Aesthetic Changes Research Articles

Skeletal, Dental and Smile Esthetic Changes in Skeletal Class II patients Treated with Maxillary Premolar Extraction and Non-extraction Mechanotherapy – A Cross-sectional Study

ABSTRACT Introduction This study aimed to compare smile aesthetics in skeletal class II subjects who underwent fixed appliance therapy with maxillary premolar extraction (PME) and non-extraction fixed mechanotherpy (NEF), and to evaluate the perception of esthetic smiles among three panels of raters. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 36 skeletal class II subjects ideally planned for PME. The study subjects were divided into two groups: 18 cases treated with PME and 18 cases treated with NEF at the patient’s request. Seven smile variables were measured on pre- and post-treatment frontal close-up smile photographs of two groups. Ten laypersons, general dentists and orthodontists evaluated those photographs on visual analogue scale. An Independent t-test was applied to compare the post-treatment smile variables and scores between the groups. Results In a comparison of post-treatment photographs between the groups, a statistically significant difference was found in the values of arch form index (AFI) (p = 0.01) and overjet (p = 0.006). A statistically significant difference was observed in the perception of smile aesthetics among the raters (p < 0.001). Conclusions Patients ideally planned for maxillary premolar extraction when treated with non-extraction fixed mechanotherapy using class II elastics did result in dental and soft tissue improvement but were not able to achieve ideal values at the end of treatment. Laypersons and dentists preferred smile aesthetics in maxillary first premolar extraction treatment, whereas all three panels of raters gave higher scores to non-extraction fixed mechanotherapy in terms of improvement in the smile.

Extravasation injuries in the intravenous therapy with drugs with properties vesicants and irritants in the veterinary medicine of small animals

The extravasation injuries are uncommon complications during the administration of intravenous therapy in the small animal veterinary clinic. However, the efflux of drugs with vesicant or irritant properties can cause severe and/or irreversible functional and aesthetic changes. The correct catheterization technique and vigilance during intravenous administration of drugs with vesicant or irritant properties are fundamental in preventing the appearance of iatrogenic injuries. The therapeutic approach to this iatrogenic complication involves the combination of non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical measures. In small animal veterinary medicine, there are no uniform recommendations about the best strategy could be adopted, and the interventions described in the literature lack evidence of effectiveness based on scientific studies.

Evaluation of Change in the Facial Profile and Aesthetics in Relation to Incisor Position in Both Maxillary and Mandibular Arches.

Background The orthodontist is often confronted with the need to predict soft tissue profile changes that may result from the orthodontic treatment. The problem arises because the contribution of many of the factors influencing the soft tissue profile still needs to be fully understood. The complexity of the problem is increased in growing patients in whom the post-treatment soft tissue profile is the result of both growth and orthodontic treatment. A primary motivation for seeking orthodontic treatment is a desire to improve dental and facial aesthetics. To achieve balance in the facial profile treated orthodontically, it is essential to identify the underlying skeletal hard tissue and soft tissue parameters. The present study evaluated the changes in facial profile and aesthetics in relation to incisor position. Materials and methods Samples for this study consisted of pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the Indian population (n = 450) having different incisor relationships. Subjects aged between 18 and 30 years were included. Angular and linear measurements were taken to analyse the incisor relationship with soft tissue parameters. Results The majority (61.2%) of subjects belonged to the age group of 18-30 years. The overall female-to-maleratio in the study was 7:3. The parameter U1 to L1 was abnormal in 86.8% of subjects. Similarly, the parameters S-line upper lip (UL), S-line lower lip (LL), E-line UL, and E-line LL were found abnormal in 93.9%, 86.8%, 82.6%, and 70.1% of subjects, respectively. A significant agreement was found between U1 to L1 and E-line UL and U1 to L1 and E-line LL. Conclusions The present study concludes that facial aesthetics combines soft and hard tissue corrections, not just based on occlusal relationships but also considering facial harmony. Thus, the incisor relationship is an important asset and strongly correlates with other soft tissue and hard tissue parameters that improve facial aesthetics for the individual undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Electroprecipitation of inorganic borates, with different solubility, within monumental stones to avoid fungal colonization

