Aerobic Activity Research Articles

Effects of Creatine Monohydrate on Endurance Performance in a Trained Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

There is robust evidence that creatine monohydrate supplementation can enhance short-term high-intensity exercise in athletes. However, the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic performance and its role during aerobic activities is still controversial. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the supplementation effects of creatine monohydrate on endurance performance in a trained population. The search strategy in this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were explored from inception until 19 May, 2022. Only human experimental trials, controlled with a placebo group, evaluating the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on endurance performance in a trained population were analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 13 studies satisfied all the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results for the pooled meta-analysis showed a non-significant change in endurance performance after creatine monohydrate supplementation in a trained population (p = 0.47), with a trivial negative effect (pooled standardized mean difference = - 0.07 [95% confidence interval - 0.32 to 0.18]; I2 = 34.75%). Further, after excluding the studies not evenly distributed around the base of the funnel plot, the results were similar (pooled standardized mean difference = - 0.07 [95% confidence interval - 0.27 to 0.13]; I2 = 0%; p = 0.49). Creatine monohydrate supplementation was shown to be ineffective on endurance performance in a trained population. The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with the following registration number: CRD42022327368.

Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Activity in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder for which behavioural treatments such as exercise are recommended as part of a multi-disciplinary treatment program. Exercise improves executive function in individuals with ADHD, but limited information exists regarding the mechanisms involved in the response. We examined task-evoked brain responses during exercise and seated rest in 38 adolescents (n = 15 ADHD; age = 13.6+/-1.9, male = 73.3%, n = 23 typically developing (TD; age = 13.3+/-2.1, male = 56.5%)). Participants completed a working memory and inhibitory task while cycling at a moderate intensity for 25 minutes (i.e., exercise condition) and while seated on the bike without pedalling (i.e., control condition). Conditions were randomized and counter-balanced. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy measured relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in 16 brain regions-of-interest. Brain activity for each cognitive task and condition was examined using linear mixed effects models with a false discovery rate correction (FDR). The ADHD group had slower response speeds for all tasks and lower response accuracy in the working memory task during exercise compared to the TD group (p < 0.05). For the inhibitory task, the ADHD group had lower brain activity in the inferior/superior parietal gyrus during exercise compared to the control condition, while the opposite was true for TD (FDRcorrected, p < 0.05). For the working memory task, higher brain activity during exercise was observed, regardless of group, in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus and the temporoparietal junction (FDRcorrected, p < 0.05). Dual-task performance is challenging for adolescents with ADHD and exercise may modulate neuronal resources in regions such as the temporoparietal junction and frontal areas known to be hypoactive in this population. Future research should examine how these relationships change over time.

Are tai chi and qigong effective in the treatment of TBI? A systematic review protocol.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) adversely affects both young and old and is a growing public health issue. A number of recent trends in managing TBI, such as recommending sub-threshold aerobic activity, tailoring multi-modal treatment strategies, and studying the possible role of low-grade inflammation in those with persistent symptoms, all suggest that the physical and cognitive exercise of tai chi/qigong could have benefit. Designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the following databases will be searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. All clinical trials on mild, moderate and/or severe TBI with tai chi and/or qigong as the treatment group and any comparison group, in any setting will be included. Four reviewers will independently select studies; two reviewers for the English and two for the Chinese databases. Cochrane-based risk of bias assessments will be conducted on all included studies. An analysis will then be conducted with the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) instrument. This review will summarize the clinical trial evidence on tai chi/qigong for TBI including type of TBI, age/sex of participants, type and length of intervention and comparator, outcome measures, and any adverse events. The risk of bias will be considered, and the strengths and weaknesses of each trial will be analyzed. The results of this review will be considered with respect to whether there is enough evidence of benefit to merit a more definitive randomized controlled trial.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO [CRD42022364385].

Self-Reported Physical Activity and Perception of Athleticism in American Equestrian Athletes.

