PM10 Aerosol Research Articles

Elucidating the sources and dynamics of PM10 aerosols in Cienfuegos (Cuba) using their multi-stable and radioactive isotope and ion compositions

In this study, PM10 aerosol samples were collected at 4 urban and 1 rural sites in the region of Cienfuegos (Cuba) and analyzed for their chemical compositions (total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), NH4+, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−) and their stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive (210Pb, 7Be, 137Cs and 40K) isotope systematics, in order to better constrain both their sources of pollution and their atmospheric dynamics. The average PM10 concentrations varied from 21.67 ± 8.54 μg m−3 at the rural site to 39.01 ± 8.23 μg m−3 at an urban site characterized by high road traffic. Chemical compositions showed low variability and similar abundances of the ionic species, but we observed strong correlations between i) NH4+ and SO42− that indicates the formation of secondary ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4), and ii) between PM10 and TC highlighting the significant influence of carbonaceous aerosols. We are reporting here the first 210Pb aerosol concentrations in this region and demonstrate that, coupled with the corresponding 7Be concentrations, they allow characterizing the dynamics of the regional continental air masses. δ13C values in PM10 appear to be controlled by i) emissions from different types of combustion sources, including fossil fuel and biomass burning and ii) carbonate inputs from the industrial activities located around the limestone quarries, east of the city. δ15N values presented large isotope variations that can be explained by kinetic processes and the exchange between gas (NH3) and particle (NH4+) phases during the formation of secondary NH4HSO4, a reaction that was enhanced as Cl− concentrations decreased, revealing the preponderant role of local emissions in the budget of the aerosol nitrogen. This study confirms that isotope analysis is reliable for tracing the origin of aerosols and highlight the importance of a multi-isotope approach.

Spectroscopic Assessment of Platinum Group Elements of PM10 Particles Sampled in Three Different Areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Platinum group elements (PGE) including Ru, Rh, Pt and Pd have been quantified in air particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 10 microns (PM10) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). PM10 aerosols have been collected from three sites representing various activities in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. These locations are residential site with heavy traffic, industrial site and heavy traffic and a light traffic site outside the city. To obtain reasonable data of the PGE concentrations, a group from 10 to 15 PM10 samples were collected every month. The annual and seasonal variation of the mass concentration of the PGE were demonstrated. In all locations, Pt and Pd were relatively higher than Ru and Rh possibly because their main use is in automobile catalytic converters. Concentrations of observed PGE in PM10 could be arranged in ascending order as: Rh < Ru < Pd < Pt. In case of Ru and Pt, there are clear similarities in terms of the overall mean concentrations at the sampling locations. Due to the high concentration of Ru, Rh and Pd at low traffic site, there are certainly other sources of these elements rather than vehicle catalytic converters. However, at the industrial/heavy traffic location, high concentrations of Ru were detected during February 2015. In addition, high Pt concentrations were also detected at the light traffic site during May 2015. Results indicate that Pt source in PM10 is mainly the automobile catalytic converters.

Satellite Monitoring of Siberian Wildfires and Their Effects: Features of 2019 Anomalies and Trends of 20-Year Changes

The features of anomalous Siberian wildfires in 2019 and trends of their changes during 2000–2019 are analyzed on the basis of satellite monitoring data. The average values of wildfire areas; total volumes of CO, CO2, and aerosol PM2.5 emissions; and their density (per area unit) in the Siberian Federal District of Russia and its regions are estimated for a 20-year period, as well as the number, radiative power, and spatial distribution of wildfires on the territory of North Eurasia in 2019. In July 2019, the wildfire area in Irkutsk oblast exceeded the average value for the period of 2001–2019 by more than four times, whereas the related total volumes of emissions of CO, CO2, and PM2.5 aerosol in June 2019 were five times higher than their average values for this period. The regional weather-climate features of summer 2019 were revealed using on-land observations and reanalysis, in particular, atmospheric blocking, which is related to the formation of extreme regimes of wildfires and floods in adjacent territories of Siberia.

