Affect Household Food Security Research Articles

Contribution of Hot Pepper Production to Household Food Security: The Case of Gursum District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Food insecurity is the key policy challenge for Ethiopia in general and Gursum district in particular. To combat this problem diversifying the smallholders’ farming systems and income sources is an option. In this regards, the production of cash crops like hot pepper, groundnut and other market-oriented crops is indispensable. Although hot pepper production is important source of income of households, systematic and rigors analysis of its contribution to households’ food security has not been done in Gursum district. Thus, this research was undertaken in Gursum district of Oromia regional state in two kebeles with the objectives of examining food security status of household, analyzing the contribution of hot pepper in household food security and identifying the factors affecting household food security and hot pepper production. The research used primary data generated from 150 randomly selected sample households and secondary data from secondary sources. Household calorie consumption method was used to identify food security status of the sample household. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage. The chi-square(X 2 ) test for systematic association of discrete/dummy variables with food security status and t-test for mean difference of continuous variables for food secure and food insecure households were used. Binary logit model was used to identify the factors affecting household food security in the study area. Among twelve hypothesized variables five were significantly affect food security status of the household those were household size at p<5%, land size at p<1%, level of education at p<5%, non-farm participation and income from hot pepper at p<1% probability level. In general from the empirical analysis, similar to other studies on income from cash crop has contribution for food security, thus, this study also confirms that income from hot pepper has significant contribution in improving food security status of the household. But low price, lack of improved and other constraints challenges the production of hot pepper. Therefore, local government, both local and international Non-government Organizations and other stakeholders should jointly work on hot pepper production and its income to improve food security of household. Keywords: Food security, Hot pepper, Binary Logit, Gursum DOI : 10.7176/FSQM/86-05 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

Does coal mining affect household food security? An empirical study of Dhanbad, India

BackgroundMining industries have enormous potential to improve food shortage by providing employment opportunities in its mining vicinity. But, simultaneously, these areas also suffer from ‘resource curse’ due to detrimental effects of mining. Hence, this study examined the effects of coal mining on household food availability and food access among proximate population residing in resource-rich but economically backward mining region of Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India. The primary data was collected from two compare groups, viz. households from exposed versus non-exposed villages of mining effect under the cross-sectional research design using structured questionnaire between September, 2014, and February, 2015. Both bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to assess the study objectives.ResultsFinding shows that households from non-mines affected villages were at 40% higher risk of food shortage than household from mines affected villages. Furthermore, odds ratio shows that rise in percentage of expenditure on food also increases the food shortage vulnerability. Female-headed households, below poverty line households and MNREGA card holders households were significantly positively related to food shortage. In contrast, households with membership of any socio-political organization and more than 2 acres of farmland were significant negatively associated with food shortage. Procurement of food on credit from ration shops was found to be a predominant strategies to cope with food shortage, followed by borrowing food from neighbours and relatives.ConclusionIn nutshell, the study shows that households from non-mines affected villages were at high risk of food shortage. However, percentage expenditure on food indicator reveals that household from mines affected villages was comparatively more vulnerable to food shortage than its counterpart. The membership of any socio-political organization emerges as a main factor which reduces the risk of food shortage.

DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND COPING STRATEGY: (EVIDENCE FROM AMARO WOREDA OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA)

The study was conducted in Amaro Woreda of southern Ethiopia with the main objectives to identify the main determinants of household food Security. Data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency and mean), inferential statistics (Chi-square and t-test) and logistic regression (binary logit) model. Household calorie acquisition was used to measure the status of household food security. Through systematic sampling method 151 respondents were identified. Among those 40.4% of the respondents were food insecure and 59.6% were food secure. The logistic model was initially fitted with 11 variables of which five were found to be significance effect on the household food security. Cultivated land size, livestock holding, education level, household labor and annual gross household income were significantly affecting household food security. Farm households have employed different coping strategies including sale of livestock, reduce size of meals and reduce number of meals at initial stage of food shortage and receive food aid, sale/consume seed meant and reduce size of meals at sever stage of food shortage. Improved food security is attained along with the increase in the size of cultivated land and livestock holdings. Improved technologies that increase the productivity of land and livestock should be given prior attention.

