Aesthetic Criteria Research Articles

Food Styling and Food Photography with Generative AI

In the research, 8 dishes from Turkish Cuisine (İmambayıldı and zeytinyağlı enginar (artichoke with olive oil) for the olive oil theme, Adana kebab and Hünkâr beğendi for the main course theme, fırında sütlaç (baked rice pudding) and pumpkin dessert for the dessert theme, çay (Turkish tea) and Turkish coffee for the beverage theme) were produced separately using Adobe Firefly 3 and Dall-E 3 Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, and the same number of real food photographs were added to them. Thirty-one volunteer professional food stylists and photographers participated in the study. Consequently, a total of 24 food images were created and evaluated by professionals according to aesthetic criteria. The participants indicated that there is no significant difference between food photos produced according to AI 1 application and real food photos. There was no significant difference between half of the photos produced with the AI 2 application and real food photos. There is a significant difference between 5 food images between the two AI applications. Participants emphasize low cost, fast and flexible production as strengths in the use of AI applications in food styling and photography. Weaknesses include surreal image production and aesthetic concerns. The potential opportunities include the acquisition of new perspectives, innovation and creativity. Conversely, the potential threats to be considered include ethical and moral concerns and copyright issues, as well as the risk of over-dependence on AI tools and the possibility of job losses.

Parody’s paradox: ‘Dover Beach’ versus ‘The Dover Bitch’

This article tests the notion that a literary critic might judge one poem to be demonstrably better than another. It does so by staging a contest between Matthew Arnold’s ‘Dover Beach’ and Anthony Hecht’s parody ‘The Dover Bitch’. Pitting Arnold versus Hecht raises several questions: how subjective, or prescriptive, can a critic be in defining standards for poetry? What values necessarily factor into a reader’s aesthetic criteria, and how do these values work with, or against, the formal, thematic, and ethical freedoms poets require? Can a parody ever outshine the original? By closely comparing the details of each poem, the article ultimately demonstrates parody’s desire to become what it mocks while also arguing for the importance of evaluation to literary studies. The article concludes by declaring who did Dover best—suggesting what ‘best’ might mean in the context of these two particular poems. This article arises from a British Academy Lecture delivered on 21 March 2024.

The Role of Aesthetic Labor in Human Resource Management Practices: A Qualitative Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of aesthetic labor in human resource management practices and to present a descriptive framework of aesthetic labor experiences. The study, which adopted a phenomenological design, focused on cabin officers, sales consultants, human resources managers and store managers in the aviation and retail sectors. Interviews were conducted face-to-face, by phone or online video chat. Content analysis method was used in the research. The findings of the study are presented under the themes of “selection”, “employee training”, “disciplinary practices”, “performance evaluation”, “employee rewarding” and “dismissal”. As a result of the research, it was observed that candidates were evaluated according to aesthetic criteria determined for their appearance, speaking style and demeanor in recruitment interviews. In order to improve aesthetic effort, employees are given trainings on hair, make-up, grooming, uniforms and customers. Disciplinary practices, supervision and warnings are experienced intensively.

Il serpente fra mito, rito e tradizione. Note a partire da due coltelli con motivi ofidici

This article aims to investigate the figure of the serpent through some of the most widespread myths and legends in various cultures. The study starts from the presence of two knives with ophidian motifs in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology in Florence. The snake can in fact be seen both as a treacherous and diabolical animal and as a symbol of rebirth and wisdom. The presence of snake motifs in knives of different origins, in addition to responding to aesthetic criteria, is closely linked to widespread traditions, mythology and rituals found in many cultures around the world.

Topiary and false jewels: Adam Smith on magnificence, aesthetic value, and market value

ABSTRACT In his essay, “Of the Nature of That Imitation Which Takes Place in What Are Called the Imitative Arts,” Adam Smith discusses two examples, topiary and false jewels, apparently coming to opposed conclusions: that aesthetic value is, and that it is not, independent of market value. I unpack the reasoning behind these conclusions, arguing that Smith’s position is consistent: he recognizes that aesthetic value can be occluded by market prices—as when one dismisses the beauty of something cheap out of snobbery—or heightened by them, as in the case of the aesthetic value of magnificence. Because aesthetic value can thus be heightened or corrupted by market value on Smith’s analysis, I suggest, speculatively, that for Smith the bad influence of economic considerations in aesthetic matters (faulty snobbery or an economically-derived corruption of taste) is identified by reference to moral, not purely aesthetic criteria.