Over 75% of American adults are not meeting aerobic and muscular physical activity recommendations, with the majority being females. Equestrian activities are a potential avenue to increase physical activity, especially in females who account for approximately 90% of sport participants. This study describes perceptions of equestrian activities and establishes the patterns of self-reported equestrian, barn work, and nonequestrian physical activity engagement to understand participation in activities that may sustain physical activity across the lifespan. American equestrians (n = 2551) completed an anonymous online survey with questions about perceptions and benefits of equestrian activities, demographics, and engagement in equestrian activities, barn work, and nonequestrian activities. There were 2039 completed responses, (95.6% female), with representation from all regions of the United States. Professionals (20.6%), amateurs (39.1%), and recreational (40.3%) comprised participation status. Significantly fewer recreational participants perceived equestrian as physical activity and as a sport than amateurs (P < .05) and professionals (P < .05). Engagement in equestrian and barn work physical activity was significantly higher in professionals (P < .0001), followed by amateurs (P < .0001), with the lowest in recreational equestrians (P = .001). Professional and amateur equestrians engaged in significantly more nonequestrian physical activity than recreational participants (P < .05). Equestrian physical activity engagement is dependent on the status of participation. Equestrian, barn work, and nonequestrian physical activity do meet physical activity aerobic and muscular recommendations and should be encouraged as a physical activity for females across the lifespan.

Cancer survivors at greater risk for bone fractures late in life

Cancer survivors at greater risk for bone fractures late in life

Abstract P226: Aerobic and Muscle Strengthening Physical Activity and Television Viewing Are Independently Associated With Odds of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Cardia Study

Introduction: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in US adults is over 25%, yet the etiology of lifestyle factors in the development of NAFLD remains understudied. We examined the independent and joint associations among aerobic physical activity (PA) intensity (moderate, vigorous) and PA type (aerobic, muscle strengthening), television viewing (TV), and odds of NAFLD. Hypothesis: Higher levels of aerobic and muscle strengthening PA are associated with lower odds of NAFLD, and higher levels of TV are associated with higher odds of NAFLD. Methods: We analyzed data from Year 25 of the CARDIA cohort study. Our exposures (moderate and vigorous aerobic and muscle strengthening PA, TV; hr/wk) were assessed using validated questionnaires. Our outcome (NAFLD) was measured using non-contrast computed tomography. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to examine the independent and joint associations between PA (moderate or vigorous aerobic and strength), TV, and odds of NAFLD. Covariates were sex, age, race, study center, education, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and waist circumference. Results: 2726 participants (648 with NAFLD) were analyzed (mean (SD) age, 50.1 (3.6) years; 49% Black; 43% male). Fully adjusted odds ratios per IQR-standardized continuous PA and TV were: moderate aerobic PA (IQR = 4.3), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.81-1.07); vigorous aerobic PA (IQR = 1.9), 0.63 (95% CI, 0.55-0.73); muscle strengthening PA (IQR = 3.3), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.07-0.92); and TV (IQR = 14.0), 1.20 (95% CI, 1.10-1.32). Only vigorous aerobic PA remained statistically significant after waist circumference adjustment, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70-0.98). A PA-TV index model (Figure) indicated the combination of higher vigorous aerobic and muscle strengthening PA and lower TV resulted in an odds ratio of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.15-0.37). Conclusion: Concurrent higher levels of vigorous aerobic PA (≥2 hr/wk), muscle strengthening PA (≥2 hr/wk), and lower levels of TV (&lt;7 hr/wk) were associated with 77% lower odds of NAFLD.

Abstract P512: Association Between Resting Rate Pressure Product and All-Cause Mortality Among United States Adults

Background: Rate pressure product (RPP) is a measure of myocardial oxygen consumption and often used to quantify cardiac exercise workload. We sought to determine whether resting RPP was associated with all-cause mortality in healthy U.S. adults. Methods: This was a nationally representative, retrospective cohort study of the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), linked to the National Death Index through 2019. We included adult, non-pregnant participants without cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, hypertension, diabetes, or current chronotropic agent use. RPP was calculated as the product of mean systolic BP (of 3 sitting BPs) and resting heart rate, and classified into quintiles (Q1≤7300, Q2 [Ref]: 7300-8250, Q3: 8250-9200, Q4: 9200-10400, Q5: &gt;10400). We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate risk of all-cause mortality, adjusting for demographics, CVD risk factors, and comorbidities, and accounting for the survey design. Results: Among 19,954 participants (mean age 40y; 9,653 [48%] female; 8,056 [66%] non-Hispanic White), 1,013 died over a median follow-up of 10.3 years (IQR, 5.6-15.5). Adults in Q3-Q5 had significantly increased unadjusted risk of all-cause mortality compared to Q2 (HR [95% CI], Q1: 0.89 [0.50,1.58], Q3: 1.69 [1.06,2.72], Q4: 1.97 [1.16,3.34], Q5: 2.69 [1.71,4.22]). Adjustment for covariates attenuated risks of mortality but remained 61% higher for Q5 (Q2 [Ref], Q1: 1.02 [0.77,1.36], Q3: 1.09 [0.85,1.40], Q4: 1.22 [0.93,1.59], Q5: 1.61 [1.25,2.07]). When stratifying by gender, men, but not women, demonstrated increased risk of mortality in Q4 and Q5 (Women, Q4: 0.84 [0.54,1.31], Q5: 1.33 [0.89,1.98]; Men, Q4: 1.53 [1.07,2.18], Q5: 1.79 [1.30,2.46]). Conclusion: Healthy adult participants with a resting RPP greater than 10,400 had 61% higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to a RPP less than or equal to 7,300. This effect seems to be more pronounced in men than women. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the independent, predictive value of RPP and factors (e.g. aerobic activity) driving RPP.

