AES Algorithm Research Articles

New Lightweight Cryptosystem for IoT in Smart City Environments

Internet of Things (IoT) devices, user interfaces (UI), software, as well as communication networks are all deployed within Smart Cities topology. The security approach designed for Internet of Things IoT should be able to prevent and detect both internal and external attacks. The problem in IoT network that not every linked node or device has an adequate amount of processing power. This means that data encryption and other related activities will be impossible and means that the security of any kind must be lightweight. A trustworthy security solution that stops illegal access to private data on the network is necessary for maintaining the privacy of information on the Internet of Things. Cryptographic processes need to be quicker and more compact without sacrificing security. The aim of this study is to reduce the execution time and power consumption of encryption processes without compromise the complexity of the encryption algorithm. This research presents a new lightweight cryptographic technique to protect various multimedia and real-time traffics across IoT network, by using two S-box in SubByte of encryption process, without affecting its performance. In this study, different audio samples will be used to test the new algorithm efficiency. Comparing the suggested method to the most advanced standard algorithm, it can reduce the cryptography process's execution time as well as energy consumption while maintaining the required security level. The outcomes demonstrate good performance in terms of power usage and delay. The new technique consumed a roughly 0.2 µJ for encryption process while the typical AES algorithm consumed 0.29 µJ, this mean the new algorithm achieved (33% power savings), while maintaining a good complexity level (security) within the process of encryption according to the results in tables I, II, and the comparison in table III. The novelty of this work can be showed by using dual XOR S-box technique which increased the complexity of SubByte process making it more secure without overload the processing performance, in addition to the reduction in encryption rounds which contribute to enhance the performance without compromise the security. Making it more suited for the Internet of Things (IoT) used in smart city environments.

S-BOX CONSTRUCTION IN THE ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES) DEVELOPMENT ALGORITHM IN GF(2^2), GF(2^4) & GF(2^6)

This research aims to obtain a method for constructing S-boxes based on GF(22), GF(24) and GF(26). A review of the Galois Field GF(2m) is presented for m=1,2,3,4,5 and 6. Furthermore, it is used to construct an S-box based on GF(22), GF(24) and GF(26). Based on these results, later it can be developed for S-box construction in the AES algorithm which uses the Galois Field GF(2m) for m>=10.

Implementation of AES-256 Algorithm for Encryption on Chatting Platforms

This research aims to design and build a web-based corporate chat media using prototype methodology and AES (Advanced et al.) algorithm for data encryption. The platform has been developed with MERN technology (MongoDB et al.), which allows the application to be dynamic and responsive. Prototype methodology is used for iterative development based on user feedback, ensuring the application meets user needs. The AES algorithm is applied to maintain the confidentiality and security of each message sent and received. The results show that the application effectively provides efficient and secure communication for the company, with an intuitive and easy-to-use interface. Implementing MERN technology provides flexibility in the development and maintenance of the application, making it the right solution for corporate communication needs.

Trust and Affinity Based Clustering for Deterministic Multicast Routing Using Honey Badger Algorithm

Wireless Ad hoc networks (WANETs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are forms of wireless networks with no central controller. In contrast to traditional networks based on routers and access points, ad hoc networks do not rely on pre-existing infrastructure. Recently, multicast routing protocols in MANETs have effectively managed group communications. The multicast routing protocol can greatly increase the reliability of the MANET network. This protocol aims to minimize the energy consumption (EC) and network lifetime of the MANET to address these issues. This paper presents a novel Affinity based Clustering for Deterministic Multicast Routing (ACD-MR). The overall process is carried out in three stages: cluster head selection (CHs), trust management, and routing. In the initial phase, the cluster head (CH) is selected and utilizes affinity propagation based on node degree, distance, energy, and lifetime. In the second phase, the data are encrypted using the enhanced AES algorithm, and the trust value of each node is calculated employing direct and indirect trust. In the third phase, the Honey Badger algorithm is employed to select an optimal route. The proposed ACD-MR model’s performance is calculated utilizing various parameters, including the network lifetime, average end-to-end delay, EC, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and detection ratio. The proposed model increased the network lifetime by 17.24%, 19.45%, and 22.34% better than MLLR, CS-MAODV, and DQN, respectively.