Aesthetics, Judgement and the Sensus Communis in Kant, Derrida and Sincer

This article ofers an account of Jacques Derrida’s reading of Kant’s Critique of Judgement, drawing out its implication for an understanding of the signifcance of aesthetic judgement in Kant, and in general. It argues that strictures identifed by Derrida, concerning aesthetics and judgment, the role of analogy, instability in diferentiations of beauty and the sublime, in ideas of the parergon and problematics of the sensus communis, are interrelated. It indicates how such problematics recurred in Clement Greenberg’s Modernist accounts of painting, echoing displaced reiterations of aesthetic criteria in Kant’s articulation of the sensus communis and in analogical argumentation, concerning the theorisation of art, and judgements of beauty and the sublime. The article concludes by showing how readings of the sublime, by Jean-Luc Nancy, Jean-François Lyotard and Jacques Rancière, and the beautiful, by Paul Guyer, fail to allow for the productive plurality of responses that Derrida’s reading suggests.

Noise reducing elements filled with laminated safety glass (LSG) for use along railway lines

The main purpose of noise barriers is to shield the environment from unwanted sound. Along railway lines, noise barriers must also meet strict requirements for structural integrity, usability and fatigue safety. Furthermore, noise barriers should satisfy aesthetic criteria. Transparent noise barriers have less impact on the environment and are more widely accepted by the public. In Germany, PMMA (acrylic glass) is currently the only transparent material approved for railway noise reducing elements. Laminated safety glass (LSG) could be a viable alternative due to its high rigidity and transparency, comparatively low dirt accumulation and high chemical and physical resistance. However, it still needs to be demonstrated that LSG meets the strict requirements for use along railway lines. LSG is a type of laminated glass that has a splitter-binding intermediate layer of plastics. The multi-layered structure presents challenges regarding the proof of usability. MFPA Leipzig GmbH was commissioned by the German Centre for Rail Traffic Research at the Federal Railway Authority to develop and evaluate possible methods to prove the usability of LSG for noise barriers along railway lines. The paper presents the structure of the project, the main findings until now and the open challenges to be addressed.

Optimizing AI-Powered Music Creation Social Media to Amplify Learning Content

This research aims to describe the orienting, implementing, and assessing aspects constructed by music teachers in optimizing AI-powered music creation social media to amplify learning content. This research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman model with the stages, 1) data collection, 2) data reduction, 3) data presentation, 4) conclusion drawing/verification. Data validity used triangulation techniques, including source and technical triangulation. The results show that, orientatively, the experience of interacting with technological advances and social dynamics has shaped the respondents' knowledge and understanding, not only on various types and functions, but also in determining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the platform. Implementatively, in line with the values of music education, the integration of a platform that amplifies content into learning is used to engage students' creative dimensions where cognitive, affective, and psychomotor are bound to the ethical principles of AI use and aesthetic criteria of music. By assessment, the involvement of peer teachers and students provided an important drive in establishing effectiveness, impact, and support from stakeholders. This study recommends that the development of AI used in creation is a new challenge for music teachers in strengthening the integrity of their professionalism. The utilization of these tools and resources makes it easier for them to be creative in clarifying and emphasizing the elements of musical sound to build effective and valuable learning.