Abstract P441: Association of Monthly Resistance Training Volume With All-Cause Mortality in NHANES 1999-2006

Introduction: The WHO Physical Activity Guidelines recommend at least 2 days of resistance training (RT) per week. RCTs have shown a dose-response between RT volume and improving blood pressure, lipids, and markers of glycemia. There is discordance between the Guidelines recommending a frequency while empirical evidence supports a volume. Our objective was to test whether RT Guidelines and volume were associated with lower mortality. Methods: Data are from the 1999–2006 NHANES cycles. Participants self-reported past 30 days of physical activity including type, which was used to assign METs, number of sessions, and average session duration in minutes. Those who reported engaging in RT (push-ups, sit-ups, and weightlifting) with no missing data were included ( N =1,391). RT volume was measured in monthly MET-minutes, calculated as the product of the number of sessions, mean session duration, and intensity. Mortality was ascertained from the linked National Death Index through the end of 2019. Covariates included monthly aerobic physical activity volume, sex, age, and education. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for all-cause mortality by RT Guideline adherence and RT volume. Results: Participants had a mean age of 41.3±16.3 years and were mostly male (62.7%). Most participants met the Guidelines ( n =1,041, 74.8%). The mean monthly RT volume was 2,210±2,550 MET-minutes. Mortality incidence was 11.4% with a mean follow-up time of 189±41.6 months (159 events, 263,585 total person-months). Neither meeting the Guidelines nor monthly RT volume was associated with all-cause mortality (Table 1.). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex or age. Conclusions: According to these findings, current Guidelines promoting RT for health benefits are not supported by empirical data. However, the absence of an association between monthly RT volume and all-cause mortality warrants further investigation using better instrumentation for assessing RT volume.

Organization of motor activity of younger schoolchildren with impaired health in the conditions of the NUSH

The article highlights the importance of motor activity in the motor and psychological development of junior school children. It has been proven that a person's motor skills mature gradually over time. This depends on several factors, including, but not limited to, individual differences, health status, quality of neuromuscular structures, and stimulating factors.&#x0D; Research included in this review shows that different types of physical activity, including aero- bic training, strength training, dance, yoga, and walking programs, improve mood and mental health. Aerobic physical activity has the greatest effect on reducing the symptoms of anxiety and stress. Habits related to the physical activity, acquired in childhood, can be maintained in adulthood, which contributes to the better health and quality of life. Extensive literature indicates that regular physical activity encourages growth and development and has multiple benefits for the mental, physical, cognitive and psychosocial health of children.&#x0D; Children capacities for exercise change in accordance within defined developmental periods. Young children are active at short intervals and their capacity for continuous activity increases as they grow and mature. The health benefits of sporadic exercise at a younger age are not well established, stressing the short-term benefits of physical activity for some aspects of cognitive and mental health, indicating that maximum benefit can be achieved by frequent bouts of exercise during the day.

Abstract P508: Social Polarization and Parent Support for Child Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health

