Extreme Sports Research Articles

Comparison of personality differences of Polish mountaineers.

A noticeably increased interest in mountain climbing, both as the form of extreme sport and a form of tourism, has been observed in Poland recently. The assumption of this study is that practicing different varieties of mountaineering influences the personality of Polish climbers in a different manner. The aim of the research was to compare the personality differences of Polish mountaineers. To this aim, the population of Polish high-performance mountaineers was studied (N = 81; including 39 women and 42 men). Due to the type of mountaineering practiced, the respondents were divided into Alpine climbers (n = 48) and Himalayan climbers (n = 33). The average age of the surveyed climbers is 33.85 years. The Big Five model was used including the NEO-FFI Personality Questionnaire and the analyzes were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics statistical method package, version 27.0. Statistically significant differences were noted only for agreeableness F(1.77) = 5.05, p = 0.027. The Alpine climbers showed a higher level of agreeableness than the Himalayan climbers. After taking into account the Sidak amendment, significant differences in the level of agreeableness were found only among women. Comparisons between other personality traits were not statistically significant. There is a significant difference between the personalities of Polish Alpine climbers and Polish Himalayan climbers in the dimension of agreeableness only among women: female Alpine mountaineers are more agreeable than Himalayan mountaineers. It was presumed that in terms of ethics in the high mountains, the social competences of Alpine mountaineers are much more developed than that of Himalayan mountaineers.

Slackline: Applicability and Benefits for School Physical Education

Slackline is an adventure sport whose goal is to balance on a nylon ribbon and which, in recent years, has been gaining more and more fans around the world. This article discusses the benefits and applicability of this innovative sport as a content of school physical education, justifying the physical and social benefits obtained from this sport for the training of students and that adventure sports should be worked on in the curriculum of schools, as they are also part of the body culture of movement. The field work consisted of a questionnaire with 10 questions and had the participation of 15 teachers from different schools (public and private) in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro who have worked or work with slackline in their classes. Through research, it was found that Slackline, despite being a new modality and there are few studies on the sport, its practicality and benefits for physical education classes for children and adolescents are proven and, therefore, should be part of the school curriculum.

Olympic Games and Adventure Sports: The Inclusion of Surfing in the Tokyo 2020 edition

As a result of the International Olympic Committee’s desire to rejuvenate its fan base and spark the interest of a new generation of spectators, the world witnessed the inclusion of action and adventure sports in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic games. These sports included sport climbing, skate street, skate park, BMX park and surfing. Focusing specifically on the sport of surfing, this study aims to explore the expectations around its debut in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic programme, nurtured by people relevant to the surfing universe, such as athletes, managers and journalists. This is a descriptive and exploratory study that uses bibliographic and documentary analysis as methodological procedures, along with a semi-structured interview script for qualitative exploratory research, focused on the inclusion of surfing in the Olympic programme. Through the analysis of interview data combined with the information obtained through literature review, we conclude that the inclusion of surfing in the Olympic programme presents possibilities that go beyond rejuvenating its audience; it also has the potential to reaffirm Olympic values.

Risk factors of lower extremity injuries in youth athletes

ObjectiveLower extremity sports injuries frequently occur during an individual’s growth period. The object of the current study was to analyse the risk factors for lower extremity sports injuries for youth...

Look to the stars-Is there anything that public health and rehabilitation can learn from elite sports?

