Affect Household Food Security Research Articles

Determining food intake, the requirement, and weighing the relative risk between food secure and insecure households in rural areas of Ethiopia: The case of West Hararghe zone

The severity of food insecurity in Ethiopia is among the worst globally, with record-breaking food assistance needs by various factors. This study tries to uncover various aspects of food security related to food availability, food access, food utilization and food stability dimensions of food security. The study was executed in the west Hararghe zone of the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Its main objective was to determine the food security status of households, with specific objectives aiming at computing individual daily kilo calorie intake, determining the average food requirement, comparing the relative risk between food secure and insecure households and identifying factors that affect household food security status. A multi-stage sampling procedure, involving the purposive selection of; the Zone and Woreda, and a simple random selection of households, to draw the required number of representative sample respondents, was adopted. Hence, from 4163 total households, 134 were selected for collecting primary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, relative risk analysis using Cohorts and independent tests using ANOVA. Food security status was measured using the Household Food Balance Model (HFBM). Using this model, the study obtained 1973 kilo calories per individual per day intake and 2108 kilo calorie as their requirement, which indicated households were energy deficient by 135 kilo calorie with 2-sided-value < 0.1 critical level (t= -1.747, df =133 & sig2-sided. 0.083). Independent test results showed that farm income (at p-value < 0.1), gross product (at p-value < 0.05), age of household head (at p-value < 0.1), years of owning land (at p < 0.1) and family size (at p-value < 0.1) contributed significantly to food security status. Cross-tabulation showed a linear relationship between food security and higher education level (at p-value < 0.05), which urges a concern in improving farming societies’ literacy to the desired level. In the study areas, about 91.8% of the population produces crops depending on the seasonal rainfall and their daily kilo calorie consumed depends on it; this is statistically correlated with the food insecurity problem at p-value < 0.1 critical level (lambada = 1.75 & sig. = 0.08). Therefore, to tackle the food insecurity problem, alternative method of crop production should be devised such as the establishment of irrigation schemes, water harvesting structures, and water conservation practices, among others. Key words: food security, calorie requirement, food availability, relative risk

Does COVID-19 Influence the Urban Household’s Food Security in Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia?

Household food insecurity is an important variable for understanding the nutritional status of children and women in low-income countries. This study was therefore initiated to determine household food insecurity status and to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on household food security in a selected number of households in the Horo Guduru Wollega Region of Ethiopia. Multistage sampling methods were used in this study. First, 4 were randomly selected from 12 found in the Horo Guduru Wollega area. The population/size ratio is then used to select households in each city. Finally, the eligible households for the study were randomly selected. Accordingly, 360 sample data were collected from 5,710 poor households in four urbans in the Horo Guduru Wollega zone. Both qualitative (in-depth interview) and quantitative data (structured questionnaires) were included in this study. The data collected were analysed using the propensity score matching model. The result of the concordant estimation of the propensity score showed supportive indications for improving the food security standard of living. All consistent test methods used for analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the assessment of dietary diversity between safe and unsafe foods. This study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting household food security in the study area. Therefore, all concerned bodies are responsible to overcome the problem of food insecurity that occurred due to the COVID-19 in the region and nationally. The data analysed to know impact COVID-19 on food security in the study area. The propensity score matching estimation result has shown supportive evidence about the improvements of the living standard of food security. All of the matching test methods employed for the analysis showed that there was statistically significant dietary diversity scores difference between food secure and insecure. In general, this study revealed that COVID-19 pandemic affects household food insecurity status in study area.

Exploring household food security through institutional factors: A statistical and mathematical analysis

Achieving household food security is the tumbling issue of the century. This article explores the factors affecting household food security and solutions by utilizing a synergy of statistical and mathematical models. The methodology section is divided into two portions namely sociological and mathematical methods. Sociologically, 379 household heads were interviewed through structured questions and further analyzed in terms of descriptive and binary logistic regression. The study found that 4 independent variables (poverty, poor governance, militancy, and social stratification) showed a significant association (P = 0.000) to explain variations in the dependent variable (household FS). The Omnibus test value (χ2= 102.386; P = 0.000) demonstrated that the test for the entire model against constant was statistically significant. Therefore, the set of predictor variables could better distinguish the variation in household FS. The Nagelkerke’s R Square (R2 = .333) helps to interpret that the prediction variable and the group variables had a strong relationship. Moreover, 23% to 33% variation in FS was explained by the grouping variables (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.237 and Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.333). The significant value of Wald test results for each variable confirmed that the grouping variables (poor governance P = 0.004, militancy P = 0.000, social stratification P = 0.021 and poverty P = 0.000) significantly predicted FS at the household level. Mathematically, all the statistics were validated further through the application of spherical fuzzy mathematics (TOPIS and MADM) to explore what factors are affecting household FS. Thus, the study found that F3 (poverty) > F2 (militancy) > F4 (social stratification) > F1 (poor governance) respectively. Thus, it could be concluded from these findings that the prevalence of poverty dysfunctional all the channels of household FS at the macro and micro levels. Therefore, a sound and workable model to eradicate poverty in the study area by ensuring social safety nets for the locals was put forward some of the policy implications for the government are the order of the day.

