology produced a new liberal and anti-absolutist politics. For Mowry, by contrast, the theater of the Restoration and early novels by Defoe worked tirelessly to disavow the possibility of collectivist thought and politics. This refraction of the traditional narrative throws up some surprising and enlightening results. The Tory Aphra Behn and the dissenting Whig Daniel Defoe, for instance, are, in Mowry's account, engaged in the same political project of anti-collectivism rather than existing on opposite sides of a partisan political spectrum. This new lens thus reorients our vision of this period and stands as a profound challenge to conventional ways of understanding the relation of Restoration and early eighteenth-century literature to political ideology. Collective Understanding models a new form of literary criticism that Mowry terms collective hermeneutics. Mowry's reading of the Leveller tradition in the second chapter of the book demonstrates this practice by paying attention to the ways in which texts "articulate relationships rather than statements/principles/ideas, or even identities" (13). This method allows Mowry to recover the contribution of Leveller women to the political praxis of the group, and to demonstrate the way Leveller texts worked by producing affective relationships. These relationships, Mowry argues, are the very basis of political association for the Levellers, a communal political thought that forthrightly challenges the sovereign exceptionalism being developed contemporaneously by theorists such as Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin. Mowry argues that instead of a popular sovereignty that would grant "the commonalty the sovereign power of exceptionalism," the Levellers claimed "a more fluid and socially grounded account of authority, stabilized through the affective bonds of collectivity" (57). Mowry deftly recovers this theory of association by her method of reading Leveller writings, a process in which instead of focusing on ideas or individual authorship, she follows traces of collective and social production of texts, from authorship, to printing, to distribution. The claim that Mowry makes through her practice is a significant one: that the kind of liberal, individualist criticism we are accustomed to practice makes it impossible for us to see the very collectivity characteristic of the Leveller movement, and that only a changed critical practice can recover a communitarian and sociable politics. The final three chapters of Collective Understanding focus not so much on tracing the positive development of a collectivist politics, as on finding the remnants of this collectivism in literary and ideological works that are determined [End Page 484] to erase it. Chapter 3 argues that attending to the work of William Davenant and Aphra Behn can demonstrate that "the royalist push to regain cultural authority over the late seventeenth century" enlisted literature to "secure the value and cultural centrality of exceptionalism and singularity" (129). Mowry thus reads the Restoration period as an ideological battle between an alliance of sovereignty and singularity against collectivism. The most interesting account of this battle comes in Mowry's readings of Behn's rewriting of the history of Bacon's rebellion in The Widdow Ranter. The play, for Mowry, is an "indictment of collectivity" (123) in which the "aggregated authority of the first-hand accounts" on which Behn's (and others') knowledge of the...

THE EFFECTS OF CARRYING THE M-SHAPE METHOD ON BONDING ATTACHMENT AND INFANT'S SLEEP QUALITY

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Carrying an infant using M-shape method is vital in creating a bond of affection (bonding attachment) between mother and infant. Carrying using the M-shape method makes the infant calmer and sleeps easier, because the face of infant facing the person carrying them</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of the study was to determine the effect of carrying the M-shape method on bonding attachment and infant’s sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This research was analytic correlational design with cross sectional approach. It was conducted in Pare Kediri, East Java, Indonesia on June, 9th to 25th 2022. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The population were all infants 6 to 12 month amount 94 and the sample size were 72 infants. The research data used primary data through interviews. The independent variable was carrying the M-shape method, while the dependent variable were bonding attachment and infant’s sleep quality. The research instrument were questionnaires. The data was analyze by Wilcoxon Sign Ranked Test.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The result showed that 58,3% were 10-12 months old, 70,8% were the youngest child in their family, (52,8%) had carrying duration for more than an hour a day, and 68,1% were carried most dominantly by their parents. P-value were 0.000 and 0.002 , meaning that there were effects of carrying the M-shape method on bonding attachment and the infant's sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Carrying with M-shape was an alternative in avoiding the wrong position when carrying and can be done from the beginning of newborn.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>

Le groupe comme enveloppe psychique en temps de pandémie et de barbarie au Brésil