At first glance, fine-tuned individualized prescriptions or exercise monitoring for elite athletes may appear disconnected from general public health or rehabilitation concerns/recommendations. However, beyond the obvious differences in absolute physiological characteristics or training loads, we argue that there are at least 22 topics where public health and rehabilitation can benefit from methods or innovations originated or developed in elite sports. In this opinion letter, we state that improved strategies leading to larger positive outcomes may be obtained in the following areas: A: Exercise prescription: 1. Submaximal cardiovascular assessment; 2. Individualization of exercise intensity; 3. Prescribed interval training based on VO2 kinetics; 4. Submaximal strength assessment; 5. Non-invasive assessment of diffusive and convective components of O2 transport; 6. Non-invasive assessment of muscle oxidative capacity; 7. Non-invasive assessment of muscle structural properties. B: Monitoring of fatigue and adaptations: 8. Multidisciplinary approach; 9. Specific exercise wearables; 10. Non-invasive cardiovascular monitoring; 11. Coping strategies from extreme sports. C: Optimizing exercise dose‒response to physical activity: 12. Integration of environmental conditions; 13. Concurrent endurance and strength training; 14. Weight-reduced load; 15. Vascular occlusion; 16. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation; 17. Transcranial direct current stimulation; 18. Specific responses in women; 19. Exercise training quantification; 20. Predictive models; 21. Technological innovations in mobility; 22. Ethical considerations. Many investigations have been undertaken in the expanding areas of the preventive or therapeutic benefits of exercise. The above-mentioned methods currently performed at the top performance level provide many underexplored but promising strategies that are worth further investigation. We discuss the main opportunities and obstacles to transferring knowledge, methods, and devices from sports, exercise science and medicine related to elite performance (e.g., exercise physiology, sports biomechanics, sports nutrition, sports psychology) to general or clinical populations.

Effects of Different Hamstring Eccentric Exercise Programs on Preventing Lower Extremity Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects and differences of various hamstring eccentric training protocols for the prevention of lower limb injuries, and we further propose a more refined hamstring eccentric training protocol for the prevention of lower limb injuries. A literature search for the effects of hamstring eccentric training on lower extremity sports injuries was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases, and the literature was searched covering the period from the date of the database's creation to 20 August 2022. A meta-analysis of the included literature was performed using R.4.21 for lower extremity injuries, injuries in various parts of the lower extremity, and subgroup analysis for exercise frequency, exercise cycle, and exercise population. A total of 23 randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were found to be included in the meta-analysis, and 15 of these trials, totaling 14,721 patients, were determined to be included in the overall lower extremity injury prevention effect. The analysis showed that the implementation of a hamstring eccentric training program reduced lower extremity injuries by 28%, and it resulted in a 46% decrease in hamstring injury rate and a 34% decrease in knee injury rate. The subgroup analysis revealed that the frequency of exercise was most significant in the twice-a-week exercise group, that the exercise program was most effective in preventing injuries in the 21-30-week exercise period, and that the program was most effective in preventing injuries in elite athletes and amateur adult athletic populations, compared with adolescents.

"I am feeling tension in my whole body": An experimental phenomenological study of empathy for pain.

Traditionally, empathy has been studied from two main perspectives: the theory-theory approach and the simulation theory approach. These theories claim that social emotions are fundamentally constituted by mind states in the brain. In contrast, classical phenomenology and recent research based on the enactive theories consider empathy as the basic process of contacting others' emotional experiences through direct bodily perception and sensation. This study aims to enrich the knowledge of the empathic experience of pain using an experimental phenomenological method. Implementing an experimental paradigm used in affective neuroscience, we exposed 28 healthy adults to a video of sportspersons suffering physical accidents while practicing extreme sports. Immediately after watching the video, each participant underwent a phenomenological interview to gather data on embodied, multi-layered dimensions (bodily sensations, emotions, and motivations) and temporal aspects of empathic experience. We also performed quantitative analyses of the phenomenological categories. Experiential access to the other person's painful experience involves four main themes. Bodily resonance: participants felt a multiplicity of bodily, affective, and kinesthetic sensations in coordination with the sportsperson's bodily actions. Attentional focus: some participants centered their attention more on their own personal discomfort and sensations of rejection, while others on the pain and suffering experienced by the sportspersons. Kinesthetic motivation: some participants experienced the feeling in their bodies to avoid or escape from watching the video, while others experienced the need to help the sportspersons avoid suffering any injury while practicing extreme sports. The temporality of experience: participants witnessed temporal fluctuations in their experiences, bringing intensity changes in their bodily resonance, attentional focus, and kinesthetic motivation. Finally, two experiential structures were found: one structure is self-centered empathic experience, characterized by bodily resonance, attentional focus centered on the participant's own experience of seeing the sportsperson suffering, and self-protective kinesthetic motivation; the other structure is other-centered empathic experience, characterized by bodily resonance, attentional focus centered on the sportsperson, and prosocial kinesthetic motivation to help them. We show how phenomenological data may contribute to comprehending empathy for pain in social neuroscience. In addition, we address the phenomenological aspect of the enactive approach to the three dimensions of an embodiment of human consciousness, especially the intersubjective dimension. Also, based on our results, we suggest an extension of the enactive theory of non-interactive social experience.

