Program Advertisement Research Articles

Fostering conative loyalty in tourism and hospitality loyalty programs: an eye-tracking experiment of reward timing, fairness perception, and visual attention

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of reward timing (immediate versus delayed rewards) on conative loyalty (deliberate, intention-based commitment to repeatedly choose a specific brand, even in the face of competing alternatives) within tourism and hospitality loyalty programs. Employing eye-tracking technology, we examine how different levels of fairness perception and visual attention influence conative loyalty, contingent on reward timing. Our experiment utilizes simulated loyalty program advertisements from travel agencies and restaurants to assess these dynamics. Findings reveal that immediate rewards significantly enhance conative loyalty compared to delayed rewards, especially when coupled with heightened fairness perceptions and visual attention. The elasticity of conative loyalty escalates with heightened perceived fairness and increased visual attention – a trend more pronounced with immediate rewards. Therefore, the study underscores the critical influence of immediate gratification in loyalty programs, illustrating that timely rewards can be a decisive factor in solidifying conative loyalty and ensuring customer retention in the competitive tourism and hospitality sector.

AutistiCare: A One-Stop Centre for Parents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Children In Perlis

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) typically struggle with social communication and interaction, psychomotor, activity daily living, cognitive, as well as behavioural and intention issues. It is difficult for parents and carers of children with ASD to manage their difficulties, particularly at home and at school. This going to be worst if the parents or carers are not well-equipped with related knowledge on the ASD management. The COVID-19 pandemic situation that spread the world in 2020 has caused significant mental health challenges for parents, such as anxiety and depression, as a result of additional challenges in coping with their children in everyday life, in which the usual therapies that they received at the therapy centre must be completed at home. As a result, supporting them in managing this problem is critical to improving their psychological well-being as a continual attempt from the therapy centre to home. Society nowadays is adapted to the use of the technologies because of COVID-19 phenomena. Strong evidence suggests that online intervention is equally important with a face-to-face approach that has positive effects to autistic children and provides psychological support for the parents. However, there is a gap on the digital intervention platform according to the needs of parents for ASD management especially in Perlis society. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to invent a telehealth platform, characterized as the delivery of healthcare to patients and caregivers via the Internet. The proposed system is AutistiCare targeting parents with ASD children in Perlis that will be developed through a web-based system. The system includes various intervention modules, such as online communities, including online consultations between experts and parents, psychological support through forums, psychoeducation delivered via learning materials such as videos or modules, and service-related postings such as advertisements for ASD programs or seminars. It is envisaged at the end, the system is equipped with optimal ASD management content to support parents with autistic children in Perlis. In addition, it can be a platform to seek knowledge and assistance from the expert remotely.

The ACR Learning Network: Facilitating Local Performance Improvement Through Shared Learning

PurposeThe ACR Learning Network was established to test the viability of the learning network model in radiology. In this report, the authors review the learning network concept, introduce the ACR Learning Network and its components, and report progress to date and plans for the future. MethodsPatterned after institutional programs developed by the principal investigator, the ACR Learning Network was composed of four distinct improvement collaboratives. Initial participating sites were solicited through broad program advertisement. Candidate programs were selected on the basis of assessments of local leadership support, experience with quality improvement initiatives, intraorganizational relationships, and access to data and analytic support. Participation began with completing a 27-week formal quality improvement training and project support program, with local teams reporting weekly progress on a common performance measure. ResultsFour improvement collaborative topics were chosen for the initial cohort with the following numbers of participating sites: mammography positioning (6), prostate MR image quality (6), lung cancer screening (6), and follow-up on recommendations for management of incidental findings (4). To date, all sites have remained actively engaged and have progressed in an expected fashion. A detailed report of the results of the improvement phase will be provided in a future publication. ConclusionsTo date, the ACR Learning Network has successfully achieved planned milestones outlined in the program’s plan, with preparation under way for the second and third cohorts. By providing a shared platform for improvement training and knowledge sharing, the authors are optimistic that the network may facilitate widespread performance improvement in radiology on a number of topics for years to come.

Googling for Sports:

A wealth of research has analyzed how NCAA programs market and advertise for their athletic offerings. Although research into the marketing of NCAA football programs have dominated the literature, this study examined an under-researched element of NCAA marketing and advertising: advertising through paid online search techniques, especially as COVID-19 has moved many marketing efforts online. As a result, this study reports on Google Adwords strategies of a stratified random sample of 250 NCAA Division I, II, and III programs. Results suggest few NCAA programs engage with Google Adwords strategies (9.2%; 23 of 250 programs), while those that do are often Division I programs from Power 5 Conferences. Additionally, one institution spent over $18,000 per month on Google Adwords advertising, while another institution in the same athletics conference spent just under $500. Implications for NCAA program advertisement and online marketing—including in a COVID-19 environment—will be addressed.