The Effect of Food and Financial Remittances on Household Food Security in Northern Nigeria

Remittances from migrants are an important livelihood strategy to mitigate the impact of adverse economic conditions, particularly in developing countries and rural areas. This study examines how migration and remittances affect household food security by analyzing data collected from 180 farmers in northern Nigeria in 2018. The descriptive results show that households use remittances mainly for health care and education. Remittances are most commonly provided in the form of finances and food. Binary logit regression results show that food remittances have a significant positive impact on food security status. Financial remittances did not have a statistically significant impact on food security. As the number of migrants in a household increases, the probability that the household is food secure decreases. The propensity scores matching result also showed that migrant households receiving food remittances were more food secure. In light of these findings, we emphasized the need to include both financial and food remittances in studies to understand the effect on food security.

Effects of livestock ownership typology on household food security in rural Lesotho

This study examines how various livestock ownership typologies affect household food security in rural Lesotho, a developing nation marked with poverty and food insecurity. Despite the significance of livestock to food security, little study has been done in this area. The study divides households into four typologies of livestock ownership, ranging from none to varied animal herds, using data from 2,014 rural households. The study uses analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a mixed effect ordered probit model to examine the connections between these typologies and food security. In comparison to typology I (no livestock ownership), the results show that ownership typologies III (moderate small ruminants and poultry) and IV (big mixed poultry, small, and large animals) have a beneficial impact on household food security. The study advances our understanding of how different livestock species and herd sizes affect food security. It emphasizes the importance of nuanced and context-specific approaches when employing livestock to improve household food security, advising development and intervention programs to take into account the delicate interplay between livestock ownership and food security among the target population. Thus, intervention programs must carefully consider the complex and context-specific relationship between livestock ownership and food security.

Perceptions of climate change-related disasters and impact on household food security in rural farm households in Imo State, Nigeria

This study investigates the perception of climate change-related disasters and their impact on household food security in rural farm households in Imo State, Nigeria. Studies have consistently shown an association between climate change and food insecurity in different parts of the world. However the impact of climate change varies over time and space and therefore cannot be generalized. If household food security is to be secured in Imo State, it becomes imperative to identify the specific climate change related disasters that adversely affect household food security as well as the intervention priorities in specific communities. The study utilizes descriptive analytical tools to analyze the data from 186 farm households across four agricultural communities in the state. Findings reveal that excessive rainfall leading to flooding is the most prevalent climate change-related disaster, followed by excessive heat and irregular rainfall patterns. A significant majority of respondents attribute household food insecurity to these climate change-related disasters at high or very high levels. Various mitigation strategies adopted by households include changes in farming practices, irrigation methods, crop replacement, and land modification techniques. The study also identifies top priorities for government intervention as improving drainage and irrigation systems, establishing community weather forecast centers, and providing fertilizer subsidies. Additionally, enhancing hedging technology and pest/disease control strategies were recognized as important interventions. The study emphasizes the importance of tailored interventions, continuous data collection, and awareness campaigns to enhance agricultural resilience and ensure food security in the face of climate change impacts.