Mapping the Factors Affecting Household Food Security of Tuberculosis Patients in Coastal Region of Surabaya

Food security is a condition of a person who has access to adequate, safe, and nutritious food to meet the needs of a healthy life. Affordability of food is determined by the aggregate purchasing power. It is also can be measured by the amount of poverty in Indonesia which reached 28,07 million in 2014. According to data from the health department, the largest TB cases in Indonesia were in East Java Province and Surabaya accounted for the largest number, there are 48379 cases in 2015. This study mapping the factors that affect household food security of TB patients in the coastal areas of Surabaya. This study used secondary data sources from 11 clinics i.e. TB patient's addres and primary data source to survey patients about food security. Variables used in this study are variables related to socioeconomic factors and sanitary factors. Those variables will be analyzed descriptively and mapping using biplot analysis. Biplot generated based on socio-economic factors, sanitary factors, and status of households in 11 districts Surabaya that near the beach geographically. The result shows that 64% of TB patient households are food insecure than the left are food secure. More than 50% of TB patient households have a good house physically. From the result of mapping between sub-districts and factors, formed five groups consisting of: 1) Benowo and Mulyorejo; 2) Asemrowo, Gunung Anyar, Sukolilo and Pabean Cantikan; 3) Semampir, Krembangan and Bulak; 4) Kenjeran; and 5) Rungkut.

Sustainable agricultural intensification practices and rural food security

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of participation in sustainable agricultural intensification practices (SAIPs) on household food security status in Northwestern Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilised the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) indicator for the measurement of food access data from 168 households in ten communities from the Northwestern region of Ghana for the analyses. Households were categorised into participating households (treatment) and non-participating households (control). The endogenous treatment effects model was employed to evaluate the impact of participation in SAIPs training on food insecurity access scale.FindingsThe results show that participation in SAIPs training lowers, on average, the household food insecurity access by 2.95 points, approximately an 11 per cent reduction in HFIAS score. Other significant factors found to influence household food insecurity access scale are age of household head, experience in farming, total acres owned by household, income level of the household and occupation of the head of the household.Research limitations/implicationsThe training programme of participation in SAIPs has massive implications for food security, rural economy and farmers’ livelihoods. However, due to the unique conditions prevailing in Northwestern Ghana, the findings of this research are limited in terms of their generalisability. Future research direction in the area of SAIPs trainings and impact study replications in all qualifying rural food production areas in Ghana, which are susceptible to household food insecurity, will provide a national picture of the efficacy of SAIPs trainings on household food insecurity.Practical implicationsA proven means to decrease natural resource degradation, increase crops yields, and increase subsistence farmers’ income, and food security is an important intervention to resolve the seasonal food shortage, which last for five months in a typical year for agro-food-dependent farming communities in Northwestern Ghana.Social implicationsEnsuring household food security improvement and environmental sustainability will help improve living standards of food producers and reduce the adverse social challenges associated with food insecure communities such as health problems due to food deficiencies, social inequalities, environmental pollution and natural resource degradation in Northwestern Ghana.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is the novel thought and approach to examine the impact of the SAIPs trainings on household food security in Northwestern Ghana using the household food insecurity access scale indicator. The study also examined the factors that affect household food security using the endogenous treatment model, which also evaluates the impact of the training programme on the outcome variable.

Changing gender roles and relations in food provisioning among matrilineal Khasi and patrilineal Chakhesang Indigenous rural People of North-East India.