The Social Impact of Advertising: How Commercial Weight Loss Program Advertising Promotes Thinness Ideology

Raised body mass index (BMI) is one of the significant risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Regardless of their BMI, more than half of Americans strongly desire to lose weight. As a result, commercial weight loss programs (WLP) have emerged and proliferated in the United States. This study examines WLP advertising as a vehicle for promoting the thinness ideology and how these advertisements impact women’s beliefs and attitudes about self-perceived ideal body image. This study defines thinness ideology as emphasizing being thin and self-perceived ideal body image as individuals’ desired body shapes formed by internalization through advertising messages. By employing four significant theories, this study focuses on how women form their self-perceived ideal body image and, as a result, change their beliefs and attitudes as measured by their changing levels of self-esteem and body (dis)satisfaction. The model is theoretically based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and has been incorporated with social learning theory, social comparison theory, and satisfaction theory. The model also explains the linear transmission of weight loss program advertisements and changes in individuals’ perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes about ideal body image. According to the model, beliefs and attitudes change depending on individuals’ self-esteem and body dissatisfaction levels, often influenced by WLP advertisements promoting the thinness ideology. Keywords: Weight loss program advertising, Theoretical Mapping, Thinness Ideology, Elaboration likelihood model, Social learning theory, Social comparison theory, Satisfaction theory DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/102-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

“Analytical,” “Angry,” and “(Too) Honest”?! Learners' Stereotypes about Teachers of German

AbstractThis study investigated stereotypes about teachers of German that 67 novice learners of German at a U.S. university had reportedly encountered. Consequently, the investigation explored the perceived accuracy of clichés associated with native‐speaker and non‐native‐speaker instructors. Students' stereotypical notions were sorted into categories using principles of grounded theory. Statistical analyses showed that respondents were able to list various stereotypes about instructors of German. Responses also reflected societal narratives concerning native‐speaker and non‐native‐speaker teachers' strengths and shortcomings. Last, and of importance to the future of German Studies, participants considered more favorable stereotypes about teachers as more accurate and less‐favorable clichés as more inaccurate. The study discusses implications for teaching, program advertisement, and research on how learners' imagined construct of the language classroom community may benefit the study of German.

Increasing Engagement in Kitten Fostering Programs: Lessons Learned From High Kitten Intake Zip Codes in Los Angeles County.

The goal of the current study was to identify ways to increase awareness and engagement in kitten fostering programs (KFPs) among residents of areas with a high intake of kittens to animal shelters in Southern California (i.e., Los Angeles County). Specifically, we aimed to understand residents': (1) awareness of KFPs and kitten overpopulation issues, (2) interest in fostering kittens with an animal welfare organization, (3) concerns about fostering, (4) perceived ability to meet common KFP requirements, and (5) perceptions of potential KFP marketing/messaging and communication methods. Participants included 283, predominantly Hispanic/Latinx adults aged 18 years or older who resided in Los Angeles County and who lived in one of 12 zip codes with a high rate of kitten shelter intake. Survey results indicated that more than one quarter of participants had engaged in fostering on their own without an animal shelter or rescue program. One-third of the total sample, and more than two-thirds of participants who had already fostered cats and kittens on their own, were open to fostering kittens in partnership with an animal shelter. A majority of individuals who were interested in fostering had not seen advertising for fostering programs; Spanish-language participants were significantly less likely than expected to have encountered program advertisements. The most prevalent concerns about fostering in our sample were centered on the time (79%), cost (78%), and space (77%) required to engage in fostering. Text, email, social media, and mail were among the most preferred methods for marketing and communication, with some variation between Spanish and English language respondents. Opportunities for increasing engagement included, but were not limited to, improving the promotion of program advertisements using animal-welfare and cost-focused messaging approaches and improving the dissemination and marketing of Spanish-language materials. Providing community members with realistic expectations of the time, resources, and support they will get from animal welfare organizations may improve engagement in KFPs, as well as identifying alternative resources and supports (e.g., transportation, in-home veterinary visits) to assist community members in serving animals in their community.