Contents, distribution and sources of lanthanoid elements in rural and urban atmospheric particles in Cienfuegos (Cuba)

This study investigates the contents, distribution patterns, and sources of lanthanoid elements (La to Lu) in aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) in a coastal Caribbean region in order to better constrain the origin of the atmospheric PM contamination. We sampled and analysed PM10 aerosols during 2015 simultaneously at a rural and an urban site in Cienfuegos (Cuba) as well as particles samples from regional contamination sources. Results showed that the sum of the studied lanthanoids concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 13.42 ng m−3 and from 0.51 to 18.75 ng m−3 at the rural and the urban site, respectively. Time variations for the lanthanoid concentrations displayed similar trends and showed that the highest concentrations corresponded to the influence of the African dust for both sites, but presented distinct variability and lower concentrations when dust intrusions were less frequent. The lanthanoid distribution patterns in the rural and urban sites were significantly different, due to the impact of different local combustion sources. Our results were comforted by comparing the degree of fractionation of the lighter and heavier lanthanoids and the δEu and δCe anomalies between our PM10 samples and those of the local sources of contamination. Ultimately, we highlight the added value of lanthanoid elements as reliable indicators for discriminating emission sources and for tracking the origin of atmospheric particulate matter.

Impact of ice-free oases on particulate matter over the East Antarctic: Inferences from the carbonaceous, water-soluble species and trace metals

The present study reports on carbonaceous, water-soluble species and trace metals in PM10 aerosols collected at Bharati station during the austral summer (December 17, 2016 to February 2, 2017) over East Antarctica. Organic matter was the predominant among all measured species followed by nss-Ca2+ and nss-SO42-. Two distinct air masses that arrive from high-altitude-troposphere (HTAs) and low-altitude-troposphere (LTAs) regions which clearly showed significant differences in concentrations of measured chemical and metal species as inferred from the air mass backward trajectory analysis and mixed layer height variations. Based on significant positive correlations among chemical species, aerosol liquid water content (ALWC), and PM10 mass, we confirmed that the aqueous-phase formation of secondary aerosols followed by atmospheric processing are possible sources in HTAs while primary emissions associated with soil/dust from ice-free regions and in-situ emissions are major sources in LTAs. This result further supported by significant (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of specific trace metals (for example, Fe, Ti, and Pb) in LTAs. Moreover, higher cation-to-anion (Σ+/Σ−) ratios suggesting the alkaline nature of aerosols at Bharati. The present study demonstrates that ice-free regions over East Antarctica may act as major sources of particulate matter, thus significant implications toward climate change over the global environment.

On the seasonal aerosol pollution levels and its sources in some primary schools in Vilnius, Lithuania.

Aerosol particle number (PNC) and mass concentrations (PMC) were studied in 11 primary schools during the 2017-2018 school years (from September to May) in Vilnius, Lithuania, with the aim to evaluate the main aerosol pollution sources and its levels. Expeditious information on the total aerosol particle concentration over the full range of sizes (from 0.01 to > 1μm) was estimated using a condensation particle counter (CPC). Particle number and mass concentrations in the size range of 0.3-10μm were measured and estimated using an optical particle sizer (OPS). The use of aerosol particle size spectra (OPS) in school lodgements facilitated the identification of the main sources of indoor air pollution. The main sources responsible for the elevated levels of indoor PN and PM aerosol concentrations were determined: local canteens in the absence of ventilation (particle concentrations up to 97,500 part/cm3 (CPC)), the school-grader activity during the lesson breaks (275-586μg/m3), soft furniture and carpets in the classrooms and corridors (~ 200μg/m3), and in some cases (city center) elevated outdoor aerosol pollution levels (16800-18,170 part/cm3). Elevated aerosol pollution levels were also due to the occasional sources: construction works during lessons (200-1000μg/m3), scraping the exterior walls of buildings near schools (up to 1600μg/m3), and the use of petrol-powered trimmers during cutting of green plantings (22500-66,400 part/cm3 (CPC)).