ContextThe context experienced by the Brazilian population in 2020 was, and has remained, one of precariousness regarding health, economics, and politics. A platform was created in March of that year, where more than 4200 psychologists voluntarily registered to provide online assistance to healthcare professionals on the front-line of the combat against COVID-19. The project also included support network for these psychologists. ObjectivesThis article aims to present and discuss one of the modes of support offered by the platform: the “elaboration groups” by showing the constitution of their psychic envelope. MethodThis article takes the form of a case study based on the concept of psychic envelope developed by the theories of Anzieu, Houzel and Ciccone. For the purpose of this analysis, the scenes of two groups were brought together, one coordinated by two coordinators and the other by one. The main objective of the groups was to provide a space where the participants could discuss and think about the clinical experience they were having in the project. ResultsWe can distinguish three moments in the history of the groups: a first one, of formation, during which the psychologists arrived trying to create contours and exchange, but in a desperate and rigid way. However, the capacity developed by the groups to welcome what everyone had to say allowed the creation of an extremely affectionate bond between the participants. A second moment, when the recognition of the importance of the encounter with the other and the recovery of individual capacities generated a return to culture and to the social pact. And finally, the moment when the groups were coming to an end, which served as a ritual in the process of mourning the “life” that each person had lived, allowing the release of each one's libido for the constitution of new life projects. ConclusionWe noticed that the notion of who was the real patient of the platform tended to get lost, as the psychologists also relied on the network to cope with their anguish. Two tasks were thus fulfilled: the one initially foreseen of support to the assistance given by the psychologists to the healthcare professionals; and another, of a psychic envelope sufficiently firm and elastic to allow a quantum of drive connection necessary to survive and dream.

A CONSTRUÇÃO DO VÍNCULO MÃE-BEBÊ PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL NA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA

This study assumes that when a baby has its demands met by the environment in which it is inserted, a well-established bond with its mother and/or caregivers can start its process of finding itself, seeking to develop its autonomy and independence. The present study aims to investigate the affective bond between mother and baby when the child remains full-time in a daycare. Studying the bonds between mothers and babies, in this context, is relevant to think about strategies and actions for health promotion. Regarding the methodology, it is a qualitative and exploratory field research. Five mothers with children up to 1 year and 3 months old participated in this study, who during the day remain in full-time municipal and private schools, in a municipality in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. For data collection, a semi-structured interview was carried out and the necessary ethical principles were met. With this study, it was observed that the mothers interviewed, each in their own way, seek to interact with their children in different ways when they are not at school. It has been also found that mothers with a support network are able to dedicate more of their time to their babies, while mothers who have the network for less time are able to dedicate themselves less due to household chores, but both are dedicate. It was understood that it is possible to develop a good bond, even not being together all day.

PEDAGOGIA HUMANIZADA: IMPORTÂNCIA DO VÍNCULO AFETIVO PROFESSOR/ ALUNO PARA DESPERTAR A CULTURA DE PAZ DESDE A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL RESUMO

This thesis values the affective bond between teacher -student and considers that, nowadays, only a humanized pedagogy will enable the awaken of a culture of peace at school since pre-school times. The main objective is to presente this humanized pedagogy, as an instrument to the professional pedagogue, so he or she can work in pre-school, and also, to enrich the teacher-student bond, to arise the culture of peace in that specific educational level. Some problematizations led to the research process. Which goals are: to demonstrate how the professional pedagogue, working in pre-school, can arise the culture of peace in his or her educational segment. Understand the human development implicit in the humanized pedagogy. Analize the importance of the teacher-student bond, as a learning enabler. Elucidate the term culture of peace, focusing on the education for peace. The theories of Paulo Freire, Jean Piaget, Henri Paul Hyacinthe Wallon, Lev Vygotsky, Martin Buber, Célia Passos, Howard Gardner and Marshall Rosenberg formed the main theoretical references analyzed.

