Aesthetic Measures Research Articles

Liposuction and Lipoinjection in Defining the Interactive Areas of the Back, Thighs, and Buttocks, for a More Enhanced Gluteoplasty

The measurements of beautiful buttocks have varied according to patient preference, different cultures, and ethnicity. There are great differences in the ideal aesthetic measurements of the buttocks among ethnic groups. In this work, the authors introduce an easy and versatile method for the assessment of “Gluteal-Related Aesthetic Subunits.” This method works as a tool to perform liposuction and lipoinjection, to treat the variety of differences in patients’ racial, cultural, personal preferences, and ethnic-related demands, thus improving the results of gluteal aesthetic surgery. This study was carried out on 148 patients, at plastic and reconstructive surgery department, Tanta University hospitals, and in private practice, in the period between 2010 and 2018. The aesthetic assessment and surgical planning were performed according to the criteria suggested by the authors of this work. Patient’s satisfaction showed excellent results in 104 (70.2%) patients, good results in 39 (26.4%) patients, fair results in 5 (3.4%) patients, and no poor results. Clinical assessment showed excellent results in 96 (64.8%) patients, good results in 44 (29.7%) patients, fair results in 8 (5.5%) patients, and no poor results were reported. (1) We believe that this classification of buttock areas is a valuable step that could help in achieving the required results that are more satisfactory to different types of patients. (2) Despite all the merits of this analytical tool and the advantages of the innovations in liposuction, some limitations remain. Fat transfer alone will not treat and even may worsen ptosis.

Development of patient-reported outcome measures of children's oral health aesthetics.

To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of child- and parent-proxy measures of oral health aesthetics. Items that describe children's perceptions of their oral attractiveness and its impact on social, emotional, and behavioural functioning were developed based on a systematic review of existing measures, clinician feedback (n=13) and child semi-structured interviews (n=27). The tools' content validity was assessed in cognitive interviews with 21 children. Items were administered to socio-demographically diverse samples of 998 children aged 8-17years and 626 parents of children aged 5-17years. Psychometric methods were used to finalize and calibrate item banks, generate short questionnaire forms, and evaluate the tools' reliability, precision and validity. The item banks and their short forms provide precise measurement across a wide range of oral health aesthetic states. They measure relevant and meaningful positive and negative experiences using terminology that most children as young as 8years of age can understand. Known-group comparisons and convergence with existing measures of oral health-related quality of life, global health and body image provide evidence of construct validity. The scores are interpretable relative to the US general population. The oral health aesthetic item banks and short forms provide precise and valid assessments of children's satisfaction with their oral appearance. They may be useful for targeting and evaluating paediatric dental and orthodontic care in clinical practice and research settings.

Alar Base Augmentation Using Vomerine Bone Graft in Patients With Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity.

Although many trials have been made to augment the unilateral alar base depression, the ultimate aesthetic satisfaction has proven difficult to achieve. In our study, we present a novel submucosal dissection technique to harvest the vomer bone and use it as an onlay graft to correct the alar base depression. We collected a prospective cohort study of 11 patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Using CorelDRAW X7 software, we obtained perioperative clinical photographs to analyze the nostril and lateral lip morphometric measurements on the cleft side. Computed tomography scans were used to assess the required graft's volume and to detect resorption. We performed vomerine ostectomy and placed and fixed the bone graft in with a lag screw over the alar base depression. The nostril width showed a significant increase, in addition to the height/width ratio. The columellar angle with the lateral lip height increased remarkably, with a general improvement in the nasal tip aesthetics. The vomer bone graft has been shown to correct the lateral and inferior disorientation of the alar base and improve the nostril and nasal tip aesthetic measurements. The vomer bone is therefore a sufficient bone source for grafting with high viability and no resorption.

Is your smartphone ugly? Importance of aesthetics in young people's intention to continue using smartphones

ABSTRACT This research intends to understand the relationship between aesthetics and young people's intention to continue using smartphones. In particular, the study validates a research model that proposes aesthetics as an antecedent of variables that explain the intention to continue using smartphones (performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit). An online questionnaire was conducted to develop the empirical study in two countries of South America, using a non-random sample of young smartphone users. A total of 306 valid answers were analysed using a structural equation modelling approach. The validation of the research model was based on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate, on the one hand, the validation of the scale of measurement of smartphone aesthetics in Latin America and, on the other hand, the research model explains 52% of the intention to continue using a smartphone. In conclusion, the findings support the idea that aesthetics is a necessary antecedent to explain the continued use of smartphones. This study contributes to the professional field of marketing and design in the sense of understanding what makes young smartphone consumers continue using them.