Women's position in society, gender roles, and gender division of labour affect household food security, dietary diversity, nutritional status, and well-being of all household members, especially children. Building on both primary and secondary data, this study explores gender roles and relations in food provisioning among the North-East India Indigenous matrilineal Khasi and patrilineal Chakhesang Peoples, amid societal transition. With the use of a combination of ethnographic and ethnobotanical research tools, a total number of 200 informants participated in 20 focus group discussions and 28 key informant interviews. The feminist political ecology framework was used to analyse the structural power relations influencing gender food-provisioning labour. Results show that both matrilineal and patrilineal women play equally crucial roles in agrobiodiversity management, subsistence agricultural production, and household food provisioning. However, customary laws shape different gender relations, women's status, and appreciation of women's work in the two societies. Gender roles appeared more flexible in the matrilineal society and more clearly defined in the patrilineal society, and gender relations more egalitarian among the Khasis while more hierarchical among the Chakhesangs. Household food-provisioning work and engagement in agricultural production did not seem to positively contribute to the social status of Chakhesang women, because these were expected as structural elements of the patriarchy. Current socio-cultural and economic changes in both Indigenous societies have altered the traditional food system, traditional livelihoods, and resource management practices, affecting women's role in household food provisioning and leading to the deterioration of women's status, influencing household dietary diversity, food, and nutritional security.

Inequality of access in irrigation systems of the mid-hills of Nepal

ABSTRACT Access to, and control over, water for irrigation is one of the most important factors for increasing agricultural productivity, thereby affecting household food security and levels of poverty in developing countries. However, investments in the irrigation sector have often failed to consider equity aspects of irrigation interventions. Using data from 199 households from three irrigation systems in the mid-hills of Nepal, we analyse access and control of water in different levels of socio-economic heterogeneities. The results demonstrate that efforts to improve livelihoods of the rural poor should give due consideration to the distributional aspects of irrigation interventions, with authority for allocating the level of access to irrigation water given to the farmers throughout the system.

Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect rural household food security in northern area of Pakistan. The random sampling technique was applied to collected data from 294 rural households through a face to face interview. A binary logistic regression technique was used to determine the factors that influence household food insecurity. The results of our study revealed that age, gender, education, remittances, unemployment, inflation, assets, and disease are important factors determining household food insecurity. Moreover, gender played a dominant role in food insecurity as female headed household were food insecure while male headed household were food secure. The policies should be set to promote education, more focus on female headed household and encourage the inflow of remittances.

Does consumption of tobacco and alcohol affect household food security? Evidence from rural India

Using a nationally representative household-level dataset on consumption expenditure, this paper examines the crowding-out effects of tobacco and alcohol spending on food and non-food consumption in rural India. We found a positive relationship between spending on these temptation goods and household income, but in proportionate terms the poor and socially-disadvantaged households spent more on such goods compared to others. In general, their consumption crowded out food expenditure but not as much as non-food expenditure. Tobacco expenditure crowded out more of consumer durables followed by foodgrains, healthcare and education. However, among the poor, foodgrains were traded-off more. Likewise, spending on alcohol also crowded out foodgrains, but the effects were larger for consumer durables and starker among the poor. Across social groups too, consumption of tobacco as well as alcohol led to a reallocation of budgets with consumer durables being most displaced followed by foodgrains. On the whole, the crowding out effects were larger for tobacco than alcohol and were greater for households belonging to the lower rungs of both income and social order. We identified that such crowding-out effects operated through peer effects or social interactions; hence the key inference is that government interventions aimed towards controlling tobacco or alcohol consumption would be more effective if these targeted peer groups and their group leaders.

Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Jaro Kabupaten Tabalong, Kalimantan Selatan

This study aims to assess household food security, social and economicsfactors that affect household food security and knowing the dominant factor in household food security in the village of Namun, Jaro District of Tabalong regency. The level of household food security is dominated by a group of food enough that 30 households or by 40% and 29 household food security by presenting 38.67%. Groups that are not food secure are 16 households or 21.33%. Groups of households have food secure rice supplies between 120-239 days with eating frequency of household members 3 times a day. F test analysis results obtained value of 2.431&gt; F table value of 2.346 at odds of 0.05 &lt;0.05 means that all the variables in the equation simultaneously a significant effect on household food security. Results of t test analysis of socio-economics factors are the most dominant influence on household food security is a factor value income amounted to 2.058 t count&gt; t table value of 1.667 with 0.041 odds &lt;0.05. This suggests that factors ofincomesignificantly affect, but the number of family, the level of family Education, and expenditure, each no significant effect on household food security