Leisure, Culture and Territory: A Social Cartography in Two Suburbs of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

The objective of this study was to investigate the articulation among leisure, culture and territory in the urban contexts of the suburbs, through the social and affective bonds that people establish with the place where they live, work and enjoy leisure. The focus of this analysis is the appropriation of leisure by people who work and attend events at cultural associations that are recognized as “Culture Point” in Belo Horizonte, which is the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. The methodology had a qualitative approach and included bibliographic and field research in two neighborhoods in the outskirts of that city, which included observations and interviews with eight people connected with the two cultural associations surveyed. The results were organized through the discussion of four categories: Territory Identity, Collective Memory, Sense of Place (Belonging) and Community Leisure. The survey showed that leisure and culture play a crucial role in connecting human beings with the territory. In this context, each social subject expresses, both consciously and unconsciously, their subjectivity in close relationship with the peripheral areas in which they live.

Industry and Inheritance at Hellenistic Morgantina

Recent excavations of a modestly appointed house at the site of Morgantina in east-central Sicily recovered 175 loom weights or fragments thereof. In this study, we combine a detailed contextual analysis with new methodologies developed by the Center for Textile Research in Copenhagen in order to provide a comprehensive assessment of textile production in this house, the House of the Two Mills. Using these methods, we are able to identify the specific weights within the larger assemblage that most probably formed a single set, used together for weaving at this location. Moreover, the results of this analysis indicate that the loom weights that constituted this set would not have been produced and acquired all at once, but must have been accumulated by the household slowly over time. We propose that the most probable mechanism by which this slow process of accumulation played out would have been through household members passing down these textile tools as heirlooms across generations. We argue that in the process these weights would have been viewed by their users as having a value beyond their mere utilitarian function, instead becoming materializations of memory and the affective bonds formed in the intergenerational transfer of craft traditions. We conclude by considering the implications of this argument for the study of heirloom objects in archaeology and how a contextual understanding of broader Greek social institutions and practices can aid us in parsing peculiarities of the archaeological record.

Intertextual Continuities: Intergenerational, Multimodal, and Translingual Knowledge Production in Literature by Black German-speaking Authors

Intertextual Continuities:Intergenerational, Multimodal, and Translingual Knowledge Production in Literature by Black German-speaking Authors Andrea Dawn Bryant (bio) In her 1997 article "The Challenge of 'Missing Contents' for Canon Formation in German Studies," literature scholar Elke Frederikson commences a well-versed and intertextual reckoning with the power of the canon to limit and exclude large portions of the human experience1 by recalling a comment by Paul Lauter listing multiculturalism and feminism as something requiring one "to learn new texts, new histories, new conceptions of culture" in ways that open, rather than close, one's mind.2 In my book project, I grapple with issues of canonization, community, and humanity as Frederikson and Gross3 did three decades prior. I thus encounter a reckoning with many of the same complicities contained in canonization of literary texts. More specifically, I traverse within and across varied mellifluous texts by German-speaking writers of the African diaspora. I accomplish these aims by underscoring the continuity of literary production and through visiting four sites of epistemic literary production: intertextuality as a writerly gesture; intergenerational continuums as manifestations of (a) dynamic literary tradition(s); multimodality and translinguality as sites of literary and epistemic resistance(s); and a return to intertextuality as a readerly manifestation. Commencing, as Elke Frederikson did in 1997, through the voices of previous scholars, I observe the ongoing exchange and dynamic dialogue taken on by the nuances of intertextuality, which is understood to mean the conscious amplification of messages produced by previous authors through written, gestural, and spoken repetition. I argue that the intertextual amplification of knowledge production and literary products provides a sustainable and generative continuum that exhibits literariness and contributes to the creation of an adhesive body of work. As I show, the same is true with the cultural, knowledge, and literary production of Black German-speaking writers and authors, which remains anchored in rich literary and epistemic traditions. In the second site of epistemic and literary production, I approach the topic from an intergenerational point of view and recognize the texts as exhibiting additional nuance and depth. My considerations in this realm highlight the generative continuum of works across several generations. Cyclical rather than linear, ongoing dialogues additionally underscore that the literary narrative cannot be bound to one historical framing of identity or belonging;4 rather, they span across generations and demonstrate the dynamic and living presence of individual voices pronouncing them. Indeed, they remain in constant communication across expanses of time, space, language, and place, and transcend those borders of existence and belonging where human limits of bias, location, and oppression refuse them this possibility. These intergenerational [End Page 139] enunciations of canon confirm that the epistemic literary production in works by Black German-speaking writers is full of variation, richness, and nuance. My considerations of border crossings, although limited by the weights of structural oppressions and systemic racisms, progress through several encounters of translingual and multimodal productions of language and sound. These interrelated sites go against the grain to inscribe belonging in canon and existence.5 In this nexus, I link translinguality with transnationalism and multimodality with intergenerationality. I underscore the influence of diasporic resources6 and the affective bonds present in the Black German movement7 and subsequently highlight the possibility of translingual modes of existence8 to push for social justice and activism9. Coming full circle to my position as a reader, I consider how my stance has influenced my experiences and perceptions of the chosen sites of production and literary texts. I additionally grapple with my readerly positionality as a white middle-aged settler woman from the United States who has academic training in the colonial language of German. It is against this backdrop that I further engage with broader questions related to white supremacy and our predispositions to canonize. Throughout the project, I question what a dominant fixation on the written as opposed to the spoken word suggests about the nature of which epistemologies are valued. I highlight those texts by Black German-speaking women and blend literary genres throughout the project. While these aspects have been incorporated in previous scholarship, few combine them in monographs on literary texts and even...