Enhanced Light‐Absorption of Black Carbon in Rainwater Compared With Aerosols Over the Northern Indian Ocean

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) aerosols affect climate, especially in high aerosol loading regions such as South Asia. A key uncertainty for the climate effects of BC is the evolution of light‐absorbing properties in the atmosphere. Here, we present a year‐round comparison of the mass absorption cross section (MAC; 678 nm) of BC in air (PM10) and rain, for samples collected at the Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo. We develop a filter‐loading correction scheme for estimating BC absorption on filters used in high‐volume samplers. The year‐round average MAC678 of BC in the rain is almost twice (13.3 ± 4.2 m2/g) compared to the PM10 aerosol (7.2 ± 2.6 m2/g). A possible explanation is the elevated ratio of organic carbon (OC) to BC observed in rain particulate matter (9.4 ± 6.3) compared to in the aerosols (OC/BC 2.6 ± 1.4 and water‐insoluble organic carbon/BC 1.2 ± 0.8), indicating a coating‐enhancement effect. In addition to BC, we also investigated the MAC365 of water‐soluble brown carbon in PM10 (0.4 ± 0.4 m2/g, at 365 nm). In contrast to BC, MAC365brown carbon relates to air mass history, showing higher values for samples from air originating over the South Asian landmass. Furthermore, calculated washout ratios are much lower for BC compared to OC and inorganic ions such as sulfate, implying a longer atmospheric lifetime for BC. The wet deposition flux for BC during the high loading winter was 3 times higher than during the wet summer, despite much less precipitation in the winter.

Chemical Characteristics of Arsenic in PM2.5 in Beijing

This study assesses the chemical characteristics of As in aerosol PM2.5 samples that were collected from July 2011 to May 2012 in Beijing, China. Total As, As(Ⅲ), and As(Ⅴ) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and hydride generation atomic fluorescence (HG-AFS), respectively. The average concentrations of total As, As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) over the entire sampling period were (21.82±17.01), (3.15±1.94), and (10.78±5.39) ng·m-3, respectively. The average concentrations of total As, As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) were (16.62±5.80), (18.34±9.00), (21.49±10.22), and (29.52±27.97) ng·m-3 during the spring, (5.42±2.5), (1.61±0.51), (2.88±1.12), and (3.27±1.23) ng·m-3 during the summer, and (7.55±1.47), (13.57±13.34), (12.75±6.54), and (8.68±3.57) ng·m-3 during the winter, respectively. The average concentrations of As(Ⅲ) in different seasons were higher than As(Ⅴ) concentrations. Seasonal characteristics may be caused by seasonal differences in diffusion conditions, emission sources, and atmospheric oxidation. The ratios of average concentrations of As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ) were 0.67 in spring, 0.13 in summer, 0.27 in autumn, and 0.44 in winter. Ratios of As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ) were negatively correlated with relative humidity, which indicates that high humidity conditions may not have been favorable for the transformation of As(Ⅲ) into As(Ⅴ). As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) both showed positive correlations with Ca2+, thereby indicating that soil dust may have been an important source of As(Ⅲ).

PM2.5 Pollution Characteristics During Winter and Summer in the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos Region, China

Based on the source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, we analyze the main sources and characteristics of aerosol fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter and summer in the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos region, China. We found that organic (19.9%-44.6%) and crustal compositions (9.7%-46.2%) accounted for a large proportion of aerosol PM2.5 according to the results of mass closure. The results of source apportionment showed that the contribution of sources rank as:secondary inorganic aerosol (26.7%) > coal (26.1%) > motor vehicle (19.1%) > dust (18.1%) during winter, and as:secondary inorganic aerosol (26.7%) > dust (22.3%) > coal (16.6%) > vehicle exhaust (15.1%) > SOC (8.7%) during summer. Findings suggest that the contribution of sources with secondary inorganic aerosol were the largest sources both in winter and summer, and that the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos region was also affected by coal during the winter and dust during the summer. Corresponding to the source apportionment, analysis of typical heavy pollution episodes in winter and summer showed that the pollution sources during the winter were mainly secondary inorganic aerosol and coal, whereas they were mainly secondary inorganic aerosol during the summer.