Encryption and Decryption Images Using AES Algorithm

Encryption and Decryption Images Using AES Algorithm

A new chaotic image encryption algorithm based on a modified version of the AES algorithm

A new chaotic image encryption algorithm based on a modified version of the AES algorithm

Communication security of intelligent information service platform combining AES and ECC algorithms

ABSTRACT The rapid progress of information technology has made the status of information service platforms increasingly prominent in social operations. However, their communication security is also facing unprecedented challenges. In response to the issues of insufficient security and efficiency in traditional encryption algorithms, this study combines advanced encryption standard algorithms with elliptic curve cryptography algorithms to generate encryption key pairs through elliptic curve cryptography algorithms. It utilizes advanced encryption standard algorithms to generate symmetric keys, and then encrypts the keys of the advanced encryption standard using the public key of the elliptic curve cryptography algorithm. Based on this, it implements advanced encryption standard encryption on data and designs a hybrid encryption algorithm. The results showed that the throughput of this method was 4000bit/s, with a delay of 550 m, which is higher than other algorithms, proving its high efficiency in processing data. The average bit change of the ciphertext in the hybrid encryption algorithm was 55.8 bits, with a range of bit changes of [69.3, 82.7], which is significantly higher than other algorithms, proving its high security. The designed algorithm has significant benefits in communication security of information service platforms and plays an important role in promoting the development of future network security defense technology.

IMPLEMENTATION OF AES AND SHA-3 CRYPTOGRAPHY ALGORITHMS IN SECURING USER SENSITIVE DATA ON THE ARTESIAN WATER BILL PAYMENT TRANSACTION WEBSITE

Transacting online is something that is familiar to almost everyone in the digital era. The presence of digital transactions brings convenience in carrying out trading activities, but the use of the internet in creating easy transactions with several challenges in the form of hacking. In order to realize secure transactions, the level of protection on digital transaction service provider sites must be made as strong as possible to prevent digital attacks. Therefore, a protection system for user payment data on one of the transaction websites was created by applying the AES and SHA-3 cryptographic algorithm methods. The AES algorithm method was chosen because its implementation is not complicated but has proven its security, while SHA-3 is used to create unique keys from user passwords with the latest hash technology, so that the data encryption and decryption process becomes more protected because it uses the secret key of each user but not directly. The application of cryptographic algorithms will provide additional protection for the security of nominal user transaction data from cyber attacks so that the data. This research will produce a cryptography program flow with the Python programming language and examples of encryption and hash process results during program execution.

Implementation of Hybrid Encryption Algorithm

This paper presents an analysis of a message encryption scheme that harnesses the strengths of both the RSA and AES algorithms. Through a detailed comparison of RSA and AES in terms of encryption and decryption time, security, key management, and key length, we developed a hybrid scheme that leverages the speed advantage of AES for encryption operations and the stability and key management strengths of RSA. Our analysis demonstrates how the integration of these two algorithms can enhance overall security and performance, effectively combining their respective advantages.  Motivation There are various applications using client- server mechanism but the communication channel is not secure that much and existing methods are not so efficient thus there is need to come up with an efficient and better approach.  Objective Our objective through this project is to constructa hybrid algorithm which is capable of overcoming the disadvantages of the existing methods and provide us with muchbetter approach in terms of various parameters.

FPGA Acceleration of AES Algorithm for High-Performance Cryptographic Applications

This research paper presents the FPGA implementation of the AES-128 Algorithm as an accelerator tailored for high-performance cryptographic applications. Leveraging the capabilities of the Virtex-7 evaluation kit, the AES algorithm is meticulously coded using Xilinx Vivado software. The results of the implementation reveal a resource-efficient design, utilizing 588 Look-Up Tables (LUTs) and 353 Flip Flops. This implementation showcases the efficacy of FPGA technology, specifically the Virtex-7 device, in achieving a fine balance between algorithmic complexity and resource utilization for cryptographic acceleration. The abstract underscores the significance of this research in advancing the field of hardware-accelerated cryptographic applications, offering a scalable solution with promising resource efficiency on the FPGA platform.

Multi-Level Encryption System using AES and RSA Algorithms

Abstract: As the volume of sensitive data entrusted to the cloud explodes, from healthcare records to financial transactions, the need for robust security solutions intensifies. Traditional encryption techniques, while effective, remain vulnerable to key compromise, leaving data exposed to malicious factors. This study proposes a multi-level encryption strategy that leverages the power of AES for efficient data encryption, RSA for secure key protection with public-key cryptography, and role-based encryption for granular access control. This layered approach significantly increases the computational complexity for unauthorized access, making brute-force or dictionary attacks exponentially more difficult. Our research demonstrates successful integration of these algorithms, achieving a 50% reduction in key compromise risk and enhanced data integrity through MAC verification. Moving forward, we envision seamless integration with multiple cloud platforms and exploring advanced access control mechanisms based on user context and behavior. This multi-level encryption strategy holds immense potential to reshape the landscape of cloud data security, fostering a more secure and trustworthy digital future.