Biodeterioration is a serious threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. Currently, the chemical treatments used to combat it must fulfil a series of restrictions to ensure that they are not harmful to humans or the environment. Borates satisfy these conditions but due to its high degree of leaching its application is limited to indoor areas. The use of electroprecipitation may to increase the range of applicability by allowing to precipitate, along the entire section of the stony materials, of a mixture of boron salts with different solubility (zinc, magnesium, and sodium borates) to cover a wide range of moisture conditions. The results obtained show that electroprecipitation not only increases the penetration depth of boron compounds but also allows the formation of compounds of different solubility, which allows the treatment to last over time. Furthermore, the treatment increased the mechanical properties and reduced the porosity of the stones treated, all without causing significant aesthetic changes.

Fire resistance of roofing slates: Mechanical, mineralogical and aesthetic changes alongside temperature increase

Fire is a major destructive agent for dimension stone. Practically all historic buildings have suffered one or more fires over the course of their lifespan. There are numerous studies on the effect of fire on stone. Generally speaking, these effects can be divided into aesthetic and structural. Aesthetic effects involve a color shift to reddish hues, due to the oxidation processes triggered by temperature increase. Moreover, structural effects involve the formation of cracks and delaminations that may cause the rock to disintegrate. However, even though roofing slates are a group of metamorphic rocks that are widely represented in the historical architectural heritage of many European countries, none of the scientific studies alluded to above have taken them into account. The present study examines 6 lithotypes, covering the metamorphic range of rocks used as roofing slates. The roofing slates were subjected to a heating test reaching 900 °C, and then analyzed using X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal analyses, and were also tested for bending strength and water absorption following the European standard for roofing slates, EN 12326. All samples studied exhibited a reduction in their bending strength, together with an increase in water absorption. Likewise, the oxidation processes triggered by the high temperatures induced a general oxidation of the iron, lending all of the samples a reddish hue. On the other hand, the roofing slate samples proved to be non-combustible and did not release any toxic or hazardous fumes.

Casual Observers' Perception on the Aesthetics of the Butterfly Graft.

The butterfly graft is an effective technique for improving the internal nasal valve, however, there is hesitancy among surgeons due to possible aesthetic changes. This study aims to determine if average observers rated the post-operative appearance of the butterfly graft negatively. An online survey was distributed by social media to non-medical observers in which they rated either the pre-operative or post-operative appearance of 22 patients' noses (11 butterfly graft, 11 spreader graft). A heat map was used to determine if the supratip region was rated as the least aesthetically appealing. Post-operative ratings and heat maps of the butterfly graft patients were compared to pre-operative ratings as well as ratings of the spreader graft group. 226 observers responded. There was no difference in the pre-operative and post-operative rating of the butterfly graft group (58.27 vs. 58.00, p=0.88) or the number of supratip regions selected as least attractive (165 vs. 169, p=0.60). Similarly, there was no difference in post-operative ratings between the butterfly graft group and spreader graft group (58.00 vs. 58.21, p=0.63) or in selection of the supratip as the least attractive region (169 vs. 172, p=0.74). The butterfly graft did not negatively affect observers' opinion of patients' noses. 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2578-2583, 2023.