The vertical profiles of carbonaceous aerosols and key influencing factors during wintertime over western Sichuan Basin, China

With Tibetan Plateau higher than 4 km to the west, the location of Sichuan Basin is unique all around the world and provides a good platform to study air pollution in the urban agglomerations over the complex terrain. To fill in the blanks on vertical distributions of PM1 (the particles smaller than 1 μm) and carbonaceous aerosols within the basin, by means of high topographic relief, PM1 were off-line sampled during 20 January to 2 February 2018 at eight sites with increasing altitudes from the basin to southeastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau. The regional potential sources for each site were revealed by HYbrid-Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) method. The lowest carbonaceous aerosol levels occurred at Lixian, while the highest OC (organic carbon) (EC, elemental carbon) was at Hongyuan (the altitude of 3500 m) (Ande, a rural site) due to more primary emissions. The pollutants inside the basin can be transported the altitudes from 2 km to 3 km by vertical dispersion, but they cannot be dispersed to higher altitudes. The vertical stratification of the pollutants was obvious and easily formed “high-low-high” pattern from Sichuan Basin to southeastern Tibetan Plateau, especially during highly polluted episodes. The regional potential sources significantly varied as the increased altitudes. Regional pollution was significant inside the basin. The sources at the altitudes from 2 km to 3 km originated from southeastern margins of the Plateau and surrounding cities, while those at higher altitudes were transported from southeastern margins of the Plateau. The impact of basic meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed and vapor pressure) on carbonaceous aerosols was opposite between the basin and Plateau sites. This study was essential to understanding formation mechanisms of severe pollution episodes and thus to making control measures for the urban agglomerations inside the mountainous terrain.

Spring Aerosol in Urban Atmosphere of Megacity: Analytical and Statistical Assessment for Source Impacts

In the complex situation with the plurality of emissions, the important research task of assessing the air quality and potential sources through aerosol composition analyses remains for Moscow’s megacity environment. The light absorption, PM10 mass concentration, aerosol composition, and meteorological parameters in this urban background were measured during spring 2017, a period characterized by significant changes in the air temperature, mass advection, and solar radiation. The organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) and 76 organic compounds, e.g., alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxidized PAHs, hopanes, anhydrosugars, polyols, primary and secondary saccharides, and HULIS, as well as 13 ions, including K+, a marker of biomass burning, have been quantified to determine the carbonaceous and inorganic chemical profiles of the aerosol. The correlation between the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) and the levoglucosan concentration reveals the relative contributions of agricultural fires and residential biomass burning (BB) nearby to the urban aerosol composition. Combining detailed analytical and statistical approaches, we have identified and analyzed the specific chemical compounds that most accurately represent the variability of the aerosol composition. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the main factors for marker species related to gasoline/diesel traffic, BB, biogenic activity, and secondary formation in the atmosphere. Distinguishing the BB-affected periods allows us to evaluate daily changes in the aerosol composition in relation to the transported air masses and detected fires in the areas surrounding Moscow.

Trace elements and human health risks assessment of finer aerosol atmospheric particles (PM1).