Cryptography-based location privacy protection in the Internet of Vehicles

The evolution of the Internet of Things paradigm in recent years demonstrate a significant impact on the transportation sector, leading to the emergence of a new research field, known as the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In the IoV, vehicles can exchange information with each other and with the roadside units making use of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). As this technology reaches near-to-market maturity levels, several issues arise related to the protection of users’ privacy, while the interest of adversaries for such private user data in IoV environments gets stronger. This paper aims to present a review of the state-of-the-art techniques tackling the protection of location privacy in IoV environments, as well as experimental evaluation findings regarding the usage of various cryptographic algorithms for the protection of information exchange in these networks. In the conducted evaluations, the AES algorithm has been used as the main standard, which has been coupled with several other encryption/decryption algorithms, such as RSA, ECC and NTRU. The metrics used for the evaluation include measurements over the key generation process, the certificate generation, the encryption/decryption times, the signature generation/verification times, etc. Moreover, the size of messages in the negotiation, the pseudonym exchange and the new pseudonym enabling phases has been recorded, while the energy consumption in the exchange pseudonyms phase has also been measured. All previous experiments have been carried out mainly on NS-3 and SUMO open-source software aiming to have an estimation of how the aforementioned algorithms behave under constrained resources such as CPU usage and power.

Enhanced image encryption using AES algorithm with CBC mode: a secure and efficient approach

Enhanced image encryption using AES algorithm with CBC mode: a secure and efficient approach

A Modified AES-512 Bits Algorithm for Data Encryption

Privacy is given top priority as far as communication involving transfer of confidential document or data is concerned. There is therefore a need to keep confidential data secretive from being invaded by unauthorised access, and this is done through cryptography algorithms, where the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm has been the widely accepted symmetric block encryption algorithm for such purposes. This paper therefore focuses on developing a new AES-512 bits symmetric encryption algorithm through modification of the conventional AES-128 algorithm to be used purposefully in the classroom for document transfer.The development comes with increasing the plaintext bits of the conventional AES-128 algorithm to 512 bits plaintext which undergoes five operational transformations: STATE, SKGF, SRL, SCL and AARC through key size in the Galois field, GF(29). A numerical example is then given to explain the use of the algorithm, and finally, we provide a comparative study of this algorithm and other existing symmetric encryption models, such as the AES-128 and DES algorithms.

Image Encryption and Steganography Method Based on AES Algorithm and Secret Sharing Algorithm

Image Encryption and Steganography Method Based on AES Algorithm and Secret Sharing Algorithm

Hardware pipelined architecture with reconfigurable key based on the AES algorithm and hamming code for the earth observation satellite application: Sentinel-2 satellite data case

Earth Observation Satellite has facilitated the study of the earth’s environment and become powerful in various applications such as: Land temperature, Land use, urban monitoring, defense, etc. Additionally, the transmission of this image captured from the EOS to the earth must be confidential and secure against illegal access, and without data corruption. However, this task remains challenging due to the space radiation environment that could affect the satellite’s hardware, and lead to corrupted data. These issues motivate our study to provide an enhanced approach to securing the satellite and ground station link. In this paper, we propose a secure implementation-based radiation-hardened Virtex-4QV FPGA. The secure implementation utilizes a combined architecture between the AES algorithm and Hamming code to ensure security. The most significant advantage of the proposed implementation is the use of the three keys 128/192/256 bits with the pipelined architecture which leads to a high throughput and a high level of security. Based on several security criteria, the suggested cryptosystem findings demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in terms of security. Therefore, this proposed solution can be used and utilized in the EOS application.

Enhancing block cipher security with key-dependent random XOR tables generated via hadamard matrices and Sudoku game

The XOR operator is a simple yet crucial computation in computer science, especially in cryptography. In symmetric cryptographic schemes, particularly in block ciphers, the AddRoundKey transformation is commonly used to XOR an internal state with a round key. One method to enhance the security of block ciphers is to diversify this transformation. In this paper, we propose some straightforward yet highly effective techniques for generating t-bit random XOR tables. One approach is based on the Hadamard matrix, while another draws inspiration from the popular intellectual game Sudoku. Additionally, we introduce algorithms to animate the XOR transformation for generalized block ciphers. Specifically, we apply our findings to the AES encryption standard to present the key-dependent AES algorithm. Furthermore, we conduct a security analysis and assess the randomness of the proposed key-dependent AES algorithm using NIST SP 800-22, Shannon entropy based on the ENT tool, and min-entropy based on NIST SP 800-90B. Thanks to the key-dependent random XOR tables, the key-dependent AES algorithm have become much more secure than AES, and they also achieve better results in some statistical standards than AES.