Affirmation of Jim Crow and Traces of Anti-Racist Dissent in Black YMCAs during the Great Depression

Black contexts such as segregated YMCAs are absent from the dominant narrative of leisure history. Although some research has been conducted on Black YMCAs, these studies often concluded that these sites were temporary havens from racism. However, segregation was also connected to fundamental assumptions about Black people (e.g., as inferior), beliefs which could not be warded off by the erection of separate buildings. The question therefore remains: how did the ideology of segregation enter into the everyday operation of Black YMCAs? The present study used archival methods to examine this question. Findings suggested that some Black YMCA leaders employed Jim Crow stereotypes through language used in internal documents, at conferences and in program advertisements. However, other YMCA leaders strategically adopted Jim Crow in order to enable access to White philanthropy. The discussion examines Jim Crow as a force which is both persistent and insidious within leisure settings.

Gym Membership Programs: Image Motivation and Conditional Discount Framing

This article reports the results of a study examining consumer responses to gym membership advertisements for individual and group workout programs, according to whether the ads use a gain frame for advertising a minimum participation requirement (“Visit ten times a month and get $50 off”) or a loss frame (“Pay $50 more if you fail to make ten visits a month”). Participants in a 2 (group versus individual exercise) × 2 (gain versus loss framing) × 2 (overachievement versus adequate achievement) experimental study indicate that overachieving (adequately achieving) group exercisers respond more positively to gain framing (loss framing) of minimum participation requirement, but individual exercisers do not show such effects. Public image is identified as the basis for the differences between group and lone exercisers. The findings have implications for marketers and policymakers who wish to use public image to encourage positive behaviors.

Increasing Referrals of Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer to a Cancer Rehabilitation Program: A Quality Improvement Initiative

People with cancer are at risk for initial, late, and long-term effects of cancer and its treatments. Cancer rehabilitation (CR) focuses on prevention/treatment of these sequelae and optimization of physical, social, and vocational functioning. Our center has a multidisciplinary impairment-driven outpatient CR program, but referrals of patients with GI cancer were low. We aimed (for 2019, relative to 2018) (1) to increase CR referrals of patients with GI cancer by 50% and (2) to increase the proportion of referrals coming from oncologists. Balancing measures included inappropriate referrals and cancellations. A rapid cycle improvement approach was used to optimize GI referrals to the CR program. Barriers to CR referral were identified through a literature review and informal interviews of GI clinicians. Barriers included (a) knowledge of CR program existence, (b) awareness of the referral process, (c) time, and (d) lack of CR program exposure. The team used Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles every 2 months from January to December 2019 to address barriers. A p-chart was used to analyze the results. PDSA cycles included CR program advertisement, a presentation to GI staff, nurse-led patient identification, patient-facing posters, and clinician thank-you emails. The p-chart showed a 100% relative increase in referral numbers and an improvement in the percentage of patients referred by oncologists from 51% to 75%. There was no significant change in inappropriate referrals or cancellations. Through PDSA cycles, we improved the total number of patients with GI cancer and percentage referred by an oncologist to a CR program. Future work will assess sustainability.

The Au Pair Cultural Exchange Program Advertising: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Advertising is everywhere, and the effects of advertisements on people are notorious. Consequently, through ads, you can convince the audience to follow an ideology or to acquire certain products. The following article examines the au pair cultural exchange program online advertisements from a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. The article sets out to explore the linguistic features used in the au pair program advertisements that persuade participants to become au pairs and hosts. The analysis was achieved through a three-dimensional framework (Fairclough, 1994; 2001; 2003). This model demonstrates the correlation between linguistic forms, discourse, and social practices. The findings imply that advertisers use different linguistic forms and strategies to persuade Mexican girls from the age of 18 to 26 years old to enroll in the cultural program, as well as US citizens’ families who are persuaded to host someone.

Communication Cues and Engagement Behavior: Identifying Advertisement Strategies to Attract Middle-Aged Adults to a Study of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program.