The present study investigated PM1 (aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm) mass concentrations and sixteen (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Ti, and Zn) PM1-related trace elements. PM1 samples were collected in an anthropized area of international attention close to oil/gas pre-treatment plants in Agri Valley (Southern Italy). The PM1 mass concentrations varied from 3 to 16 μg/m3. The decreasing pattern of the trace element concentrations was S > Ca > Na > K ≈ Mg ≈ Fe> Al > Li > Cr > Zn > Ti> Cu > Ni ≈ Mn > Pb ≈ Cd. Anthropogenic local emissions such as biomass burning, vehicular traffic, and industrial sources mainly related to oil/gas pre-treatment plants were identified by the principal component analysis. Further, air mass back-trajectory analyses suggest an important contribute to the long-range transport on PM1 at Agri Valley. The carcinogenic (Cd, Cr(VI), Ni, and Pb) and non-carcinogenic (Cd, Cr(VI), Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) health risks both for children and for adults were assessed using the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methods considering inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact pathway. Chromium (VI) posed the highest carcinogenic risk for both children and adults. The integrated carcinogenic risks were respectively 3.45 × 10-5 and 1.38 × 10-4 for children and adults indicating that attention should be paid for carcinogenic health effects. Nickel posed the highest non-carcinogenic risk for children through inhalation pathway. The integrated non-carcinogenic risk showed a value higher than 1 highlighting that Cd, Cr(VI), Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn may cause cumulative non-carcinogenic health effect for children from inhalation exposure.

Mass concentrations and lung cancer risk assessment of PAHs bound to PM1 aerosol in six industrial, urban and rural areas in the Czech Republic, Central Europe

The daily concentrations of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM1 aerosol samples, including 7 carcinogenic PAHs, were determined in six urban/rural areas in the Czech Republic in winter seasons between 2013 and 2017. The PM1 aerosol was collected on quartz fibre filters using high-volume samplers for 24 h and PAHs were analysed by GC-MS. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the industrial city Ostrava (60.8 ng m−3), which is one of the most polluted areas in the Czech Republic, while the lowest concentrations were obtained in the small town Čelákovice (11.7 ng m−3) and in the background rural area Košetice (12.3 ng m−3). Carcinogenic PAHs formed 43.9%–57.8% of total analysed PAHs.The toxic equivalence factors for individual PAHs adopted from literature and two unit risks (Cal-EPA and WHO) were used for the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of PAHs exposure. The inhalation cancer risk models assume a lifetime exposure (70 years), whereas our measurement was realized for a relatively short duration in winters where concentrations of PAHs are usually high. The average of PAHs concentrations will be lower for the whole year resulting in lower lung cancer risk values. The calculated lifetime lung cancer risk of PAHs exposure for the measured winter periods suggested 1545 cases per 1 million people in Ostrava (industrial area), 192–456 cases per 1 million people in other four investigated cities/towns and 182 cases per 1 million people in Košetice (rural area). The calculated lifetime lung cancer risk values are related only to ambient concentrations of PAHs in atmospheric aerosols. Nevertheless, other factors can influence and increase the lung cancer risk, e.g., occupation, smoking, indoor emissions of coal/wood combustion in stoves or genetic factors of individuals. Our results can also be underestimated due to the determination of PAHs only in PM1 aerosol.

Heavy Metals in PM10 Aerosols Over an Urban Industrial City

PM10 aerosols were monitored and analyzed for heavy metal concentration at Raipur city Chhattisgarh, India for possible source identification of pollutants. Sampling of PM10 aerosols was carried out by using respirable dust sampler during the year 2016. Daily PM10 average concentrations varied between 122.033 and 197.854 μg/m3, 91.350 and 133.950 μg/m3 and 112.770 and 480.170 μg/m3 in summer, monsoon and winter respectively. Chemical analysis of PM10 samples was carried out for heavy metal determination. Heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) were analyzed with the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and found in the range of 2.713-36.862, 0.131-9.129. 0.880-4.195 and 0.015-0.321 μg/m3 for Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni respectively. PM10 concentrations shows distinct seasonal variation being twice in winter season than in summer; winter (mean: 241.820 ± 33.912 μg/m3) &gt; summer (mean: 159.512 ± 14.360 μg/m3) &gt; monsoon (mean: 107.480 ± 9.213 μg/m3). The concentration of heavy metal was different in all the seasons depending on their sources. Identification of possible sources was done by principal component analysis (PCA) illustrating industrial activities, soil (crustal) dust and biomass burning as the major sources in the region. The back trajectory analysis of the air masses depicts that the local anthropogenic activities affect the concentration of pollutants at the source. Correlation analysis between the heavy metal concentrations agreed the results obtained by PCA. The work helped in observing the seasonal trend of particulate matter concentrations and in identification of major sources of air pollution in the city.