Informational Aesthetics—What Is the Relationship between Art Intelligence and Information?

The author examines the notion of informational aesthetics. The origin of aesthetics lies in Epicurus’s notion of aesthesis and the integration of artistic activity within ethics and the ‘good life’—as in the aesthetic theory and practice of the East. The debasement of the word ‘aesthetic’ reflects the increasing alienation of beauty from imagination. The fragmentation of art now packaged as media objects in our digital world is the legacy of this alienation. The author retraces the history of the concept of information aesthetics developed in the 1960s by Birkhoff, Bense and Mole and which sought to marry mathematics, computation and semiotics with artistic activity, based on Birkhoff’s aesthetic measure, and to bridge the gap between science and the humanistic imagination. The failure of the cognitive school is attributed to the limitations of its data-driven view of art itself as an affordance of perception (Arnheim). The roles of algorithmically generated art and of Computational Aesthetic Evaluation (CAE) are assessed. An appeal is made to the more fertile conceptual ground of information civilization—an idea developed by Professor Kun Wu. The author introduces the concept of digital iconography and applies it to Renaissance masterpieces such as Raphael’s School of Athens and Leonardo’s Mona Lisa. In conclusion, Informational Aesthetics is identified as a future discipline for the Philosophy of Information.

Gaze Information Channel in Van Gogh's Paintings.

This paper uses quantitative eye tracking indicators to analyze the relationship between images of paintings and human viewing. First, we build the eye tracking fixation sequences through areas of interest (AOIs) into an information channel, the gaze channel. Although this channel can be interpreted as a generalization of a first-order Markov chain, we show that the gaze channel is fully independent of this interpretation, and stands even when first-order Markov chain modeling would no longer fit. The entropy of the equilibrium distribution and the conditional entropy of a Markov chain are extended with additional information-theoretic measures, such as joint entropy, mutual information, and conditional entropy of each area of interest. Then, the gaze information channel is applied to analyze a subset of Van Gogh paintings. Van Gogh artworks, classified by art critics into several periods, have been studied under computational aesthetics measures, which include the use of Kolmogorov complexity and permutation entropy. The gaze information channel paradigm allows the information-theoretic measures to analyze both individual gaze behavior and clustered behavior from observers and paintings. Finally, we show that there is a clear correlation between the gaze information channel quantities that come from direct human observation, and the computational aesthetics measures that do not rely on any human observation at all.

Design characteristics and aesthetics in evolutionary design of architectural forms directed by fuzzy evaluation

AbstractThis paper deals with design characteristics-oriented approach to architectural design based on the combination of three methods – recognition, generation, and evaluation. Design characteristics are understood as a set of specific features which constitute a discriminant of a class of architectural forms. The Biederman recognition-by-components theory is used to recognize the design structure. An evolutionary algorithm, which serves as a generative tool, is driven by the fuzzy evaluation based on Birkhoff's aesthetic measure. Phenotypes of architectural objects are seen as configurations of Biederman's basic components essential for visual perception. Genotypes of these objects are represented by graphs with bonds, where nodes represent object components, node bonds represent component surfaces, while graph edges represent relations between surfaces. Graph evolutionary operators, that is, crossover and mutation, are defined in such a way that they preserve characteristic features seen as design requirements specified for designed objects. The fitness function is determined by the fuzzy evaluation of designs based on Birkhoff's aesthetic measure for polygons adapted for three-dimensional solids. The approach is illustrated by examples of designing objects with the use of a fuzzy evaluation mechanism, which takes into account both aesthetic criteria and the degree to which design requirements corresponding to object characteristic features are satisfied.