ЛІТЕРАТУРНІ ВИДАННЯ МУРу: ІСТОРІЯ, ЗМІСТ, НАПРЯМ

The article analyzes the important literary publications of the Ukrainian Artistic Movement (MUR), devoted to artistic, literary-critical, art history issues (in particular, the collections "MUR", MUR's аlmanac, "Arсh"). The issues of history, content, and direction of these publications are investigated, each of which is considered as a kind of integrity and is considered in the context of the literary activity of the MUR. The historical, cultural and socio-political prerequisites of MUR's publications, their ideological and aesthetic foundations, and functions are clarified. It is argued that the MUR's literary projects reflect general culture and social moods and trends, ideological and aesthetic changes in the Ukrainian emigration literary process of the late 1940s, that these publications present the most important ideas and works of that time. It is noted that the priority of the three Collections of Literary and Artistic Issues "MUR" was programmatic, and the MUR аlmanac aimed to reflect artistic diversity of literary life, in particular stylistic. The main attention is devoted to the "Arch" as an outstanding and unique phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian literary and literary-critical thought, in particular, the history of its creation, changes in editorial policy are revealed, its assessments are recorder in the views of contemporaries. Periodicals published under the auspices of the MUR had a great influence on the cultural and literary process of the late 1940s, contributing, in particular, to the consolidation of creative efforts, the duration and continuity of Ukrainian modernists and Europeanists literary trends. Memoirs, letters, papers of the creators and members of the MUR, in particular, Yuri Sherekh (Shevelov), Ulas Samchuk, Gregory Kostyuk, Yuri Lavrinenko and other became the source base for the study.

ANALYSIS OF PHOTOMETRIC FULL-FACE PARAMETERS WITH A DISTAL BITE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE TYPES OF MANDIBULAR GROWTH.

The aim: Determination of the peculiarities of full-face aesthetics in patients aged 10-13 years with a distal bite with different types of mandibular growth. Materials and methods: 74 patients aged 10-13 years with a distal bite and various types of mandibular growth took part in the study. The methods of photostatic image study described by I.I. Uzhumetskene (1970), V.P. Pereverzev (1979) were used in this research. Results: To determine the type of face, a gl-me: zy-zy index was calculated. Index values ranging from 0.84 to 0.879 are indicative of a mesoprosopic (medium) type of face, an index less than 0.839 defines a europrosopic (broad) type, an index exceeding 0.88 is characteristic of a leptoprosopic (narrow) type. The facial shape in all patients was determined by the Izar facial-morphological index. Similarly, the facial shape can be determined by the facial tapered angle (< FTA). In all groups of teenagers, a decrease in the angle is noted, which is indicative of an elongated, narrow face. To assess the ratio of the middle and lower parts of the face, the gl-sn:sn-me index was used, which is normally equal to 1. In our case, this index was higher than normal in all groups of children as compared to the control group (1.01±0.03). The p-p:zy-zy and p-p:go-go indices are indicative of the harmonious facial development transversally. Conclusions: Vertical and neutral-vertical type of mandibular growth results in a narrow (leptoprosopic) type of face; medium (mesoprosopic) and wide (europrosopic) types of face result from neutral, horizontal and neutral-horizontal types of growth. Irrespective of the type of mandibular growth, all patients with a distal bite have a short lower third of the face. The strongest aesthetic changes are reported in the group of patients with a predominance of the hori¬zontal type of mandibular growth.

Assessment of soft- and hard-tissue changes following combined anterior segmental bi-jaw orthognathic surgery.

Anterior segmental Bi-jaw orthognathic surgery is indicated primarily for the correction of dentoalveolar protrusion. They are also indicated for correcting apertognathia, closing interproximal spaces between segments and can be incorporated with other osteotomies to obtain better results. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the soft- and hard-tissue changes in patients who underwent combined anterior segmental bi-jaw orthognathic surgery. To compare and evaluate soft- and hard-tissue changes before and after combined anterior segmental bi-jaw orthognathic surgery by assessing (a) parameters in vertical dimension and (b) parameters in horizontal dimension and patient satisfaction was also assessed following surgery at 6 months' time interval. It is a prospective, single center and analytical study with sample size of 20 patients. It required routine setup for orthognathic surgery and manual tracing of lateral cephalograms. The surgical outcomes were assessed by hard tissue (Sella Nasion Point A (SNA) angle, Sella Nasion Point B (SNB) angle, Point A Nasion Point B (ANB) angle, NAPg, U1-NF, L1-MP angles; NA, NB, B-Pg, Nasion-Anterior nasal spine (N-ANS) distance, Anterior nasal spine-Gnathion (ANS-Gn) distance, and overjet and overbite) and soft tissue (facial convexity, NL, LM angles; LM fold, UL and LL protrusions, Upper lip length (ULL), Lower lip length (LLL), Sn-A, Si-B, Pg-Pg*, Ls-U1, Li-L1 distances, interlabial gap, and U1 exposure) variables pre and postsurgery. Descriptive statistics involved the mean and standard deviation, and recorded data were subjected to the statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20 statistical package. The paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The level of significance P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant and P < 0.01 as very significant. Overall improvement after surgery in both hard- and soft-tissue parameters was observed and significant changes were seen in every variable, except Si-B (P > 0.05). Correlations between soft- and hard-tissue changes were significant in both sagittal and vertical planes. Patients' satisfaction score showed that all patients had the high overall rate of satisfaction. Our study concludes that combined anterior segmental bimaxillary orthognathic surgery is a simple technique with minimal postoperative complications and limited relapse. The changes in facial esthetics and occlusion following orthognathic surgery depend highly on the stability achieved during the postoperative period.