Healthy People 2030 estimates that 3 out of 4 children (ages 6-13) do not meet guidelines for aerobic physical activity, an important contributor to cardiovascular health. Determinants of physical activity (PA) occur at individual, household, and neighborhood levels yet little is known about how geospatial risk factors (neighborhood segregation and income inequity) interact with parental influences on child PA. The current study explored the association between index of concentration of extremes (ICE) and child cardiovascular health outcomes, and whether parents PA, child PA, and parent support of child PA modified this association. Methods: A subsample of parent-child dyads from the Family Matters Phase II cohort study (n=350) participated in a multi-method follow up study including survey, geospatial (American Community Survey), and biomarker data collection in Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN (2019-2022). Parents self-reported PA, child PA and parent support of child PA, and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., family structure, educational attainment, annual household income) via an online survey. Children attended a clinic visit to measure height, weight, pulse, and systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP] blood pressure. ICE, used as a measure of census tract social polarization reflecting racial segregation and tract income inequity, was operationalized in these tertiles: concentrated deprivation, middle, and concentrated privilege. Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between ICE tertiles and child cardiovascular health indicators (SBP, DBP, pulse, and BMI percentile). Models were adjusted for parent age, education, race and ethnicity, and household income. Interaction terms between ICE and parents PA, child PA, and parent support of child PA were further explored in these models. Results: Increases in parent engagement in light- and moderate-intensity PA (~30-45-minute increments) were associated with -2.65 mmHg lower DBP (P&lt;0.001) and -2.39 mmHg lower SBP respectively (P=0.001) among children living in the least privileged tracts. The overall interaction of the relationship depended on the census tract privilege (Int. P=0.014), and there was no evidence of a favorable parent PA relationship in medium and most privileged tracts. Light parent PA and ICE interactions were consistent for child pulse and DBP (Int. P&lt;0.05). Parent limiting of screen time had favorable interaction effects for child moderate PA in medium privilege tracts but not at the extremes (Int. P=0.024). Conclusions: Interventions targeting structural disadvantages should consider multilevel components that integrate parent support and modeling of PA to address cardiovascular health disparities in pre-adolescent children. In privileged contexts, alternative interventions may need to target sedentary behaviors to improve child PA.

Abstract P229: The Associations Between Muscular Strengthening Activity, Physical Function, and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease

Background: CVD is the leading cause of mortality in the US. Strong evidence suggests that aerobic physical activity (PA) is associated with reducing the risk of mortality among those with CVD. However, the extent to which muscular strengthening activity (MSA), as well as measures of physical functioning (PF), is related to mortality risk reduction is unknown in those with CVD. Purpose: To examine the associations between MSA and PF with all-cause mortality among a representative sample of the US with CVD. Methods: Participants aged ≥50 years (n=5,531; mean age 64.3 years, 52% female) from the 1999-2006 NHANES with complete covariates and outcomes were included. A subset (n=2,094) had MEC-measured PF data (time to peak force in seconds [TPF]; peak force in newtons [PF-N]; time to complete a 20-foot walk in seconds [TCW]) available at baseline through 2002. MSA volume was dichotomized as meeting (≥2 days/week) vs not meeting current MSA guidelines (&lt;2 days/week). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated associations (HR) between (1) MSA categories, and (2) quartiles of PF [TPF, TCW, PN-F], with all-cause mortality in the overall sample, and then stratified by enrollment age (&lt;50-64 years and ≥65 years). Results: A total of 2,046 deaths from any cause were identified over the 69,386 person-years of follow-up. Null associations were observed between MSA categories with mortality in multivariable models. Age stratified models revealed lower risk of all-cause mortality in adults ≥65 years meeting MSA guidelines versus insufficient MSA (HR 0.85, 0.73-0.99); however this association was not observed in adults aged 50-64 (HR 1.17, 0.82-1.65). Dose-response reductions in all-cause mortality risk were found across all quartiles for TCW and PF-N but not for TPF. These findings were consistent in adults aged 50-64 years and ≥65 years. Conclusions: Results suggest that meeting MSA recommendations is particularly beneficial for lowering all-cause mortality risk among those ≥65 years. Further, higher levels of PF appear to be associated with lower all-cause mortality risk among adults, supporting the role of assessing PF a potential indicator of future mortality risk. These findings collectively underscore the importance of including MSA in exercise prescriptions for older adults with CVD.

Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose–response meta-analysis of large prospective studies

ObjectiveTo estimate the dose–response associations between non-occupational physical activity and several chronic disease and mortality outcomes in the general adult population.DesignSystematic review and cohort-level dose-response meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, Web of...