Relationship of Organizational Commitment to Teamwork in a Municipality From Peru

Purpose: The general objective was to determine the relationship between organizational commitment and teamwork in a municipality from Peru. Theoretical framework: The current literature has reported good findings on both organizational commitment and teamwork. However, there is still much to research and understand about OC and TE because it is an ever-evolving development. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative, applied, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational study was used, applying the questionnaires to 94 workers of the municipality. Findings: The results revealed that organizational commitment is deficient 73% and teamwork is deficient 78%, also, the p=0.000<0.05, indicating that the variables retain a highly significant correlation, also, it is evident that they reached a Rho=82.9%. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the contributions made to organizational commitment and teamwork. Originality/value: the organizational commitment maintains a very strong positive correlation with teamwork, evidencing that by generating in the workers a sense of belonging with the institution, as long as the best collaborators are offered job growth options and very strong affective bonds are created, then an assertive communication is achieved through permanent dialogue, the communication flow is improved and with it the needs of the employees are recognized, impacting positively in the decision making process, since the planned goals have been realistic to the resources and abilities of the employees.

Readers respond to Alison Bechdel: fan letters and the emotional afterlives of Dykes to Watch Out For

ABSTRACT This paper examines letters written to American cartoonist Alison Bechdel by fans of her now beloved comic, Dykes to Watch Out For (DTWOF; 1983–2008). These letters, written over the course of the strip’s long run, offer fascinating insights into readers’ reactions and emotional attachments to DTWOF, the diversity of the strip’s appeal, and the potential political consequences of fans’ deep affective investments. The letters show that the comic connected with readers from a variety of backgrounds, who responded to its sympathetic and multifaceted representation of lesbian lives for myriad reasons. The letters reveal how DTWOF was able to forge a heterogenous audience through fans’ affective bonds, and potentially transform ontologies and political views. Though rarely the object of investigation—particularly when dealing with a “low” cultural form like comics—these fan letters illuminate the meaningful roles seemingly ephemeral cultural products play in people’s lives.

Bà Bình in La Plaza de la Revolución: anticolonial connectivity, gendered archives, and ngoại giao nhân dân

ABSTRACT My essay examines the layered connections among anticolonial struggles. I confront the difficulty of tracing these connections as I excavate the global dimensions of bà Nguyễn Thị Bình’s political work. As a Vietnamese revolutionary diplomat, she built transcontinental relations and friendships with people from other nations, liberation movements, and different walks of life. Yet the international relations that she actively constructed are rendered obscure not only by the Eurocentrism of disciplinary knowledge but also by gendered erasure and restricted framings of her diplomatic work. I look into sources from the margins to trace bà Nguyễn Thị Bình’s cosmopolitan engagement in ngoại giao nhân dân (people’s diplomacy). This clues us into the political, material, and affective bonds among colonized peoples that sustain their struggles. It is crucial to shift our lens of research and protocols of knowledge to better attend to the submerged: the globality of anticolonial women, the underground connections that may be elusive in formal archives, the crossings and gatherings of those fighting for a decolonized world. This is not simply a matter of bringing the submerged into visibility, but learning from the submerged to re-conceptualize the range and depths of what constitutes global relations, past and present.