『나사린』과 『알마』에서 그려지는 ‘구원자’의 모습

The works of Pérez Galdós tend to be interpreted as an artistic representation of the man and society of his time. In this way, he proceeds with an aesthetic in constant evolution, and from 1889 with the publication of Realidad in the atmosphere of the end of the century in crisis, he seeks a new aesthetic change with sprititual realism or spiritualism, rather than objective and realistic analysis of contemporary realities, it focuses more on the inner human figure and the essence of belief. In Spanish literature, the term spiritualista began to appear in 1887. Whereas in the realist novels the individual figure projected and reflected the image of society, in the spiritualistic novels, a particularly prominent figure among ordinary people described the process of finding an answer to the ultimate task of human life. From Realidad, ''great love'' became the subject of his works as a human duty, such as ''compassion'', ''love for others'', and ''love beyond convention'', and Nazarín(1895), Halma(1895), and Misericordia(1897) contain the message that the internalized virtue of Christ can give great meaning to the lives of individuals and groups. In reality Nazarín and Halma are closely related and considered as one novel. The Christian ideal of his savior reveals the meanness, pettiness and falsehoods prevailing in the world in which the savior involves. In these novels Galdós shows up the figure of a savior who Galdós believed could save Spain from a crisis in Nazarín and Halma, both of which are regarded as the real beginnings of Galdos'' spiritualist novels.

The influence of Chinese and Western cultural traditions on ancient architecture

Architecture is a frozen music, a visual art, and a visual object whose existence is witnessed by history. Some classic ancient architectures including the pyramids of ancient Egypt, the Parthenon of ancient Greece, the Pantheon of ancient Rome, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, the Hanging Temple of China and other world-famous traditional Chinese and Western architectures reflect ancient philosophical thoughts of the times. Architecture has formed a unique culture with the passage of time, and in turn culture plays an influential role to the formation of architecture. Geographical differences cause diversity to architectural cultures all round the world. In terms of Chines and western ancient architecture, the two differ each other on appearance, connotation, space and structure, which indicate not only the culture characteristics but also the aesthetic changes behind the architectures between China and the West.The West's passion for stone architecture and the East's passion for wood architecture are determined by national culture and geographical environment. It is difficult to judge which one is superior, sine such designs are developed to adapt to the environment and living habits. Ancient people built their characteristic architecture to meet the needs of the local people and living conditions.

Kamienice czynszowe na ul. Franciszka Smolki w Przemyślu – zagadnienia funkcjonalno-architektoniczne zabudowy mieszkalnej, wielorodzinnej z okresu 1852–1914

Tenement houses in Franciszka Smolki Street in Przemyśl – functional and architectural issues of multi-family houses in the 1852–1914 period For Przemyśl, the second half of the 19th century was a time of dynamic economic and territorial development. It was then that the majority of historic urban fabric was established, both in terms of area and numbers. Unfortunately, the 19th-century tenement houses in Przemyśl have not been widely discussed so far. The few publications there are concern converted houses, untypical of that period. The literature on urbanization of the suburbs (which today constitute the historic town centre) in that period is also scanty. In order to discover the nature of changes in the town at that time, the author has chosen to discuss tenement houses in Franciszka Smolki Street. Those houses are a typical example of multi-family houses in the period under discussion. They were built in a previously undeveloped area, and soon that street became one of the more elegant ones in Przemyśl. Although it was subjected to urbanization relatively promptly, its houses are not homogeneous in nature and they are evidence of aesthetic changes and changes connected with the residents’ standard of living. Functional and spatial solutions used in particular groups of houses constitute the history of urbanization of that fragment of the town.