An Aesthetic Measurement Approach for Evaluating Product Appearance Design

After completing the market positioning of products, catering for the functional and emotional needs of consumers is the key to achieve the success of product design. In the present study, the psychological theory is employed to screen the subjects and quantitatively evaluate the alternative design schemes to ensure the optimal design scheme. Then, an evaluation method of product appearance design based on eye tracking and aesthetic perception measurement is obtained. With the design of campus street lamp as an example, this paper evaluates the appearance design of products using emotional measurement and eye tracking technology. IAPS is used to screen out the participants who can represent the emotions and aesthetic experience of the public. Subsequently, the index system of aesthetic evaluation is established according to aesthetic theory, and the transformation relationship between aesthetic evaluation index and physiological eye movement index is determined. Finally, the eye tracking technology is used to evaluate the aesthetic feeling of each alternative, and the best design schemes are obtained. This study aims to explore a simple, practical, and low-cost product design evaluation method. As a hotspot in the research field of product design methodology, emotional design has broad prospects for application. Moreover, this paper also proposes a new direction for the development of emotional design research, which is based on quantitative analysis with the supplement of qualitative analysis.

Assessment of aesthetical quality of architectural elements of Colonial buildings in Jalan Basuki Rahmat, Malang

Karakter suatu bangunan dibentuk oleh beberapa elemen. Diantaranya adalah elemen arsitektural. Elemen arsitektural bisa dinilai menggunakan skala penilaian kualitas estetika. Nilai estetika berkaitan erat dengan persepsi masyarakat. Bangunan Kolonial di Jalan Basuki Rahmat Malang memiliki karakter yang khas sehingga patut dilestarikan. Penilaian estetika bangunan merupakan langkah awal dalam upaya pelestarian bangunan Kolonial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas estetika elemen arsitektural bangunan Kolonial di Jalan Basuki Rahmat Malang. Kuesioner digunakan untuk pengambilan data. Pengukuran kualitas estetika dilakukan dengan menggunakan semantic differential scale. Masyarakat diminta menilai kualitas estetika bangunan berdasarkan persepsinya masing-masing dengan melihat foto. Data dianalisis menggunakan descriptive statistics, independent samples test, dan linier regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa elemen arsitektural yang berdampak paling signifikan terhadap keindahan bangunan kolonial adalah fasade. Bangunan kolonial dengan nilai estetika tertinggi adalah Gereja Hati Kudus Yesus Malang.

Photogrammetry of Chin as a Requisite Preoperative Evaluation of Cosmetic Rhinoplasty

Introduction: The aim of this study is evaluation of chin deformities and their role in rhinoplasty cosmetic surgery outcomes via photogrammetry of chin. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross sectional one. All photos of rhinoplasty surgery candidates of three hospitals (Amir Aalam, Imam Khomeini and Razi of Tehran) which were taken in standard lateral position via SLR cameras were assessed through Adobe Photoshop CS, in order to determine four different aesthetic measurements. Except for excluded photos due to our excluding criteria or technical problems, all photographs were evaluated carefully. Results: 144 photos of patients were enrolled. The oldness of patients ranges between below 20 up to above; 65.99 patients were female (68.8%) and 45 were male. 73 patients (50.7%) had an abnormal silver condition. Moreover 9 patients (6.3%) with abnormal nasomental, 124 patients with abnormal status of Gonzalez-Ulloa (93.8%), 63 patients (43.8%) with unusual status of Ricketts’ E line/upper and 49 patients (34%) with abnormal Ricketts’ E line/lower status can be demonstrated. Discussion: Performing a photogrammetric study for candidates of cosmetic rhinoplasty also a chin examination as a mandatory preoperative assessment seems to be essential. Due to the lack of studies in this field, more studies are necessary.

Dar forma ao impublicável: Carolina Maria de Jesus e sua arte

Resumo Este artigo apresenta procedimentos estéticos que Carolina Maria de Jesus usou para tornar publicáveis, em Quarto de despejo, materiais que ela considerava impublicáveis. Tais procedimentos permitem conhecer alguns dos traços de um projeto estético e intelectual que parece ter orientado a escrita e a leitura de Carolina desde meados dos anos 1950 até sua morte em 1977.

Multi-factor Coupling Design Based on Aesthetic Measure, Ergonomics, and Performance

Multi-factor Coupling Design Based on Aesthetic Measure, Ergonomics, and Performance

Multimodal optimization design of product forms based on aesthetic evaluation

In order to obtain beautiful product form scheme, we propose a multimodal optimisation design method for product form based on quantitative aesthetic evaluation. A system of aesthetic measures was established for aesthetic characteristics leaning on alignment of aesthetic principles and gestalt principles. Comprehensive evaluations were achieved with the nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) method, which was based on the system characteristics of aesthetic cognition. To simulate the underlying design thinking, the multimodal optimisation design system was realised utilising niche artificial fish-swarm algorithm (NAFSA). The multimodal optimisation system is able to provide a variety of alternative scheme candidates for design decision-making. We demo the efficacy and robustness of this design system with a study of evolutionary design of the front faces of small vehicles.