Evaluation of Native Festuca Taxa for Sustainable Application in Urban Environments: Their Characteristics, Ornamental Value, and Germination in Different Growing Media

This research is part of a Hungarian Research OTKA project that examines the vegetation of sandy grasslands along the Danube. During this study, Festuca wagneri and Festuca tomanii were identified as potentially suitable grass species for urban planting and turf establishment based on preliminary research. Our aim was to determine the germination success of seeds from aesthetically selected individuals and to identify the growing media on which they germinate most effectively. From the collected Festuca individuals, we analyzed 30 specimens of each taxon under garden conditions and selected the individuals for germination. The Festuca tomanii individuals were uniform, so we selected only 5 individuals. The Festuca wagneri individuals were categorized into three groups: leaves and inflorescence densely upright, inflorescence shoots spread out, and low ’dwarf’ form (compact and dense but short in stature). It was assumed that Festuca species seeds would germinate better in sandy soils. To test our hypothesis, seeds from ten Festuca wagneri and five Festuca tomanii individuals, selected based on aesthetic criteria, were sown in six different substrates: a sand–peat mixture, sand, coconut fiber, peat, coconut fiber–sand mixture, and native sandy soil (Calcaric Arenosol). Contrary to our expectations, the growth and germination rates of seeds sown in peat and coconut fiber substrates were higher than those in native sandy soil. These results suggest that Festuca seeds germinate better on substrates resembling dead plant debris with a peat-like structure or on the surface of live mosses rather than on bare sand. Among the examined individuals, the seeds from the spreading Festuca wagneri group exhibited the highest germination rate, making this group particularly suitable for urban environments. Additionally, one of the upright Festuca wagneri individuals showed the highest leaf average length and should also be considered for urban planting. In contrast, despite their uniform appearance, the Festuca tomanii individuals did not demonstrate similar germination trends. In fact, the seeds from two clumps did not germinate at all, indicating that further research is necessary.

Identifikasi Fungsi dan Kriteria Estetika Taman Kota Pasif di Kota Semarang

As population and human activity surge, Green Open Space (RTH) in cities is increasingly being pushed, changing its function to housing and infrastructure. In fact, green open space and city governance play an important role in creating comfortable housing. Urbanparks, as a type of green open space, come in two types: active and passive. In Semarang, the construction of passive urban parks is being promoted. This research identifies the functions and aesthetic criteria of passive urban parks in Semarang. A qualitative descriptive method with triangulation of theory, sources and methods is used to analyze the data. The research results show that passive urban parks in Semarang have aesthetic functions, specifically: beautifying the visual environment and supporting city planning; Increase productivity, creativity and architectural beauty; and displaying regional characteristics through monuments or directional signs. Meanwhile, the aesthetic criteria for passive urban parks in Semarang include: unity and consistency of design elements; balance between garden elements; variations in plant height and color; selection of contrasting plant colors; repetition of elements or patterns; beautiful garden shape; strategic location in the middle of the city, main roads or road islands. It is hoped that these findings can be a guide in developing passive urban parks in Semarang so that they suit their intended purpose and maximize their benefits for the community.

«Хороший слог» и «новая художественность» в журнальной полемике 1860-1870-х годов

The research aims to determine the mutual influence of the principles of democratic criticism and raznochinets (“mixed-title”) literature in the 1860s-1870s. The work examines the issues related to the denial of artisticity as an important aesthetic criterion, as well as to the attempt to diminish the authority of literature with a “good style”, which “real critics” attributed to “aristocratic” literature. The paper considers the polemics of those years related to the socio-literary definition of the new stage of democratic literature with a social orientation, which was presented in magazines and by writers. The influence of raznochinets prose on the development of new criteria for evaluating literary works is identified, the function of the rhetorical form of a “conversation with the reader” in terms of combining critical and literary discourse is analyzed, using the prose of A. Scheller-Mikhailov, F. Reshetnikov, and I. Fedorov-Omulevsky as examples. As a model for subsequent imitation by fiction writers, the “conversation with the reader” in N. G. Chernyshevsky’s novel “What Is To Be Done?” is considered in comparison with his concept of art in “The Aesthetic Relations of Art to Reality”. Scientific originality is determined by the comparative method, which allows the researcher to reveal the forms of discursive interaction at the level of the concept of criticism and its embodiment in literary practice. As a result, it was found that a “conversation with the reader” as a metatextual manifesto of the author’s program becomes a component in the concept of literature of the post-Gogol period.

Perception of dental appearance and aesthetic analysis among patients, laypersons and dentists.

Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective, influenced by the viewpoints of others. The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients, laypersons and dental practitioners. The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age, sex, education and dental specialty on the participants' judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria. Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire (DAQ). Two frontal photographs were taken, one during a smile and one with retracted lips. Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from (0-10), where 0 represent (absolutely unaesthetic) and 10 represent (absolutely aesthetic). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test analysis were measured for each group. Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance. Among laypersons (including 488 participants), 47 pictures "with lips" out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures "without lips". Among the dentist sample, 90 dentists' perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos "with lips" and "without lips" were the same for 23 out of 50 patients. Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients, laypersons and dentists. Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic. To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients, laypersons, and professional dentists, to evaluate the impact of age, sex, educational background, and income on the judgments made by laypersons, to assess the variations in experience, specialty, age, and sex on professional dentists' judgment, and to evaluate the role of lips, skin shade and tooth shade in different participants' judgments. Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ. Two frontal photographs were taken: one during a smile and one with retracted lips. Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from (0-10), where 0 represent (absolutely unaesthetic) and 10 represent (absolutely aesthetic). One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group. Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance. Among laypersons (including 488 participants), 47 pictures "with lips" out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures "without lips". Whereas among the dentist sample, 90 dentists' perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos "with lips" and "without lips" were the same for 23 out of 50 patients. Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients, laypersons and dentists. Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.

SmartGD: A GAN-Based Graph Drawing Framework for Diverse Aesthetic Goals.

While a multitude of studies have been conducted on graph drawing, many existing methods only focus on optimizing a single aesthetic aspect of graph layouts, which can lead to sub-optimal results. There are a few existing methods that have attempted to develop a flexible solution for optimizing different aesthetic aspects measured by different aesthetic criteria. Furthermore, thanks to the significant advance in deep learning techniques, several deep learning-based layout methods were proposed recently. These methods have demonstrated the advantages of deep learning approaches for graph drawing. However, none of these existing methods can be directly applied to optimizing non-differentiable criteria without special accommodation. In this work, we propose a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based deep learning framework for graph drawing, called SmartGD, which can optimize different quantitative aesthetic goals, regardless of their differentiability. To demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of SmartGD, we conducted experiments on minimizing stress, minimizing edge crossing, maximizing crossing angle, maximizing shape-based metrics, and a combination of multiple aesthetics. Compared with several popular graph drawing algorithms, the experimental results show that SmartGD achieves good performance both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Design and Development of an Automated PLC Electropneumatic Conveyor System Apparatus: An Industrial Process Simulator for Teaching Electrical/Electronics Technology Courses

The study was focused on the design and development of An Industrial Process Simulator for Teaching Electrical/ElectronicTechnology Courses . This project development research tried to achieve the following objectives: (1. To design and construct a valuable, innovative and inexpensive prototype for electrical and electronics instructional equipment; 2. Test the performance of the developed prototype in conformity to its design parameters and operational limitations; and 3. To determine the acceptability of the developed prototypes in terms of its functionality, aesthetics, economy, workability, durability, safety and instructional applicability). The five-point Likert’s scale was used to determine the descriptive meaning of the indicators of the variables used. Furthermore, the Weighted Average Mean (WAM) was used to interpret the equivalent meaning of the data gathered. Evaluation result shows that the project obtained an overall mean of 4.72 which means that the completed project is “HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE” to the evaluators based on the criteria of functionality, aesthetics, durability,workability economy, safety and instructional applicability

Ecological assessment of natural complexes in «Serednie Pobuzhzhia» regional landscape park: theory and practice