Characterization of atmospheric aerosol (PM10 and PM2.5) from a medium sized city in São Paulo state, Brazil

Air pollution causes deleterious effects on human health with aerosols being among the most polluting agents. The objective of this work is the characterization of the PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol mass in the atmosphere. The methods of analysis include WD-XRF and EDS. Data were correlated with meteorological information and air mass trajectories (model HYSPLIT) by multivariate analysis. A morphological structural analysis was also carried out to identify the probable sources of atmospheric aerosols in the city of São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. The mean mass concentration values obtained were 24.54 μg/m3 for PM10, above the WHO annual standard value of 20 μg/m3 and 10.88 μg/m3 for PM2.5 whose WHO recommended limit is 10 μg/m3. WD-XRF analysis of the samples revealed Si and Al as major components of the coarse fraction. In the fine fraction, the major elements were Al and S. The SEM-FEG characterization allowed identifying the morphology of the particles in agglomerates, ellipsoids and filaments in the PM10, besides spherical in the PM2.5. The analysis by EDS corroborated WD-XRF results, identifying the crustal elements, aluminosilicates and elements of anthropogenic origin in the coarse fraction. For the fine fraction crustal elements were also identified; aluminosilicates, black carbon and spherical particles (C and O) originating from combustion processes were predominant. The use of multivariate analysis to correlate air mass trajectories with the results of the morpho-structural characterization of the particulate matter allowed confirmation of the complex composition of the particles resulting from the combination of both local and long-distance sources.

Seasonal and spatial variability of secondary inorganic aerosols in PM2.5 at Agra: Source apportionment through receptor models.

The present study was conducted at sub-urban and rural site of Agra. The main aim of this study was to characterize WSII in terms of spatial, seasonal and formation characteristics and identify the major sources responsible for the pollution of WSII in PM2.5 particles using different source apportionment models. Since biomass burning is one of the most important sources of PM2.5 pollution in Agra, a case study was also conducted at rural site to investigate the contribution of biomass burning from cooking activities using different types of fuels. PM2.5 mass concentrations were higher at sub-urban site (91.0 ± 50.8 μg/m3) than at rural site (77.1 ± 48.6 μg/m3). WSII contributed 50.0% and 45.8% of annual average PM2.5 mass at both sites. The aerosols were ammonium rich and were therefore alkaline in nature. Aerosol acidity characteristics studied using AIM-II model showed that the aerosols were slightly less acidic at rural site than at sub-urban site. SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ were the major contributors of WSII and their formation was favoured mainly in winter. Although, WSII showed slight variations in seasonal and spatial characteristics, the major sources of pollution were found to be similar. Four sources were identified as biomass burning (29.1% and 27.4%), secondary aerosols (26.2% and 22.5%), coal combustion (22.3% and 26.9%) and soil dust (22.4% and 23.1%) at sub-urban and rural sites. The results of case study showed that among different types of biomass fuels cow dung cakes showed maximum PM2.5 emissions while LPG showed minimum PM2.5 emissions.