Assessment of Food Security Status and its Coping Mechanism in Selected Districts of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The study was conducted in selected Districts of Gamo Gofa Zone with the main objectives to identify the determinants of food security status and its coping mechanisms. Result was reported by percentage, frequency and average, Chi-square, t-test and binary logit model. Household calorie acquisition in food consumption was used to evaluate the status of household food security. The totals of 196 respondents were used. Among them, 39.8 % were food secure and 60.2% were not secure. The average Kcal consumed by food secure and insecure households was 2756.3 and 1506.2 respectively. There was a statistical significance average variation of kcal consumption per day per AE (p<1%). The binary logistic model result shows that five were found to be a significant effect on the household food security status out of 11 variables included in the model. These were: farm size, TLU, Market, Food aid, and Annual food expenditure were significantly affecting household food security status (p<10%, 5%, and 1%). Rural households have practiced different coping mechanisms at different stages of food deficit including: Sale of livestock, reduce the size and the number of meals, receive food aid, involve in off-farm activities, daily labor, borrow cash/ kind from others were the dominant coping mechanisms. According to this finding recommended that technologies that improves the productivity of farm and livestock should be given more attention. Some of the coping mechanisms practiced by farmers were more harmful than others. Practices: like rent out farm, livestock sale, and charcoal making have negative effect on subsequent period production and productivity of the farmers as well as negative environmental effect. Therefore, understanding the coping mechanisms performed by the household provides a clue for the determination and promotion of sustainable development strategies.

Household Food Security Study Before The Pandemi, During The Pandemi and When New Normal in Gorontalo District

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting household food security before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and the new normal in Gorontalo District. The method applied in this study is a qualitative descriptive method while the methods used in data collection are interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The results of the study show that the factors that affect household food security include the number of family members (X1), pre-pandemic income (X2), pandemic income (X3), new normal income (X4), and expenditure (X5), with t-test analysis can be seen that the variable number of family members (X1), Income during the Pandemic (X3) and Income during the New Normal (X4) has no significant effect on household food security (Y), while the variables Pre-Pandemic Income (X2) and Expenditures (X5) has a significant effect on household food security (Y). It can be seen that farmers can still exist during a pandemic, it is not too influential because farmers are still carrying out their activities, they can still eat garden produce, and their catch.

Large-scale agricultural land investments and food security in Nigeria

The study examines how large-scale agricultural land investments (LIs) affect household food security in Nigeria. It is one of the few studies in Nigeria that offers new empirical insights into household food security. Precisely, it unravels how LIs affect the livelihood outcomes of households in communities where LIs operate compared to households in communities without such LIs. This study engages the mixed methods of analysis involving quantitative and qualitative techniques. The quantitative data is drawn from the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) utilising the Logistic regression technique. The qualitative aspect of this study involved fieldwork conducted in two distinct Nigerian states: Kwara State, situated in the North-Central region, and Ogun State, located in the South-West region. The qualitative findings further enrich the quantitative findings. It also helped to investigate the nature of jobs households engaged in and also the employment density of the investors’ farms which could not be done using the national representative data (LSMS). The results indicate that households in communities without land investments have 0.2% higher likelihood of being more food secure than households in communities with land investments and it is significant at 5%. The qualitative analysis reveals several key insights, including the observation that female headed households in communities with LIs are less likely to be food secure, receive less wages, and spend more time in communities with LIs. Government should put in place policies (for example, compensation policies) that will ensure that land deals are properly monitored and structured to benefit and protect the host communities. If the government fails to properly regulate land deals, rural people will always suffer. Also, they should monitor and control the activities, and the type of crops grown in investment farms so that land investments can bring about the desired benefits such as improvement in household livelihood and enhance food security in the communities where they exist.

Factors Affecting Household Food Security in Bundelkhand Region of India

This study assessed the food security status of the households and examined factors influencing food security within the surveyed households. A total of 240 samples were gathered from Lalitpur and Jhansi districts in the Bundelkhand region using a multistage random sampling technique during the period of August to September 2022. The Indicator approach and Binary Logistic Regression methods were used to analyze the data. The results show households belonging to the Jhansi district had a substantially higher level of food security in comparison to the Lalitpur district. The findings show that Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of surveyed households have a significant role in determining the level of food security. Hence, the development of an appropriate policy to protect households from the adverse effects of natural disaster like drought and health- hazards like COVID-19 are suggested.

Determinants of Household Food Security Based On The Status of Human Development Index (HDI) in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara

This study aims to determine the determinants or factors that affect household food security in areas with moderate HDI status and areas with high HDI status. Based on the data of the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) March 2021 from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), this study is conducted by using multinomial logistic regression method to archieve the objective. The results show that poverty status, dummy recipients of the BPNT program, presence of toilets and presence of toddlers have significant effect to the food security household in areas with high HDI status. While in areas with moderate HDI status, the factors that affect household food security are poverty status, gender of the head of the household, classification of residential area, presence of toilets and presence of toddlers. From this research it is necessary to apply policies that can strengthen household food security in both the moderata HDI and high HDI areas, especially in poor households with toddlers.

KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI KELAPA SAWIT SWADAYA DI KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG

The aims of this research are to analyze the level of food security, the factors that affect the level of food security, and efforts to increase the level of food security of palm oil farmer households (POFH). The research was conducted using a survey method in Tulang Bawang Regency by involving 67 respondents from POFH who were chosen by a simple random sampling. The results of the research showed that 47.76 percent of POFH were categorized as the most secure of food, 29.85 percent as less secure, 20.90 percent as vulnerable, and 1.49 percent as food insecure. The factors that positively affect household food security were household income, formal education level of household head, and ethnicity. The factor that negatively affect household food security was the the number family members. The efforts to increase the level of food security by Government were monitoring the stock of rice, drafting food balance, Programs called Pengembangan Usaha Pangan Masyarakat (PUPM), Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) and Modal Pengembangan Pangan Pokok Lebel (MP3L). The efforts of palm oil farmer households were owing groceries (47.50%), do outside work of palm oil farmer (50.62%), and changing dietary habit (1.88%). Key words: cross-classification, food security, palm oil households.

Issues of Food Insecurity and Coping Strategies: The Case Hababo Guduru District,Oromia, Ethiopia

The main objectives of the study were to assess the food security status, to identify major factors that determine food security, and to identify the coping strategy used by vulnerable households of HababoGuduru by employing simple descriptive statistics. In this study, a multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select sample households. 60 households were selected from two selected kebeles. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources to identify important variables that were assumed to affect household food security. Household calorie acquisition was used to analyze the state of household food security. Food insecure households reported having employed different coping strategies including eating less preferred, limiting the size and frequency of meals eaten per day. Increased food prices, household income, Sex of household head, educational status of the household head, dependency ratio, and market distance are some independent predictors of food insecurity in this area. Thus, designing and implementing development interventions concerning the above potential variables are crucial to enhance sustainable food security in the study area. Keywords: Challenges, Determinants, Food insecurity, Food security, Household DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/115-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2022

Every drop matters: combining population-based and satellite data to investigate the link between lifetime rainfall exposure and chronic undernutrition in children under five years in rural Burkina Faso

Climate change is projected to induce extreme and irregular rainfall patterns in the West African Sahel region, affecting household food security and income. Children are among the worst affected population groups. Previous studies focusing on rainfall irregularities in specified periods have revealed how child health and nutritional status are impacted, especially in rural settings. However, the aggregated effect of rainfall over a lifetime on chronic child undernutrition remains poorly understood. We conducted a multilevel regression using a 2017 household survey from rural Burkina Faso containing 12 919 under-five-year-old children and their corresponding household rainfall data. The rainfall data originated from the Climate Hazards Infrared Precipitation with Stations monthly dataset with a native resolution of 4.8 km (0.05°). We show that an increase in rainfall below 75 mm monthly average tends to produce poor nutritional outcomes (regression coefficient = −0.11***; 95% CI = −0.13, −0.10; p < 0.001) in rural Burkina Faso children. We found a consistent negative relationship between different sex and household wealth groups, but not age groups. Vulnerable younger children were more affected by the adverse effects of increased rainfall, while older children seemed to handle it better. Our methodological approach tracing the impact of rainfall over children’s lifetimes makes a meaningful contribution to the portfolio of tools for studying the complex relationship between climate change and health outcomes. Our work confirms that rainfall is a risk factor for chronic child undernutrition, highlighting the need for adaptation strategies that boost household and community resilience to counteract the harmful impacts of climate change on child nutritional status.

The Role of Social Capital with Local Wisdom in Household Food Security in Bali Province

Despite the fact that Bali Province has an excellent level of food security, it does not necessarily mean that all individuals in the region have equal accesses to food. Considerable challenges may arise from both supply and demand sides. The objectives of this research are to identify the effect of social capital on household food security in Bali Province and to examine the various forms of social capital with local wisdom that affect household food security in Bali Province. This research uses primary data collected under the purposive nonrandom sampling method. The research objectives were achieved by employing multiple linear regression analyses. The analysis variable is social capital as variable of interest while also taking into consideration several control variables in forms of individual characteristics and household characteristics. The results show that social capital has an effect on food security as an indicator of household welfare. The identification of social capital with local wisdom of households in Bali Province serves as a reference for alternative approaches in achieving food security in Bali Province.