Hyaluronic Acid and Radiofrequency in Patients with Urogenital Atrophy and Vaginal Laxity.

Vaginal laxity (VL) and genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), as well as aesthetic changes in the vulvar skin, often occur together and cause physical, psychological, and functional problems for women and their partners. The current study evaluated the efficacy of a nonsurgical radiofrequency device (RF) procedure combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the skin of the labia majora on clinical, histological, and aesthetic levels. Twenty women with GSM and VL, aged between 36 and 72 (mean age 53.4), were treated with bipolar RF SECTUM, vaginal and vulvar application, as well as with a hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the skin of the labia majora. The Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), Vaginal Health Index (VHI), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used to examine the clinical effects of the operations. The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was utilized to measure patient satisfaction. On a histochemical level, the concentrations of elastin and collagen in the vaginal wall and vulvar skin were examined. Results: There was significantly higher patient satisfaction and a considerable clinical improvement across all areas of analysis. On the histochemical level, elastin and collagen fiber concentration increased after the treatment protocol both in the vulvar skin and in the vaginal wall: elastin in the vaginal wall, 11.4%, and in the vulvar skin, 61%; collagen in the vaginal wall, 26%, and in the vulvar skin, 27%. The current study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of this nonsurgical RF procedure combined with a hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the skin of the labia majora on clinical, histochemical, and aesthetic levels.

Analysis of Smile Aesthetic Changes With Fixed Orthodontic Treatment.

The mouth and teeth are vital in facial aesthetics and the face as a whole is the most critical individual component determining one's physical look. As dentists, we need to be aware that this might significantly alter the care given to a patient since the patient's and the dentist's ideas of beauty may be quite different. This study sought to ascertain how the general public, general dental specialists, and orthodontics all rated the attractiveness of patients who had received orthodontic treatment using a visual scale, as well as how the facial reference could be used to gauge the improvement in smiles. The attractiveness of 80 continuously treated patients was assessed by comparing their pre- and post-treatment posed grin images. The attractiveness of participants' smiles was evaluated using the Visual Simple Scale, which measures affect, and the Graph of Facial Stylish Reference, which measures objectively. "Making a Jazzy Face Chart" -The analysts were able to fairly evaluate changes in elements such as the symmetry of the smile twist, the position of the gingival peak of the front teeth relative to each other, the height of the incisal edges of the front teeth, the width of the connector band of the front six teeth, and the general tip of the front teeth by referring to photographs taken during treatment. We put the Visual Basic Scale to the test by having five male orthodontists, five male general dental specialists, and five male laypeople rate how much of an improvement they noticed between the before and after photos of a patient's smile. According to the findings of the first section of the research, orthodontic treatment generally leads to an increase in all indicators. Some instances, however, demonstrated worsening in characteristics such as grin arc consonance, gingival zenith location relative to each other, and incisal edge height. The second half of this research revealed that the opinions of orthodontic specialists, general dentists, and the general public varied with regard to the beauty of a smile. Based on this research, we can say the following: Orthodontic treatment led to improvements in many of the variables that contribute to smile attractiveness, factors include the interproximal width of contact area, the height of the incisal margins of the front teeth, and the location of the gingival zenith in relation to one another, to name a few. The results of this research support the idea that the aesthetics of the smile should be assessed at the last stages of orthodontic treatment when fine adjustments are being made.