The Tale of Genji and Its Chinese Precursors: Beyond the Boundaries of Nation, Class, and Gender by Jindan Ni

Reviewed by: The Tale of Genji and Its Chinese Precursors: Beyond the Boundaries of Nation, Class, and Gender by Jindan Ni Nicholas Morrow Williams (bio) The Tale of Genji and Its Chinese Precursors: Beyond the Boundaries of Nation, Class, and Gender . By Jindan Ni. Lexington Books, 2020. vii, 209 pages. $111.00, cloth; $45.00, E-book. Genji monogatari (Tale of Genji) might seem to be as familiar and well understood as anything in Japan studies, but the volume under review confirms how much within the novel remains opaque and open to further interpretation. Jindan Ni's wide-ranging study offers a fresh appreciation of the novel's bold and even "transgressive" (p. 109) qualities. While the introduction places the study appropriately in the context of previous scholarship on the Genji itself, it already raises the broader perspective of "world literature" in the vein of scholars such as David Damrosch and Wiebke Denecke. Asserting the need for "a shift away from focusing on Japanology to a perspective on comparative literature" (p. 7), Ni promises to examine the novel in relation to a number of comparative issues, such as the restrictions of class or gender on personal identity. Though this compact study may not resolve any of these issues, it demonstrates their pertinence to parallel concerns of modern theorists and within contemporary pop culture, showing the perennial and cross-cultural significance of the novel's themes. The first three of the study's six chapters deal more directly with the "Chinese precursors" of the title. Ni's first chapter compares the use of the moon as the representation of an ideal, alternative world in Taketori monogatari, Genji, and also the poetry of Bai Juyi (772–846). The diffuse argument has to do with the way that each of these uses the moon to represent longing for different modes of existence; the chapter's larger significance lies in how it establishes the framework of Ni's research, examining Murasaki Shikibu and her work in light of concerns beyond the situation of Heian Japan. The second chapter examines the "living phantom" of Lady Rokujō which wreaks such havoc in the novel, comparing its function to the Chinese story of Huo Xiaoyu, whose vengeful ghost haunts her disloyal lover. Unfortunately, Ni fails in this chapter to engage with the well-known monograph on this subject by Doris Bargen. 1 The third chapter is somewhat similar in addressing the issue of "class" in the novel, particularly in relation to the hopes of lower-ranked women to raise their status via marriage [End Page 225] to Genji. Ni shows how these hopes are frustrated and compares these women's fate to several characters in the poetry of Bai Juyi. In the second half of the monograph, Ni expands her scope. The fourth and fifth chapters rely on psychoanalytic concepts of transgression and repetition, respectively, to analyze broader structures in Genji. At the beginning of chapter 4, "Rethinking the Narratives of Fallen Women," Ni mentions AKB48 idol Minegishi Minami, who shaved her head in 2013 to demonstrate her repentance after violating her pledge not to have sexual relationships with men, and uses this contemporary example to lead into a discussion of numerous acts of transgression in the novel, ranging from the acts of kaimami to Genji's clandestine relation with Fujitsubo. Ni also cites poems by Fujitsubo (p. 122) and later the Third Princess (p. 130) that illustrate their conflicted impulses to abandon the world of suffering and remarks: "In Buddhism, every form of attachment to the human world is regarded as an obstacle to reaching peace; therefore, even the bonds of lifelong duty and affection between parents and children are also considered transgressive" (p. 123). It would be valuable to pursue this line of inquiry further and to consider the symmetrical relation between transgressions against the sociopolitical order, on the one hand, and against the ideals of Buddhist emancipation on the other, but of course to do so one would have to compare the original Japanese terms that are used for these concepts, rather than identifying them with the capacious English "transgression." Chapter 5, "Repetition, Substitution, and Tragedy," confronts directly one of the signal narratological features...