Multimodal optimisation design of product forms based on aesthetic evaluation

In order to obtain beautiful product form scheme, we propose a multimodal optimisation design method for product form based on quantitative aesthetic evaluation. A system of aesthetic measures was established for aesthetic characteristics leaning on alignment of aesthetic principles and gestalt principles. Comprehensive evaluations were achieved with the nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) method, which was based on the system characteristics of aesthetic cognition. To simulate the underlying design thinking, the multimodal optimisation design system was realised utilising niche artificial fish-swarm algorithm (NAFSA). The multimodal optimisation system is able to provide a variety of alternative scheme candidates for design decision-making. We demo the efficacy and robustness of this design system with a study of evolutionary design of the front faces of small vehicles.

Construct validity of the Trunk Aesthetic Clinical Evaluation (TRACE) in young people with idiopathic scoliosis.

Aesthetics is recognized as a main outcome in idiopathic scoliosis (IS) treatment, but to date, there is no criterion standard for physicians' evaluation. Trunk Aesthetic Clinical Evaluation (TRACE) is a simple 12-point ordinal scale to quantify symmetry as a proxy of aesthetics. TRACE is already diffused worldwide and has been used in clinical research. We aimed to validate TRACE and improve it with Rasch analysis. This study involved an observational Rasch analysis validation of an evaluation tool in outpatient rehabilitation centres. From a clinical database, we randomly selected patients who had IS, were age 10 to 18, had brace prescription at first evaluation, and had at least 2 consultations. Rasch analysis (partial credit model) was used. Differential item functioning (DIF) was assessed for age, sex, disease severity, bracing and treatment. The median was chosen to dichotomize disease severity and bracing. We removed 64 outlier participants (4%). We included 1553 participants (1334 females; mean [SD] age 13 [1.7] years old). TRACE items showed ordered thresholds and proper fit to the Rasch model. The score-to-measure conversion table showed proper length (range -4.55 to 4.79 logit) with a mean (SE) measure of -0.52 (0.04) logit. The principal component analysis supported the TRACE unidimensionality. The TRACE was free from DIF for age, sex and bracing. The TRACE ordinal scale has been converted into a Rasch-consistent, interval-level measure of trunk aesthetics in IS patients and can be used to compare different populations. Its main flaw is low reliability, likely because of the small number of items. TRACE can be used as an outcome measure and in everyday clinical evaluation of IS, even if new developments of the scale are advised.

Dermal Triangular Flaps to Prevent Pseudoptosis in Mastopexy Surgery: The Hammock Technique.

This paper describes a new mastopexy technique developed for moderate to severe ptosis/pseudoptosis associated with upper pole deflation. Considering some of the commonest risk factors generally considered predictive of worse outcomes (massive weight loss, multiple pregnancies, skin quality, smoking, age), we aimed to assess whether this technique could be beneficial in the support of the desired breast shape over time. Twelve patients, all featuring 1 or more of the abovementioned preoperative risk factors, were operated on by the same senior surgeon with the hammock mastopexy technique using dermal flaps as a support for the glandular reshaping (6 bilateral mastopexies and 6 unilateral mastopexies for contralateral symmetrization after breast reconstruction). Patients' characteristics, such as smoking, weight loss, or multiparity with consequent inelastic skin, age, and lengthy nipple-areola complex lift, were considered as independent risk factors for ptosis recurrence and bottoming out. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of their risk factors. Aesthetic results were assessed at 12 months postoperatively. Changes in postoperative were assessed for each patient by breast measurements and a superposition of the standardized breast photographs. Long-term outcomes were compared with a control group of 6 patients who benefited from mastopexy without "hammock technique." Satisfactory maintenance of shape and stable nipple-areola complex position was seen at 12 months regardless of the number of risk factors. However, a statistically significant difference was found in lower pole lengthening between patients with more than 3 risk factors compared to other groups. Aesthetic measurement results were consistent between the patient and surgeon reporting a satisfying cosmetic result, regardless of the number of risk factors. In the control group, we found a significant increase in breast lower pole measurements at 12 months when compared with the hammock group. This mastopexy technique improves projection and reinforces the lower pole support with lateral and medial dermal flaps. The technique is safe and reliable and provides easily reproducible results for patients with risk factors for postoperative pseudoptosis.