Towards a natural history of film form: silver salts and the aesthetics of early studio-era Hollywood cinema

In 1948, outspoken émigré director Erich von Stroheim offered a now-famous account of the troubled post-production history of his notorious 1924 exercise in naturalism, Greed. According to von Stroheim, a cadre of MGM studio executives, led by Irving Thalberg, had pressured him to cut his gritty, sprawling masterpiece – an attempt to ‘reproduce life as it actually was’ – from its eight-hour, 42-reel initial assembly down to a more studio-friendly 12 reels.1 When he refused, the film was given to a cutter at thirty dollars a week who [sic] had never read the book nor the script, and on whose mind was nothing but a hat [ …] my picture was arbitrarily cut to nine or ten [reels]. The rest of the negative was burned to get the forty-three cents of silver out.2 In standard production histories of the film, this anecdote has served to reinforce a familiar narrative about the consolidation of classical Hollywood film aesthetics across the course of the 1920s.3 For proponents of this narrative, these aesthetic changes were a function of industrial developments in Hollywood’s ‘mode of production’, which between 1914 and 1930 saw the will of the director increasingly subordinated to that of the producer within a newly integrated studio system.4 Yet closer attention to von Stroheim’s anecdote demands a revision of this narrative. For by the end of the story it would appear that the director’s true object is neither the studio system at large, nor its functionary, the ‘cutter’, but the silver content of the photographic film stock itself – cast here as pettily desirable scrap metal, or, as von Stroheim puts it, ‘forty-three cents [worth] of silver’. In this respect, the reminiscence obliquely suggests a relationship between two things we commonly keep apart. The first is an aesthetic outcome that has become a byword for the vicissitudes of the early studio system; the second is one of the key ingredients of early motion picture film stock – light-sensitive silver halide crystals.

Segmental mandibular advancement for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a pilot study

Segmental mandibular advancement (SMA) consists of a combination of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, anterior subapical osteotomy with extraction of the first premolars, and genioplasty, to allow an extended advancement of the mandible for the improvement of tongue base obstruction in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to minimize any unfavourable aesthetic change due to the large jaw advancement. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications following SMA in OSA patients. Twelve patients (nine male, three female) underwent SMA as part or whole of their skeletal advancement procedure for OSA. The apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) improved from a mean± standard deviation 42.4 ± 22.0/hour preoperatively to 9.0 ± 17.4/hour at 1 year postoperative. Surgical success (50% reduction in AHI) was achieved in 11 of the 12 patients (91.7%) at 1 year postoperative, while seven patients (58.3%) attained surgical cure (AHI<5/hour). The lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) increased from a mean 73.3% preoperatively to 78.7% at 1 year postoperative. The airway volume increased from a mean 2.4 ± 1.7 cm3 at baseline to 6.7 ± 3.5 cm3 at 1 year postoperative (P < 0.001). No major complication occurred. This pilot study showed that SMA appears to be safe and effective as part or whole of the skeletal advancement surgery for moderate-to-severe OSA.

Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty Improved the Overall Periorbital Aesthetics Ratio by Enhancing Harmony Between the Eyes and Eyebrows.

PurposeIn upper eyelid blepharoplasty, most aesthetic surgeons and patients focus on improvements in the appearance of the upper eyelids, such as changing the vertical dimension of the palpebral fissure and the width of the pretarsal crease. Nevertheless, appropriately balanced periorbital aesthetics stemming from harmony between the eyelids and eyebrows is often ignored. The aim of this study was to explore the use of upper eyelid blepharoplasty to improve the overall periorbital aesthetics by enhancing the harmony between the eyes and eyebrows in young Asian women.Patients and MethodsFrom December 2019 to December 2020, 45 young Asian female patients underwent external incision upper eyelidplasty without ptosis repair or brow lift at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The pre- and 6-month post-operative follow-up changes in the overall periorbital aesthetics were studied retrospectively.ResultsThe vertical position of the eyebrows in the upper face and shape of the brow apex were significantly improved after surgery. As a result, the height of the upper face was increased. Furthermore, the facial width proportion and midface ratio were closer to the ideal aesthetic golden ratio due to changes in the size of the periorbital area. All patients were satisfied with the result, and they achieved excellent surgical outcomes for not only the upper eyelids but also the overall periorbital region.ConclusionThis study revealed that upper eyelid blepharoplasty, which enhances the appearance of the upper eyelids while regulating the eyelid position and shape of the eyebrows by considering the eye to eyebrow ratio, optimizes the proportion of the periorbital area and improves the overall periorbital aesthetics.