Combination of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment reduces severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundIdentifying and reducing cardiometabolic risks driven by obesity remains a healthcare challenge. The metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity and inflammation and is predictive of long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in otherwise healthy individuals living with obesity. Therefore, we investigated the effects of adherent exercise, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), or the combination on severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation following weight loss.MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. During an 8-week low-calorie diet (800 kcal/day), 195 adults with obesity and without diabetes lost 12% in body weight. Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide). A total of 166 participants completed the trial. We assessed the prespecified secondary outcome metabolic syndrome severity z-score (MetS-Z), abdominal obesity (estimated as android fat via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and inflammation marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.ResultsThe diet-induced weight loss decreased the severity of MetS-Z from 0.57 to 0.06, which was maintained in the placebo and exercise groups after one year. MetS-Z was further decreased by liraglutide (− 0.37, 95% CI − 0.58 to − 0.16, P < 0.001) and the combination treatment (− 0.48, 95% CI − 0.70 to − 0.25, P < 0.001) compared to placebo. Abdominal fat percentage decreased by 2.6, 2.8, and 6.1 percentage points in the exercise, liraglutide, and combination groups compared to placebo, respectively, and hsCRP decreased only in the combination group compared with placebo (by 43%, P = 0.03).ConclusionThe combination of adherent exercise and liraglutide treatment reduced metabolic syndrome severity, abdominal obesity, and inflammation and may therefore reduce cardiometabolic risk more than the individual treatments.Trial registration EudraCT number: 2015-005585-32, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04122716

Despite the COVID-19 Pandemic, People with Chronic Neurological Disease (Multiple Sclerosis) are Trying to Maintain Physical Activity

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. This disease can manifest itself in many different neurological symptoms such as (gait and balance impairment, sensory deficits, muscle weakness, spasticity, bladder impairment, fatigue, cognitive impairment etc.). For successful disease management not only pharmacological treatment is important, but also a healthy lifestyle including regular physical activity. However, pandemic restrictions limited access to sport facilities and together with home-office regimen, increased the sedentary behaviour in all population. The pandemic level of physical activity in people with MS in the Czech Republic remains unclear. Therefore, using an online cross-sectional survey we aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA) level in people with MS during Covid-19 pandemic. Two hundred ninety-seven persons with MS filled out online survey, 83 % women, with a mean age 43.7 years (SD 11.3). Most respondents had mild to moderate disability (74 %). During pandemic year 2020, 23 % persons with MS ceased their PA, 18 % reduced their PA, 25 % continued their PA as before, 11 % increased their PA, and 20 % did not perform any PA in the past and did not do so during the pandemic. Aerobic activity was the main type of performed PA, followed by health exercise and yoga. Total of 37 % people reported that their fitness level had decreased during the pandemic.&#x0D; Key words: Covid-19, physical activity, exercise, multiple sclerosis&#x0D;

An exploratory study of exercise behaviours and barriers to participation in people with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a focus on resistance training.

The aim of this study was to explore and describe the exercise behaviours and barriers in people with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), with a particular focus on resistance training (RT). Ninety-four Australian adults with a diagnosis of CMT completed an online survey. Fifty-seven percent of respondents reported performing some form of RT each week. Those performing RT engaged in more aerobic activity (P≤0.01) and were involved in longer periods of structured exercise (P<0.01) compared to those not performing RT. The RT group was more likely to perceive their exercise levels as acceptable (P<0.01), that following a program was important (P=0.02), and that exercise is beneficial (P=0.04). The RT group were more likely to have been advised to exercise (P=0.02). Common barriers to exercise were fatigue (64.9%), pain (57.4%), motivation (51.1%), and time (46.8%). RT status did not influence the type of barriers experienced. Weekly RT time was positively associated with exercise satisfaction (r=0.43, P<0.01) and walking distance prior to resting (r=0.29, P=0.04). The findings suggest that positive exercise experiences, advice, assistance from a trainer, and potentially greater resources may influence participation in RT for people with CMT.

Comparing Two Protocols of Exercise on Physical Fitness and Psychological Factors of Mild to Moderate Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have shown that aerobic activity is inversely related to MS symptoms and may be restorative and possibly protective. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) protocols and aerobic exercise on functional fitness as well as the cognitive aspect of female patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: This quasi-experimental and applied clinical trial study consisted of all patients with MS registered in an MS clinic. Among eligible individuals, 30 female RRMS patients were randomly and equally divided into three groups high-intensity functional training (n = 10); aerobic exercise (n = 10), and control group (n = 10). The forearm test, the 30-second standing test, and single leg stance test (SLST), the timed up and go (TUG), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were performed to assess physical factors as well as the 21-DAS questionnaire to assess cognitive aspects. Results: This study showed a meaningful difference between the intervention groups and the control group (P &lt; 0.05), in the level of power in the upper body (P = 0.001), lower torso strength (P = 0.001), static balance (P = 0.001), dynamic balance (P = 0.001). the psychological and behavioral components. Conclusions: Present study suggests that aerobic exercise and HIFT in women with MS can improve and further enhance physical function plus psychological and behavioral factors.