The article proposes a methodology for determining the ecological assessment of natural complexes in «Serednie Pobuzhzhia» regional landscape park (RLP) according to psychological, aesthetic and geographical and aesthetic criteria. The representative landscapes of the park, which covers an area of 2618.2 hectares and was established in 2009, are located within Tyvriv and Sutyska settlement territorial communities of Vinnytsia region. The park was created to preserve the integrity of the unique landscapes of the valley and water area of the Pivdennyi Buh river. The park is decorated with rapids on the Pivdennyi Buh river, which were formed in places where crystalline rocks of the Ukrainian shield come to the surface, often forming cascades and stretching for up to several kilometres. Some blocks of granite rise up to 1.5 m above the water, which forms the corresponding aesthetics of the landscape. The park is home to boreal, non-morphic and pontic vegetation, represented by rare, endemic and relict species. The Pivdennyi Buh river valley is of great importance for the conservation of biotic and landscape diversity and requires protection and rational use of its resources. One of the anthropogenic impacts on the park’s natural complexes is recreational pressure. Therefore, the authors established the maximum recreational load on the natural complexes of the studied park according to the distribution of landscape types — park, forest, non-forest. On the basis of the conducted research, it is argued that in order to preserve the representative and unique biotic and landscape diversity of the park in the structure of the Buzkyi longitudinal natural corridor of the national ecological network, it is necessary to introduce a set of measures, taking into account the recreational load. In order to preserve the representative biotic and landscape diversity in the structure of the ecological and Emerald networks, it is necessary to expand the area of «Serednie Pobuzhzhia» park and include «Nemyrivske Pobuzhzhia» regional landscape park with an area of 5,678 hectares, creating a single continuous national nature park.

Analysis of Gender Paradigms in the West and the East: An Example of Visual Arts

The article focuses on the differences between Eastern and Western art, characteristics of the representation of women's images in Eastern and Western art, and aesthetic criteria regarding women's images in Eastern and Western art. The author emphasized the need to understand the image of women in Eastern and Western visual artworks in different cultural and historical contexts and concluded that studying the image of women in visual art can help one better understand regional gender paradigm differences. To understand the representation of women in Eastern and Western cultures, it is necessary to first understand the differences and similarities between these two cultures in order to gain a deeper understanding of how women are portrayed in these cultures. A few of the differences that can be found between East and West include the geographical structure, the ethno-cultural colors, the social outlooks, and the aesthetic ideals of the two regions. In addition to these factors, it is also important to consider how the visual arts of the two regions differ in their methods, materials, and religious, philosophical and philosophical perspectives. Throughout the article, the author discusses these aspects in great detail, showing specific approaches as to how the female image is represented in Eastern and Western visual art traditions. As such, the article provides valuable insight into the cultural divide between East and West and how their respective artistic styles have interacted with each other.

Establishing Clinically Acceptable PES/WES Threshold for Single- Tooth Implant Restoration.

Determining the esthetic success of single-tooth implant restorations (STIR) requires an objective tool such as one devised by Belser et al., 2009 - pink esthetic scores and white esthetic scores (PES/WES). This study aimed to utilized PES/WES to establish threshold scores based on (1) detectability and (2) acceptability of a STIR by lay person perception, (3) to study the difference in the ability of laypeople and dentists in detecting the presence of STIR, and (4) to study the pink and white deficiencies in relation to the detectability of the presence of STIR. A total of 38 calibrated photographs of STIR in the anterior region were scored with PES/WES by 3 prosthodontists. Next, 100 laypeople and 60 dentists were instructed to identify the STIR among the anterior teeth and provide reasoning behind the identification (based on pink and white esthetic criteria). The acceptance of the STIR was recorded. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was utilized to determine the threshold scores. At the PES/WES score of 17, 71% of laypeople could not correctly identify the STIR, and at the PES/WES score of 12, 80% of laypeople accepted the implant. Out of 3,800 occasions, laypeople correctly identified the STIR 1,770 (46.58%) of those occasions. Among the correctly identified STIR, 751 (42.43%) of those occasions were identified with pink deficiencies and 1019 (57.57%) of those occasions were with white deficiencies. Out of 2,280 occasions, dentists correctly identified STIR 1869 (81.98%) of those occasions. The PES/WES score of 12 indicates the clinically acceptable threshold, while the score of 17 indicates the detectable threshold for an exceptional esthetic outcome. Laypeople tend to accept the implant despite its detectability. For both laypeople and dentists, root convexity/soft tissue color and texture are the most focused criteria of PES/WES, followed by overall white deficiencies that remain influential. Compared to laypeople, dentists tend to have a higher ability to detect STIR.

Establishing a Clinically Acceptable PES/WES Threshold for Single-Tooth Implant Restorations.