IntroductionLow- and middle-income, middle-aged adults have high rates of disease and death from chronic disease, yet their participation in self-management programs is low. This may be because advertisements for such programs often target elderly, predominantly white, affluent adults. Our study used data from a parent randomized controlled trial to identify theoretically driven advertisement cues to engage low- and middle-income, middle-aged adults in the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP).MethodsA framework that combined the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Protection Motivation Theory was used to guide χ2 and regression analyses to assess relationships between advertisement cue preferences and 5 stages of cognitive engagement (cue processing, cognitive appraisal of the advertised study, motivation to enroll) and behavioral engagement of study participants (enrollment and program participation).ResultsOne advertisement cue (taking control of one’s future) and 1 cue combination (financial security and taking control of one’s future) were significantly associated with study enrollment, as were motivation to enroll and cue processing.ConclusionThese results can inform CDSMP recruitment efforts to better engage low- and middle-income, middle-aged adults in an effort to mitigate the disproportionate burden of chronic disease in this population.

Losing Weight with Charles and Dan: Examining Potential Liability for Endorser Claims in Weight Loss Advertisements

Abstract: The weight loss industry in America accounts for billions of dollars annually. Many products and programs are endorsed by sport celebrities and promote quick-fix (ineffective) remedies. As a result, these advertisements are often involved in investigations by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for false or misleading claims. Unfortunately, endorsers may not understand they can be held liable for these claims. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the statements made by athletes that may give rise to potential liability for false claims in weight loss management advertising. A content analysis of weight loss management program advertisements featuring athletes was conducted ( N = 42) to determine the presence of deceptive or potentially misleading statements using FTC guidelines. Results demonstrate multiple potential FTC violations regarding false or misleading claims by athletes. In turn, the authors provide recommendations for sport celebrity endorsers regarding best practices for weight loss program endorsements.

Using Facebook Ads as a Recruitment Strategy for Web Surveys on Drugs: Experience from the European Web Survey on Drugs

BACKGROUND: General population surveys present a useful tool for getting information on drug use prevalence, but they often fail to reach a sufficient number of users, which is required to get detailed information on use patterns or other characteristics. Web surveys, especially when they use social networking sites, might present a complementary mechanism for getting a better picture of drug use by reaching hard-to-reach populations. AIM: The main objective of this study was to examine Facebook advertisements as a recruitment strategy in the “European Web Survey on Drugs: patterns of use”, a project organized by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. METHODS: Recruitment campaigns invited adults aged 18+ years who had consumed at least one drug (cannabis, MDMA/ ecstasy, amphetamines, or cocaine) in the past 12 months to complete an online survey. The advertisements were created in Facebook’s Advertisement program and were used in Croatia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. RESULTS: Among the eligible participants recruited via Facebook (N=5256), 68.1% were from Croatia, 24.4% from Switzerland, and 7.5% from the Netherlands. The Croatian and Swiss participants were younger and more likely to be males compared to the Dutch participants. Chi-square tests showed that there were significant differences in the frequency of drug use between the samples from the different countries for almost all drugs. CONCLUSION: The Facebook recruitment strategy was successful in reaching young adults, as well as recreational drug users, although the costs, campaign duration, available budget, and content of the ad images differed among the countries.

Healthy food marketing and purchases of fruits and vegetables in large grocery stores.

Healthy food marketing in the retail environment can be an important driver of fruit and vegetable purchases. In Los Angeles County, the Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention (NEOP) program utilized this strategy to promote healthy eating among low-income families that shop at large retail chain stores. The present study assessed whether self-reported exposure to large retail NEOP interventions, including seeing at least one store visual, watching an in-store cooking demonstration, and/or seeing at least one program advertisement, were associated with increased fruit and vegetable purchases. During fall 2014, the Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention in the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health partnered with Samuels Center to conduct store patron intercept surveys at six large food retail stores participating in NEOP across Los Angeles County. Of 1050 participants who completed the survey, almost a quarter (25.0%) reported seeing at least one visual throughout the store and 9.2% watched a cooking demonstration. Seeing at least one visual and watching a cooking demonstration were not significantly associated with percent dollars spent on fruits and vegetables each week. Among participants who reported being exposed to at least one store visual, those enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) reported spending 6% more on fruits and vegetables than those who were not enrolled (p = 0.046). Although the NEOP store interventions did not individually increase store purchases, their educational value may still influence patron food selection, especially if coupled to the monetary resources of SNAP for those who are enrolled.

Kick-Starting Female Careers

Abstract. Entrepreneurship programs often aim at increasing women’s lower entrepreneurial activities. We investigate how advertisements for entrepreneurship programs can be designed to increase women’s application intentions. Results of an experiment with 156 women showed that women indicate (1) lower self-ascribed fit to and interest in the program after viewing a male-typed image (compared to a gender-neutral or female-typed image) in the advertisement; and (2) lower self-ascribed fit to and interest in the program as well as lower application intentions if the German masculine linguistic form of the term “entrepreneur” (compared to the gender-fair word pair “female and male entrepreneur”) is used in the recruitment advertisement. Women’s reactions are most negative when both a male-typed image and the masculine linguistic form appear in the advertisement. Self-ascribed fit and program interest mediate the relationship of advertisement characteristics on application intentions.