Physical Activity Behaviors and Campus Recreation Use of Students Enrolled in Summer Transition Programs at a Large Northeastern United States University

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity behaviors and campus recreation use of students enrolled in a summer transition (high school to university) program. The physical activity behaviors and socio-demographic characteristics of summer transition program students from a large Northeastern United States university were collected via an online survey. Descriptive statistics were computed, and disparities between genders were examined using independent samples t-tests. Women participated in less aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity compared to men ( p &lt; .05); and, among those who used the primary campus recreation facility, women reported lower use of both weights and informal sports areas, and higher use of group exercise compared to men ( p &lt; .05). Cardio area and indoor running track use did not differ between men and women. In summary, there appears to be an opportunity for university summer transitional programs to address disparities in physical activity by expanding coverage to address a currently unmet need for physical activity promotion.

Relationship between body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness to interpret health risks among sedentary university students from Northern India: A correlation study

BackgroundObesity has been linked to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The risk of CVD outcomes appears to be stratified by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The study's goal was to determine the relationship between university students’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and CRF. MethodsBMI and anthropometric measurements of sedentary male (n = 25) and female (n = 18) voluntary physiotherapy students, aged 18–25 years were taken. Pre- and post one minute (post1) and post 5 minutes (post2) six-minute walk test measurements of CRF—including respiration rate (breath per minute), oxygen saturation (in percentage), pulse rate (beat per minute), and blood pressure (mm Hg) were taken. The total distance (in meters) travelled in six minute (6MWDm) was recorded and entered into the formula: Vo2max = −9.824 + (0.072 x 6MWDm). ResultsMales and females had median (IQR) values of BMI (20.75 and 22.15 kg/m2) and Vo2max (27.07 and 24.84 ml/kg/min) respectively. The data was divided into four groups based on body mass index categorization in relation to Vo2max, with negative coefficients of correlation in underweight (−0.18), overweight (−0.26), and obese (−0.33), and positive coefficients of correlation in normal (0.24) individuals. Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed post1 and post2 readings of respiration rate, oxygen saturation, pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher than pre readings (p < 0.05). ConclusionHigh obesity rate, weak cardio respiratory fitness and negative relationship between BMI and VO2Max indicate necessity of regular aerobic activities to improve health status among University students.

Природа общей мощности спектра и очень низкочастотных волн кардиоинтервалограммы с позиций адаптации организма человека к двигательной активности (обзор)

It is known that heart rate variability (HRV), evaluated using interval electrocardiography (ECG), reflects the influence of the autonomic nervous system (АNS) and biologically active substances on cardiac activity. For this reason, interval ECG method is widely used in sports, as it reveals the mechanisms of human adaptation to motor activity. This article analyses data on the median values of the total power (TP) of the HRV spectrum and absolute and relative power of very low frequency (VLF) waves on the interval electrocardiogram in athletes recorded in the supine position. We chose these three indicators out of more than 30 others due to their informativeness and due to the debatable issue of the nature of VLF waves. Literature data and unpublished results of our studies allow us to conclude that the values of these indicators in athletes depend on a number of factors, including type of sports (being especially high in sports building aerobic endurance), level of athletic skill (being maximum in elite athletes) as well as volume and intensity of training. In elite skiers, the values of these three indicators tend to change in the course of the training year, increasing in the preparatory phase, staying at a high level or even increasing during the competitive phase, and decreasing in the transition phase, which is determined by the relevant dynamics of the training volume throughout the year. The authors believe that the increase in the values of these three HRV indicators points to the growing influence of the parasympathetic division of ANS and non-neuronal acetylcholine on cardiac activity under heavy training volumes. According to the authors, the values of these three indicators reflect the level of aerobic motor activity (the higher they are, the higher this activity).

Are doctors and nurses engaging in physical activity and its promotion?

Physical activity counselling in health care is inadequate but the reasons for this are not well understood. To evaluate physical activity participation and counselling perceptions and practices among doctors and nurses in the UK. This study used two anonymised online questionnaires distributed at different times to doctors and nurses throughout the UK. 629 responses were obtained; 78.3% of doctors and 73.4% of nurses met the UK guideline for aerobic physical activity. Perceived importance of counselling on physical activity was high but less than 50% of participants were actually providing counselling. Counselling was more likely in primary care and doctors were marginally more likely than nurses to counsel. Doctors and nurses are an active cohort and view counselling on physical activity as important. Despite this, counselling levels are low especially in secondary care. Efforts should be made to improve knowledge and opportunity for physical activity counselling.