A Comparative Study to Find Out the Aesthetic Relationship between Facial and Dental Parameters in Saudi Population

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between dental complex and facial parameters (bizygomatic width, interalar width, and inter-papillary plane) among the Saudi population. Methods and materials: Patients visiting dental clinics at Riyadh Elm University were incorporated for the present study. Total of 200 volunteers (100 males and 100 females) were included, with a mean age of 26.51 ± 6.33 and 26.58 ± 5.54, for males and females, respectively. Measurements for the bizygomatic width (BZ) relation with the width of the upper central incisor (CI), interalar width (IA) relation with the width of maxillary intercanine (IC), and interpupillary plane parallelism with the upper dental plane were carried for every volunteer with the help of digital caliper, fox plane and casts. All the comparisons were made in the light of aesthetic rules. A written and signed consent form was obtained from each volunteer before their inclusion in the experiment. To measure the relationship between dental complex parameters with facial parameters among all the volunteers, Pearson’s correlation test was performed. Results: A weak to moderate positive correlation was found in BZ (facial parameter) and IC (dental complex parameter), as well as for IC (dental complex parameter) and IA (facial parameter). In contrast, a weak negative correlation was observed for CI (dental complex parameter) and IA (facial parameter), and also CI (dental complex parameter) and BZ (facial parameter). The measurements for inter-pupillary and occlusal planes of all subjects exhibited parallel to each other. Conclusion: A positive and strong aesthetic relationship between facial features and dental complex is present among the Saudi population. Furthermore, aesthetic measurements among the Saudi population also tends to be parallel to current standard of aesthetic practices.

Fractal design in streetscape: Rethinking the visual aesthetics of building elevation composition

Each stylistic movement in building design and within its context throughout history is meant to possess a distinct visual character that is measurable in some way. From another perspective, building aesthetic measures in architecture have regularity included both experience and theories. Current styles of architecture are full of irregularity using a series of geometric construction which parametrically repeat themselves to produce complex images that could be defined as fractal. Recently, studying contemporary fractal dimensions in architecture has become significant as has been the metallic ratios in the past. In this study, fractal analysis is used to interpret current building elevation composition in a mathematical quantifiable way (boxcounting method). These measures are then verified by comparing results of questionnaires focused on habitats' perception of visual aesthetics of building elevation composition. This paper attempts to try to understand how fractal geometry contributes to the perception of buildings in their context and its participation in aesthetics measures. Findings confirm that highly dense fractals are not necessarily visually unpleasant, and that visual aesthetics are not correlated to fractal dimensions. This is due to the too many variables and conditions that are involved.

Web 上の大規模データの解析による Moon & Spencer の色彩調和論における「美度」の妥当性の検証

Web 上の大規模データの解析による Moon & Spencer の色彩調和論における「美度」の妥当性の検証

The culturological content of the identity concept

The purpose of the article is to outline the meaning of cultural identity, disclosure of the correlation of cultural, religious and artistic components of the identification process. The research highlights the role of mental culture, including religious art, in formation of self-consciousness and self-affirmation of the nation in the civilizational progress Ukraine. The mental influence of orthodoxy as a religious pivot in the formation of national cultural identity is also noted. The methodology of the exploration was manifested in using cultural approach to the concept of identity, the dialectical methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, simile, which made it possible to detach the range of problems. The scientific novelty consists in that it clarifies the cultural concept of identity in the context of the world-view, religious, and aesthetic measurements. The understanding of the mental influence of Ukrainian orthodoxy on the formation of the national content of cultural identity also deepens in the article. Conclusions. It was substantiated that the creation of the Ukrainian State-political identity, focusing on the joint future existence while preserving and development of the ethnic, cultural and religious identities can significantly promote to strengthening social unity of the country, society, significantly strengthen the State. In the research, it is noted that consolidating factor here is culture and religion in their attempt to develop a common system of values, which must be based on acceptance of the priority of respectfulness to each person, each ethno-confessional community religious tolerance that provides the definitive approval of the cultural and national identity.