The role of the family in child development

The family constitutes the child's first universe of social relationships, and can provide them with an environment for growth and development. Therefore, it is extremely important for children in the first years of life to have a consolidated and well-structured foundation so that they grow up healthy and without any psychological disorders, as this foundation will contribute to the formation of their personality and the construction of their relationships. future parents and guardians have active roles in their children's emotions. In this article, we sought to understand the place of the family in the child's development and the reason for the existence of psychological disorders at this stage, as well as the level of awareness of parents in validating their children's feelings. To prepare this work, searches were carried out for scientific articles in databases such as Scielo. As a result, the importance of strengthening affective and emotional bonds became evident, especially with the effective and constant presence of the family and that the majority of psychological disorders are generated in unhealthy homes, or in those homes where validation of emotions is not taught. It is then concluded that when they repress their emotions, some types of disorders such as depression, anxiety and OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) are generated and that having a healthy and functional home seems to be the most practical path to the child's full development.

Attachment and Responsibility in Rosa Montero's El corazón del tártaro

Abstract: In her 2001 novel El corazón del Tártaro , Rosa Montero shows how the main character, Zarza, descends into the darkest corner of a metaphorical hell (Tartarus) and the physical and emotional journey she takes to emerge from that inferno. In this article, I use John Bowlby's attachment theory to argue that while the heartless abuse she suffers at the hands of her father and brother leads Zarza to commit her own horrific acts of abuse and betrayal, Zarza's true demise comes as a direct consequence of her breaking bonds of attachment with innocent people for whom she has responsibility. Her subsequent redemption comes as she moves through a therapeutic process that begins with her finding a secure base and then exploring her relationships past and present. The process culminates in Zarza accepting responsibility for her actions and re-imagining and re-building those affectionate bonds.

Let’s Talk about the Animals – Taking the Outcomes of Animal Models of Human Emotion and Affective Behavior Back to Understanding Animal Minds and Emotions

Abstract The socioemotional lives of animals have been brought to light over the years by studies seeking to address specific topics in animal emotion, cognition and behavior. Breakthrough information has been provided by field work with natural communities, and notable advances have stemmed from non-invasive research with captive animals and from laboratory work entailing varying degrees of invasiveness. But there is a source of information on animals that has not always been integrated in the knowledge on animals’ emotional lives: the outputs of studies where animals served as models of human emotional processes but that were seldom published as literature on animals. This article proposes an integrated view whereby the vast amount of information amassed by the brain and behavioral sciences over the course of the last 30 years on the affective experiences of animals, their triggers, biomarkers and behavioral correlates is fully integrated in an account of animal emotions. Topics where this knowledge can accommodate further integration from studies with animals models of the human mind are the parental care and different types of affective bonds; the experience of empathic reactions, the association between emotions, expressive behavior and affective bonds, and conscience. Fostering further connection between these neuroscience and behavioral studies might contribute to 1) widening the breath of measures used in assessing the well-being of animals, 2) widening criteria used by ethical committees considering studies with animals, and 3) to review some common practices that by those who have key roles in the management of wild or captive animals.

The love of pets in managing remote work challenges during Covid-19

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, a large number of employed individuals all over the world were obliged to work remotely during lockdown. This article focuses on the coping mechanisms which individuals used to manage this difficult situation, specifically the impact which loving and caring for pets had on the way in which people dealt with the challenges of the remote-working environment. Methodologically, this qualitative study used a phenomenological research design to understand the lived experience of the participants in the study. Ten qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with pet owners during the Covid-19 lockdown period in South Africa. The sample was recruited using purposeful and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed through content analysis while qualitative quality criteria were applied. Findings show pets supported their owners in many different ways during the pandemic and only the animal’s presence supported the owners at home physically, psychologically and emotionally. They helped to reduce the stress of their owners and create a homely atmosphere. Pets played a specific role in providing love, companionship, strong emotional and affective bonds and by creating experiences of comfort, positive as well as negative distraction from work, and physical presence. The experience of love was one major aspect of the relationships between pets and humans. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given with regard to future research, highlighting how organisations and consultants can use the positive influences of pets in remote-working scenarios.