Exploring the nexus between natural disasters and food (in)security: Evidence from rural Bangladesh

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) emphasise the reduction of poverty, hunger, and food insecurity as prerequisites for the economic development of a country. This paper examines how natural disaster shocks affect the food security of rural households in Bangladesh. We utilise the latest edition of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) produced by the International Food Policy Research Institute to understand the determinants of food security. In contrast to the existing literature, we use the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) to measure household food security. The empirical result from an ordered logit regression suggests that households that are exposed to natural disaster shocks are more likely to be food insecure compared with households that have not been exposed to such shocks. Furthermore, international remittances increase food security, while domestic remittances do not significantly affect household food security. The study also found that the marital status and education of the household head, household indebtedness, household size, education, expenditures and landownership significantly affect food security. Our findings underscore the importance of investing in the development of infrastructure and food storage facilities in rural communities to tackle food insecurity. Moreover, increasing technical knowledge and improving the quality of education are vital to strengthen food security in Bangladesh.

Farmer’s Adaptation to Climate Change as Strategy to Achieve Food Security

Climate change characterized by an increase in temperature and changes in rainfall impacts human life, one of which is food security. One of the keys to increasing food security during climate change is implementing adaptation. However, selection of appropriate adaptation strategies—i.e., better varieties, diversification of crops and shifting planting times—has positive impact on household food security. This study examines the effect of adaptation to climate change on rice farmer's household food security in the Banyumas Regency. Target populations are farmer households on fertile land (Sumbang Village and Banteran Village) and farmer households on infertile land (Lumbir Village and Cingebul Village). The selection of the targeted population is based on soil fertility, as it will affect the choice of adaptation strategies. Logit regression is employed to analyze the effect of adaptation options on household food security based on two aspects. Those are food availability and food access. Apart from being food producers, farmers are also consumers. The results show that the adaptation options—i.e., irrigation access, age, household size, farm income, income other than farming, asset ownership, and food expenditure—affect household food security in terms of food availability. On the other hand, the size of the household and income other than farms affect household food security in terms of food accessibility. The policy implication is that farmers pay more attention to climate change and implement appropriate adaptation strategies according to land conditions and farmers' resources.

Determinants affecting household food security in India: a critical review

Determinants affecting household food security in India: a critical review

Linking Coastal and Marine Resources Endowments and Climate Change Resilience of Tanzania Coastal Communities.

This paper presents findings on the links between coastal/marine resources endowment and climate change resilience to coastal communities in Mchungu and Kivinja' A' village on the coastal zone of Rufiji District in Tanzania. The study focused on exploring the existing coastal resources and their support to communities' livelihood, climatic threats that are experienced, and the role of coastal resources in enhancing communities' resilience. It further sought to establish other enabling factors for climate change adaptation (e.g., gender, education, governance, by-laws, and membership in social networks). The study used focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and household surveys in data collection. Findings show that Mchungu village is endowed with fish, mangrove, natural canal, and floodplains as their major coastal resources, while Kivinja' A' is rich in salt and coconut production. Communities in both villages exploit these coastal resources for their livelihood activities such as fishing, agriculture, and business. The study further found that coastal communities are already experiencing the effects of climate change through temperature rise, flooding, drought, sea-level rise, and storm surges. These affect household food security in terms of fish catch and crop production. The study revealed that coastal and marine resources were important for increasing community resilience (P ≤ 0.05) to climate change impacts in the studied villages. However, household resilience to climate change impacts was also influenced by gender, by-laws, education, and membership in social networks.

Analysis of Household Food Security in Indonesia New Capital City (Kutai Kartanegara and North Penajam Paser)

The Government of Republic Indonesia plans to move The Capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan especially in Regency of Kutai Kartanegara and Noth Penajam Paser. It is suspected that the relocation of the capital has implications and implications for both Regencies. Liu (2013) introduced the term tele-coupling as an interaction strategy between socio-economic environments in the combined human-nature in a region that causes various impacts, where food security is one of the impacts that need to be considered. The focus of this research is to analyze factors that significantly affect household food security. This research uses data of Economic Social Survey (Susenas) 2020 Core Module and Consumption-Expenditure Module, data analysis techniques using Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis for each household according to food security levels, where food secure households become a reference category (base outcome) . The results showed that food security of insecure households is influenced by factors: wages, employment, household members, the agricultural sector, the industrial sector, and the service sector significantly. While the food security of less secure households is influenced by factors of wages, education, household members, age, domicile, marital status, and gender significantly. While food security of vulnerable households is influenced by factors of wages, employment, household members, age, and the service sector significantly. Keywords: Food Security, Household, Indonesia New Capital DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-22-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2021