Factors influencing household food security among smallholder farmers in the Mudzi district of Zimbabwe

This article examines factors influencing household food security among smallholder farmers in Mudzi district of Zimbabwe. Data for this study were collected from 120 randomly selected households, using a structured questionnaire. Analytical techniques employed included descriptive statistics of respondents' characteristics and linear regression analysis to identify factors influencing their household food security. The results show that household dietary diversity is influenced by the age and education of the household head, household labour and size, livestock ownership, access to market information and remittances. Linear regression on another indicator, the household food insecurity access score, shows that labour, education of the household head, household size, remittances, livestock ownership and access to market information all affect household food security. The study therefore recommends that government and other development agencies enhance food security among smallholders through promoting labour-saving technologies, enhancing the flow of remittances to rural areas, facilitating access to market information, and farmer education.

Factors Influencing Household Food Security in West Africa: The Case of Southern Niger

Food insecurity is a major challenge for Niger and for many African countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting household food security in Niger. Based on survey data covering 500 households, drought, high food prices, poverty, soil infertility, disease and insect attacks are reported by the respondents to be the main causes of food insecurity. The empirical results from logistic regression revealed that the gender of the head of household, diseases and pests, labor supply, flooding, poverty, access to market, the distance away from the main road and food aid are significant factors influencing the odds ratio of a household having enough daily rations. Another important finding is that female headed households are more vulnerable to food insecurity compared to male headed households. The findings of this study provide evidence that food insecurity continues to affect the Nigerien population.

Food Security status of rural farming households in Iwo, Ayedire and Ayedaade local government areas of Osun state, south-westerrn Nigeria

This research work reports on the food security status of rural farming households in selected Local Government Areas (LGA’s) of Osun State in the South-west Geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The objectives were to estimate extent and magnitude of food insecurity in the study area and determine factors that affect household food security. Three of the thirty LGA’s were selected using stratified random sampling method, based on the geographical location, extent and number of rural population and variations in the socio-economic characteristics of households. The LGA’s were Iwo, Ayedaade and Ayedire. Fifty rural households were then selected from each of the local governments using the random sampling method. One hundred and fifty copies of the questionnaire were administered out of which 103 fully completed and certified responses were used as representative samples for the study area. Food security status of the households was analyzed based on the calorie requirement for all household members. The food security measures applied in this research were Head Count Method, Food Insecurity Gap and Squared Food Insecurity Gap to capture successively more detailed aspects of the food insecurity status of the households. It was found that majority of the rural farming households in the area were food insecure as most of them subsist below the food security line which is 2,280 Kcal in this study. Using the recommended calorie approach, it was discovered that 69.9% of the population were food insecure. In comparison to food insecure households, food secure households have a small family size, earn a high monthly income and make use of modern farm inputs. It is, therefore, advised that food security policy strategies to be put in place by the government should consider the socio-economic characteristics of households in order to achieve more than a marginal reduction in the number of food insecure households.

The role of livestock diversification in ensuring household food security under a changing climate in Borana, Ethiopia

While food insecurity is a growing concern across the developing nations, accentuated by climate variability and change, it could be even worse for pastoralists given their unpredictable exposure to climate risks. The Borana herders experience food insecurity as a result of recurring droughts causing huge losses of cattle, and are thus increasingly shifting from cattle pastoralism to multi-species herding. The present study examines the role of livestock diversification in combating household food insecurity using herders’ perceptions, a modified household food insecurity access scale (mHFIAS) and dietary diversity score. Herders perceived child growth, adult height and body condition to be decreasing as a result of declining milk production and changing dietary trends. Results also revealed a high level of seasonal food insecurity and low dietary diversity with the majority (81 %) consuming one to three food groups. Livestock diversification was a major factor affecting household food security. Households practising diversification had significantly fewer months of food deficit (2.3 vs. 3.8), lower mHFIAS (5.5 vs. 8.7) and a higher average off-take in the form of livestock sales (7.4 vs. 4.0) than non-diversified ones. Diversification improved dietary intake of specific food groups and the average number of meals consumed per day. While fruits, eggs and fish are not part of the Borana diet, a large number of respondents consumed no vegetables (93 %) or meat (96 %), potentiating the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. This study highlights the particular significance of livestock diversification, among other socio-demographic factors, in attaining food security under a changing climate in the study area.