Analysis on the Operation Modes and Strategies of China's Product Placement

When audiences are increasingly bored with mandatory advertisements for television programs, branding is vitally important to the company. Therefore, a new type of advertising named product placement has emerged. Compared with traditional advertisements, such advertisements can reduce the audience's resistance to advertisements. However, in real life, consumers are not satisfied with such kind of advertising due to various reasons.

Raising Women’s Interest in Entrepreneurship - Effects of Images and Language in Advertisements

Entrepreneurship programs aim at heightening women’s entrepreneurial intentions (Wilson, Kickul, & Marlino, 2007), which are lower than men’s (Gupta, Turban, & Bhawe, 2008). This study investigates how images and language use in advertisements for such programs affect women’s reactions, namely their interest in the program, their self-ascribed fit, and their application intentions. We investigated how the gender typicality of images (typically masculine, neutral, typically feminine) as well as the linguistic form (masculine generic vs. feminine-masculine word pair for the German term of entrepreneur) used in advertisements influence women’s reactions. The results showed that women were less interested in the program and perceived themselves as less fitting after seeing an advertisement employing a typically masculine image compared to gender-neutral or typically feminine image). Moreover, the masculine linguistic form “entrepreneur” compared to the gender-fair word pair “female and male entrepreneurs” resulted in women’s lower interest in the program, self-ascribed fit, and application intentions. Women’s reactions towards the program were most negative when both a masculine image and a masculine form for entrepreneur were used in the advertisement. Implications for the encouragement of women to become entrepreneurs are discussed.

Benchmarking as an International Students' Recruiting Instrument

The aim of this article is to look into new instruments of enhancing Russian universities' competitiveness at the international educational services market, namely benchmarking of main educational programs of the leading international universities and using results for improving quality of educational programs of Russian universities taught in English with the aim of increasing foreign students recruiting numbers. The article includes aim-setting; short review of literature on the topic; description of the problem requiring the use of benchmarking; justification of reference international universities choice on the basis of target group educational migration (using the example of India); comparative analysis of educational programs structure and content; examples of practical application of the conducted research (educational program structure); conclusions and practical recommendations. Тру сonducted research allowed for identifying the best practices of leading international universities with the aim of pinpointing main characteristics for developing innovational policy and concrete innovations in teaching foreign students in order to enhance university competitiveness (using the example of Tomsk Polytechnic University) at the international educational services market. The authors have identified several difficulties of introducing benchmarking into educational system: necessary financial costs for research and updating teaching, methodic and staff support of the program; insufficient understanding of importance and efficacy of this method for international educational development demonstrated by the Russian universities. Practical recommendations deal with introducing changes into different aspects of developing and supporting teaching programs in English (updating teaching and methodic materials, program advertisement, upgrading qualification of lecturers). The conclusions define the perspectives of benchmarking international educational programs of the leading international universities with the aim of upgrading recognizability and attractiveness of Russian educational programs read in English at the international market, which is particularly important in recruiting international students. This article for the first time presents systematic data on educational migration of students from India (including geographical, university and program spread) which allows for choosing matching reference universities for benchmarking research. The article contains results of comparative analysis of educational programs of leading international universities which allows for making conclusions concerning main differences between these educational products and the Russian educational system products and formulate practical recommendations for altering programs in order to improve their recognizability, attractiveness and competitiveness at the international market.

Analysis and Implement of Broadcast Program Monitoring Data

With the rapid development of the radio and TV industry and the implementation of INT (the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet), the contents of programs and advertisements is showing massive, live and interactive trends. In order to meet the security of radio and television, the broadcast of information have to be controlled and administered. In order to master the latest information of public opinion trends through radio and television network, it is necessary research the specific industry applications of broadcast program monitoring. In this paper, the importance of broadcast monitoring in public opinion analysis is firstly analysed. The monitoring radio and television programs broadcast system architecture is proposed combining with the practice, focusing on the technical requirements and implementation process of program broadcast, advertisement broadcast and TV station broadcast monitoring. The more efficient information is generated through statistical analysis, which provides data analysis for radio and television public opinion analysis.