Workplace Violence in the Health Sector: Focus on the Argentinean context

Workplace violence is classified according to the focus of analysis: type of aggression (physical, psychological, and sexual) and according to the perpetrator (internal violence, if it is a member of the organization and external when it is a user or his/her companions). The impact on the worker's health is severe; the psychological damage is the first to be registered, with all the progressive symptoms of stress: cognitive disorders - loss of immediate memory, dispersion of attention and concentration, permanent state of alertness, self-reproach, anguish, depression, exhaustion, sensation of unreality, fantasies of annihilation, fragmentation of identity, sleep disorders and conflict with affective relationships and bonds of belonging. The studies analyzed show that the effects of aggression are varied and will depend on the frequency and severity of the episodes and the vulnerability caused by the number of episodes, which cause deterioration in the quality of care, suffering, and illness of those involved, thus affecting not only the personnel involved but also having repercussions on their families and the environment outside the workplace. Therefore, it is essential to investigate and analyze the factors involved in the different situations that arise and thus be able to intervene promptly. Statistics show that violence is more frequent the younger the staff is and more frequent in the case of women. It is also evident that not only age and sex are the factors that have the most significant impact on acts of violence, but other variants, such as nationality, place of work, and position held, influence the moment of being victims of aggression in the work environment.

Affective bond and attitude towards mathematics in university students of the Peruvian Amazon

Affective bond and attitude towards mathematics in university students of the Peruvian Amazon

Do Bad People Deserve Empathy? Selective Empathy Based on Targets' Moral Characteristics.

The relation between empathy and morality is a widely discussed topic. However, previous discussions mainly focused on whether and how empathy influences moral cognition and moral behaviors, with limited attention to the reverse influence of morality on empathy. This review summarized how morality influences empathy by drawing together a number of hitherto scattered studies illustrating the influence of targets' moral characteristics on empathy. To explain why empathy is morally selective, we discuss its ultimate cause, to increase survival rates, and five proximate causes based on similarity, affective bonds, the appraisal of deservingness, dehumanization, and potential group membership. To explain how empathy becomes morally selective, we consider three different pathways (automatic, regulative, and mixed) based on previous findings. Finally, we discuss future directions, including the reverse influence of selective empathy on moral cognition, the moral selectivity of positive empathy, and the role of selective empathy in selective helping and third-party punishment.

Networking the Counterrevolution: The École Supérieure de Guerre, Transnational Military Collaboration, and Cold War Counterinsurgency, 1955–1975

Abstract Over the past several decades, scholars have devoted considerable attention to tracing the influence of French counterinsurgency practices developed in Indochina and Algeria on other militaries during the Cold War. This article builds on that literature to offer an explanation for why French counterrevolutionary knowledge circulated so broadly, and to connect the French military more concretely to an emerging literature on anticommunist internationalism. At the center of French efforts, this article argues, stood the Army’s École Supérieure de Guerre (ESG) in Paris, which trained growing numbers of high-ranking foreign officers after 1945. The ESG taught counterrevolutionary warfare directly, but as this article argues, it also helped constitute an audience abroad for such ideas by cultivating affective bonds, strategic preferences, and personal connections over the longer term. In tracing the partnerships cultivated through the ESG in this period, this article also illustrates the broader entanglements between counterinsurgency, international military cooperation, and professionalization at midcentury. For military partners seeking to professionalize their own forces, the attractiveness of French doctrines lay as much in the easily accessible set of materials, training, and expertise the French military offered as in their capacity to combat subversion. By tracing the transnational networks of exchange knit together by military academies in this period, this article concludes, scholars can better historicize the rise of counterinsurgency as a key paradigm of cold warfare.