Necessary orthodontic treatment assessment of orphans

BACKGROUND: The orthodontic treatment leads not only to functional normalization of the stomatognathic system but also to smile aesthetic changes, which helps to increase a persons self-esteem. Moreover, the level of neuropsychicological development revealed that approximately 6% of orphans are included in the group of healthy people following the coefficient of mental development, and 94% of pupils of the orphanage with sensory, motor, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive sphere retardation are in the risk and pathology group.&#x0D; AIM: This study aimed to assess the psychological status of children without parental care, based on the Picture of a Person test.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 44 children from the orphanage aged 717 years to assess their psychological status using the Picture of a Person test.&#x0D; RESULTS: Difficult life circumstances lead to developmental peculiarities in children. However, the desire for social communication remains, the aesthetics of appearance are valued, and the desire to impress increases. This indicates the need to work not only on the psychological state of children without parental care but also to educate them on the right attitude toward health and beauty, to create opportunities for self-improvement with the help of various specialists (dentists, orthodontists, dermatologists, etc.), which will help increase self-esteem.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the need for children without parental care in social communication. Great importance is attached to the aesthetics of the face and teeth. Dentists can contribute to the successful adaptation of orphaned children in society, paying attention to the treatment not only to the health of the dental system but also to the beauty of a smile. Orthodontic treatment can help in educating orphans with the qualities necessary for their socialization.

Effects of maxillomandibular advancement on respiratory function and facial aesthetics in obstructive sleep apnoea patients with versus without maxillomandibular deficiency

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) on respiratory function between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients with and without maxillomandibular deficiency, and to compare the changes in facial aesthetics after MMA between the two groups. MMA-treated patients who had both baseline and follow-up polysomnography (PSG) data and lateral cephalograms were enrolled in this retrospective study. In addition to PSG and cephalometric data, patient satisfaction with postoperative breathing and facial aesthetics, and overall satisfaction with the treatment were assessed. Twenty-one patients were classified as not having maxillomandibular deficiency (without-deficiency group) and 40 patients as having maxillomandibular deficiency (with-deficiency group). The improvements in respiratory parameters (e.g., apnoea–hypopnoea index) and patient satisfaction with postoperative breathing were comparable in the two groups (P = 0.094–0.713). The changes in facial profile measurements (e.g., nasal prominence, nasolabial angel, and lip positions relative to the true vertical line) and patient satisfaction with postoperative facial aesthetics were also comparable in the two groups (P = 0.148–0.983). In conclusion, no significant difference in the effects of MMA on respiratory function and facial aesthetics between OSA patients with and without maxillomandibular deficiency was observed.

Reconstruction of Acquired Segmental Mandibular Defects Using Pedicled Mandibular Muscle Flap and Evaluation of Speech Function and Aesthetic Outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of pedicled mandibular osteomuscular flap in the reconstouring of repair of acquired segmental mandibular defects. Thirteen patients with acquired segmental mandibular defects requiring secondary repair were included into the study. Pedicled mandibular osteomuscular flap was applied with strong internal fixation to repair the mandibular defects. The patients' speech, swallowing function, and aesthetic changes were evaluated upon follow-up. The flaps were viable in all patients. Average speech function score was 7.6±0.6. All patients had a drinking test rating of grade I or II with good masticatory efficiency. The postoperative self-assessment Visual Analog Scale score of appearance was 7.8±0.8. Pedicled mandibular osteomuscular flap is a viable choice in the secondary repair and reconstruction of mandibular acquired segmental defects. This flap could achieve better oral function with good aesthetic results.