Evaluations of Crypto-System AES Using Multiple Bloc Ciphering Mode

Cryptography, a scientific field that has existed even before the beginning of computer science. This article looks at the development symmetric crypto-system, which falls within the framework of image security, by Advanced Encryption Standard (AES- Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithms. AES algorithm is not integrity protected. Cryptanalysis could use modified encrypted image of each ciphered bloc for generating oracle and getting the key. A new crypto-system uses hash function named AES-GCM (Advanced Encryption Standard-) for solving this problem. Using Galois Counter Mode (GCM) combined with Secure Hash Algorithm 256 bits (SHA-256) or BLAKE2s hash function, the old mode of ciphering like: Cipher FeedBack (CFB), Output FeedBack (OFB), Cipher Block Chaining (CBC), Electronic Codebook Block (ECB) and CounTeR (CTR) mode encryption, will increase the security level at confidentiality and integrity. In this article, robustness of the crypto-system will be evaluated by multiple criteria, indeed the statistical analysis, sensitivity measurement and performance measurement. For the statistical analysis, the histogram is flat and the correlation between adjacent pixel is not linear for the encrypted image. The relation between clear image and encrypted image doesn’t exist. For the sensitivity analysis, Number of Pixel Changing Rate (NPCR) and Unified Averaged Changed Intensity (UACI) permit to avoid differential attack of the crypto-system. The two values are respectively near 99% and 30%. For performance measurement, the similarity of the decrypted image and original image will be tested. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE) are equals of infinity and zero. The decrypted image and original image are the same. The integrity of the image on the crypto-system will be evaluated by modifying one bit of the encrypted image. The decryption process doesn’t give decrypted image and show that the tag value is incorrect.

Design of a Hybrid Security Protocol based on Cryptographic Algorithms

Abstract: With increase in the use of the internet, the need to secure data is also increased. The present symmetric and asymmetric algorithms provide secure systems, but with many limitations. In the emerging world need for rapid accessing the data is increasing, a blend of both efficiency and security is required to cater the day-to-day needs. To ensure efficiency and security of the message hybrid security protocols are developed. Hybrid security protocol combines the advantages of traditional algorithms, such that more secure and efficient systems can be developed. A new hybrid protocol is developed using AES, ECC and ECDH, which in terms increase efficiency of existing protocols and provide a better security by adding an extra layer of security to the traditional AES algorithm.

SECURE ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFER OVER INTERNET USING DES ALGORITHM

The undertaking denoted as Secure Electronic Fund Transfer over Internet Using DES Algorithm epitomizes the fundamental concept of effectuating a secure transference of financial resources between accounts or across international borders. Traditionally, individuals engaging in fund transfers are compelled to either visit a physical banking institution or seek out a computer with internet connectivity to avail themselves of the services proffered by online banking, ensuring a dependable monetary exchange. This system stands as a paragon of efficacy, offering a fortified layer of security to safeguard these financial transactions. The web portal, accessible to a broad spectrum of end users, allows registration by furnishing requisite contact particulars and account information. The preservation of such information is executed meticulously, with the entirety of data subjected to encryption through the application of the DES Algorithm, thus fortifying the impregnability of the stored details. In contrast to numerous insecure websites, where susceptibility to data breaches looms large, this platform assuages such concerns by encrypting all pertinent information prior to its storage in the database, employing a clandestine key and cryptographic algorithm. Facilitating a payment entails a visit to the Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) center, utilizing a singular portable card. Subsequent to the cards scanning, the user is furnished with an OTP (One Time Password), a crucial requisite for advancing through subsequent stages. The introduction of this OTP, culled from a singular usage, serves as a pivotal augmentation of security, validating the users authorization. Post successful OTP verification, the user is mandated to input account particulars and execute the fund transfer, thereby fortifying the entire process and culminating in a secure electronic fund transfer predicated on the DES Algorithm. In contemporary times, individuals find themselves frequently necessitating the transfer of financial resources between accounts. In such instances, they are compelled to either traverse to a banking institution or seek out a computing apparatus tethered to the internet to avail themselves of the services proffered by online banking, thereby ensuring a reliable conduit for fund transfers. The efficacy of this system is manifestly advantageous, streamlining the user experience to the mere input of account details. The confluence of security measures, including the application of the AES algorithm, immediate verification protocols, and consistency checks, coalesce to fortify the framework of secure electronic fund transfers. To effectuate a secure transaction, an individual need only visit an Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) center, employing a singular portable card to facilitate an instantaneous transfer. The utilization of the DES algorithm in this mechanism assures the user of a secure transaction, swiftly executed. Following the scanning of the users card, a Short Message Service (SMS) is expeditiously dispatched, encapsulating a unique One Time Password (OTP). The user, in a testament to heightened security, is mandated to input this OTP, thereby fortifying the transaction. Subsequent to the OTP authentication, the user proceeds to input encrypted account details, safeguarded by the AES algorithm before traversing the network. This comprehensive system thereby guarantees the security of electronic fund transfers through the utilization of AES.Contemporary financial institutions, cognizant of the burgeoning opportunities within the electronic domain, have adeptly capitalized on the potentialities of the internet by developing robust payment systems tailored to diverse payment service requisites KEYWORDS: AES, DES, OTP, Encryption, EFT, ATM