Differences in carbonaceous aerosol of fine particles between haze and non-haze days, Beijing

In order to illustrate the factors dominating haze events over Beijing occurred in January, 2013, ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particles with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) samples were collected from January 16 to 31, 2013 at an urban area of Beijing. Daily meteorological parameters including atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity (RH) were recorded. Carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 including elemental carbon, organic carbon, PAHs, n-alkanes and levoglucosan were determined to compare the concentration differences between haze days and non-haze days. Associations between PM2.5 carbonaceous aerosols and meteorological parameters were examined. Significant increases of carbonaceous aerosols are found in haze days than those in non-haze days, indicating primary emission sources play a role in haze events occurred in January, 2013. Meteorological parameters do not correlate with carbonaceous aerosols, supporting the regional transport is not dominant factor controlling haze formations. Our results show the primary emissions and meteorological conditions co-contribute the haze formation in Beijing during the sampling period of January, 2013.

Concentrations and Adsorption Isotherms for Amphiphilic Surfactants in PM1 Aerosols from Different Regions of Europe.

Predicting the activation of submicrometer particles into cloud droplets in the atmosphere remains a challenge. The importance of surface tension, σ (mN m-1), in these processes has been evidenced by several works, but information on the "surfactants" lowering σ in actual atmospheric particles remains scarce. In this work, PM1 aerosols from urban, coastal, and remote regions of Europe (Lyon, France, Rogoznica, Croatia, and Pallas, Finland, respectively) were investigated and found to contain amphiphilic surfactants in concentrations up to 2.8 μg m-3 in the air and 1.3 M in the particle dry volume. In Pallas, correlations with the PM1 chemical composition showed that amphiphilic surfactants were present in the entire range of particle sizes, supporting recent works. This implied that they were present in hundreds to thousands of particles cm-3 and not only in a few large particles, as it has been hypothesized. Their adsorption isotherms and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were also determined. The low CMC obtained (3 × 10-5-9 × 10-3 M) implies that surface tension depression should be significant for all the particles containing these compounds, even at activation (growth factor ∼ 10). Amphiphilic surfactants are thus likely to enhance the CCN ability of submicrometer atmospheric particles.

EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS ON THE KOREAN PENINSILA CAISED BY FIREWORKS IN CHINA DURING CHINESE LUNAR NEW YEAR

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of fireworks using aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol optical properties (AOP) from Terra/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sunphotometer, and PM (Particulate Matter) data were observed in Gwangju, South Korea and Shanghai, China. During the Lunar New Year period in 2014, the PM2.5 concentration by fireworks in Shanghai showed the highest concentration on the day of Lunar New Year, and air pollutants of long-range transport by fireworks were affected the increase of PM10 concentration and aerosol optical depth over the Korean peninsula). These results show that the effect of fireworks, which was recognized as a local air pollution problem, can be transported to the Korean peninsula from China. The results of this study can be very useful for monitoring the atmosphere by firework effect over the Korean Peninsula.

Internal gravity and infrasound waves during a hurricane in Moscow On May 29, 2017

The results of recording of internal gravity waves (IGWs) and infrasound waves from the warm and cold fronts associated with the atmospheric storm passing through Moscow on May 29, 2017 are presented. The waves were recorded by a network of 4 microbarographs IFA–MGU–MSR–ZNS located in Moscow and Moscow region, and compared with the data of measurements of the parameters of infrasound waves at infrasound station IS43 in Dubna. We study the temporal changes in the characteristics of IGWs and infrasound waves (coherence, direction of propagation,phase velocities, characteristic periods and frequency spectra) with the passage of warm and cold fronts through the network. The transition from the gravity to the acoustic dispersive branch of acoustic-gravity waves due to an increase in frequency and the temporal modulation of the phase velocity of infrasound waves caused by IGWs are also studied. The measurement data for PM10 aerosol concentrations and NO2 gas concentrations at various locations in Moscow during a passage of atmospheric storm are presented. The possibility of detecting wave precursors of atmospheric storms simultaneously in variations of atmospheric pressure, wind velocity and aerosol concentrations is studied.