Review on the Effect of Women Status in the Fisher and Rice Farmer Households on Family Food Security at Pangkep District, Indonesia

This research reviews and analyzes the effect of women status in the household and its component on the food security of fisher and rice farmer households in two different villages, which are Bontomanai Village at coastal region and Taraweang Village at rice producer region, Labakkang Subdistrict, Pangkep District, South Sulawesi Province. Two hundreds of respondents are involved consisting 100 fisher households and 100 rice farmer households. Respondents are selected by simple random sampling. Multiple regression model is used to determine the factors affecting household food security. Of two household groups and using food range as the indicator of household food security, fisher household shows relatively better degree of food security than rice farmer household. Result of research indicates that women status is not having obvious effect on household food security although it has all conforming signs. Household income and household economic base have obvious effect on household food security. Keywords: Gender, Fisher, Rice Farmer, Food Security, Pangkep

Food Security of the Hill Tracts of Chittagong in Bangladesh

Abstract This paper presents the status of food security of the Hill Tracts of Chittagong in Bangladesh and the factors affecting household food security. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources and a multi-stage sampling was designed for selecting the farm households. A quantitative method is used for computation of food security at upazila (sub-district) level. Multiple logit regression models are fitted to the data on food security of the farmers to identify the factors affecting food security at household level. Overall status of food security at upazila level is good for all the upazilas except Rangamati Sadar. Logit analysis shows that household food security is significantly affected by farm size, types of inhabitants, professions and crops cultivated. Logit analysis also shows that transition from jhum to horticulture is significantly influenced by farm size, education and distance to market. It is concluded that transition from jhum to horticulture enhances food security.

Do Formal Savings Feed Food Security? Evidence from a Matched Pair, Cluster-Randomized Encouragement Trial in Rural Malawi

Does access to formal financial services affect household food security? To date, research has answered this question by focusing on rural credit, by using simple measures of food security, and by relying on quasi-experimental designs. By contrast, this paper concentrates on microsavings, employs multi-dimensional indices of food security, and conducts a field experiment to induce product take-up. Using a cluster-randomized encouragement trial, this study exploits several different identifications strategies to estimate the impact of savings on food security. Furthermore, exploiting an external income shock that affected several savers, this evaluates whether the affected population experiences a heterogeneous impact of savings on food security. Results suggest that the overall impact of savings on food security is modest to none, for all dimensions of food security.

Measuring Household Food Insecurity in Selected Local Government Areas of Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria

Food security is defined in its most basic form as access to adequate safe and nutritious food required for healthy and active life by all people at all times. Availability of food and access are two essential determinants of food security. A number of factors such as income educational level household sizes are known to affect household food security. Food insecurity hunger and poverty are closely linked. The level of poverty in Nigeria is high and the percentage of food insecure households in Nigeria was reported to be 18% in 1986 and over 40% in 1998 the level in 2005 is not known. This study was therefore designed to assess the food security status of households in some selected local government areas in two of the large cities (Lagos and Ibadan) in Nigeria. A previous administration of this module suggested that food security is associated with income and the households studied here have steady and definable income. The study therefore was undertaken to describe the food security status of households headed or managed by teachers employed in secondary and primary public and private schools. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design with a sample size of 482 households that were selected using random sampling techniques. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire (USDA 18-Question Household Food Security Questionnaire Module). Descriptive statistics such as frequencies means and standard deviation were employed in the analysis of the data. The results obtained from the study show that the prevalence of food security (26 per cent) in teachers households in both Lagos and Ibadan was low and the food security status of the teachers household in Lagos was better (p<0.05) than of households in Ibadan. The results of the study also identified income status and the educational status of the household head to influence the food security in those households. A household food insecurity of over 70% in this study is unacceptably high. (authors)