To determine the esthetic success of single-tooth implant restorations (STIRs) through pink and white esthetic scores (PES/WES). This study aimed to utilize PES/WES to (1) establish threshold scores based on detectability and acceptability of a STIR by layperson perception, (2) evaluate the difference in the ability of laypeople and dentists to detect the presence of a STIR, and (3) assess the pink and white deficiencies in relation to the detectability of a STIR. A total of 38 calibrated photographs of STIRs in the anterior region were scored with PES/WES by three prosthodontists. Next, 100 laypeople and 60 dentists were instructed to identify the STIR among the anterior teeth and provide reasoning behind the identification (based on pink and white esthetic criteria). The acceptance of the STIR was recorded. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the threshold scores. At the PES/WES score of 17, 71% of laypeople could not correctly identify the STIR, and at the PES/WES score of 12, 80% of laypeople accepted the implant. Out of 3,800 occasions, laypeople correctly identified the STIR in 1,770 (46.58%) of those occasions. Among the correctly identified STIRs, 751 (42.43%) of those occasions were identified with pink deficiencies and 1,019 (57.57%) of those occasions were identified with white deficiencies. Out of 2,280 occasions, dentists correctly identified the STIR in 1,869 (81.98%) of those occasions. A PES/WES score of 12 indicates the clinically acceptable threshold, and a score of 17 indicates the detectable threshold for an exceptional esthetic outcome. Laypeople tend to accept the implant despite its detectability. For both laypeople and dentists, root convexity/soft tissue color and texture are the most focused criteria of PES/WES, followed by overall white deficiencies, which remain influential. Compared to laypeople, dentists tend to have a higher ability to detect STIRs.

The ‘Most Ideal’ Peter Handke?

Abstract The Nobel Prize in Literature to the Austrian writer Peter Handke in 2019 gave new attention to one of the basic, and historically highly disputed (cf. Espmark 2001, 2021), questions in relation to the practice of the world’s most important literary prize – on what grounds, aesthetic or otherwise, does the Swedish Academy award the prize? In the aftermath of the 2019 prize to Handke, there was an intense public debate about the aesthetic criteria in relation to ethical criteria, in particular in Swedish national newspapers. Several members of the Academy as well as members of the Nobel Prize committee, wrote articles and gave statements about their individual reasoning for awarding the prize to Handke. Using this debate about the prize awarded to Handke as a case study, I aim to discuss the methodological and theoretical implications connected to the question of which criteria guide the selection of the Nobel Prize in Literature.

관념과 심미성의 역동적 융합

Tolstoy’s Resurrection is the dynamic cohesion of aesthetic narrative and philosophical hypothesis. He delineates the process of Nekhludov building up identity and fundamental transformation of his conceptualization in various terms of multi­layered narratives. Tolstoy describes the panorama of long spiritual wandering caused by two different selves’ never­ending conflicts from the standpoint of lyrical aesthetics. Based on different criteria for literary purposefulness and aesthetics, critics bring about extremely opposite evaluations on this work. Despite of heated arguments, it seems to be very refreshing that Tolstoy’s creative attempt to put together ideas and aesthetics cohesively. On top of that, he tries to merge together literary themes and social reformative thoughts, and it is well established.
 In this masterpiece, Tolstoy strives to make elaborate analysis of Nekhludov. The fable of ‘Buridan’s donkey’ epitomizes his real characterization. This rhetoric properly symbolizes Nekhludov’s essential personality, which shows his indecisiveness not making final decision with self­autonomy between two equal values for his own destination. Looking forward to the following stage, Nekhludov still can not bring up strong confidence in his capability and authenticity. Tolstoy delineates ‘allegory of the river’, through which he figuratively suggests Nekhludove ultimately comes up with his true identity, exerting himself to fulfill his inborn values and gifted talents.
 In the process, Nekhludov lays out well articulated criticisms on absurdity of given circumstances and irrationality of administrative systems. During this process, he is criticized as a dreaming anarchist, but never distracted on his way to his purpose­driven journey, closely influenced by Henry Thoreau’s hypothesis ‘good soul’s prison’. He keeps on revealing permeated falsehood and hypocrisy in social system with his full swing effort and reformative will. In so doing, unconsciously he redeems himself with well­deserved sound belief in him, then, he achieves his resurrection with his own individual self­autonomy and willingness.