Više "lajkova" više penjanja - istraživanje namere penjača da koriste društvene medije za samopromovisanje

Building on Ajzen's (1991; 2013) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study aimed to investigate the predictors of social media use among climbers globally. It focused on factors such as attitude, subjective norm, and intention, examining their impact on climbers' self-promotion across various social media platforms. The research encompassed activities spanning from natural environments to competitive sports climbing, emphasizing the evolving role of social media in these contexts. Employing a correlational research design, the study explored how TPB variables influence climbers' engagement with social media for self-promotion within the climbing community. A sample of 142 climbers from 21 countries participated in an online survey, selected through purposeful and convenient sampling methods. All respondents confirmed their use of social media platforms for self-promotion, with Instagram emerging as the primary platform of choice. This research contributes to understanding the intersection of psychological factors and social media behavior among climbers, shedding light on how attitudes, social norms, and intentions shape online self presentation in adventure sports. By examining these dynamics, the study provides insights into what drives climbers' digital interactions and their implications for broader trends in sports communication and community engagement. Moreover, this study found that female climbers have a higher intention to use social media for self-promotion compared to male climbers.

Thinking with/in surfing: Podcasting as public pedagogy and scholarship in/for the global South

This article introduces The Deep Duck Dive —a podcast engaging with the oceanic turn in the global South by focusing on issues that matter within surfing as a lifestyle sport. As co-hosts of the podcast, we have approached podcasting as forms of public pedagogy and public scholarship. Our aim is to increase the accessibility of scholarship and research by creating an alternative space for conversations with those outside of the academy. The article charts how we conceptualised and realised this podcast project as thinking with/in surfing. Within this epistemological approach, we seek to contribute to the intellectual currents of hydrocolonialism, hydrofeminism and critical surf studies, and to open our soundwork as an alternative pedagogical practice within justice-to-come public scholarship. To illustrate our podcasting style, reflexive of our positionalities as scholars and surfers, we have provided the transcript of our pilot episode.

DiveNet: Dive Action Localization and Physical Pose Parameter Extraction for High Performance Training

The tremendous progress of deep convolution neural networks has shown promising results on the classification of various sports activities. However, the accurate localization of a particular sports event or activity in a continuous video stream is still a challenging problem. The accurate detection of sports actions enables the comparison of different performances, objectively. In this work, we propose the DiveNet action localization module to detect the springboard diving sports action in an unconstrained environment. We used Temporal Convolution Network (TCN) over a backbone feature extractor to localize diving actions, with low latency. We estimate the divers center of mass (COM) trajectory and the peak dive height using the temporal demarcations provided by the action localization step via the projectile motion formula. In addition, we train a DiveNet pose regression network, which extends the Unipose architecture with direct physical parameter estimation, i.e COM and 2D joint keypoints. We propose a new homography computation method between the diving motion plane and the image-view for each dive. This enables the representation of physical parameters in metric scale, without any calibration. We release the first publicly available diving sports video dataset, recorded at 60 Hz with a static camera setup for different springboard heights. DiveNet action localization achieves an accuracy of 95% with a single frame latency (< 25 ms). The DiveNet pose regression model shows competitive results around 70% PCK on different diving pose datasets. We achieve COM accuracy of 6 pixels, dive peak height sensitivity of 20 cm and mean joint angle errors around 10 degrees.

Effect of foot strike patterns and cutting angles on knee kinematics and kinetics during side-cutting maneuvers

Purpose Cutting maneuvers are important actions in multidirectional sports but associated with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different foot strike patterns and cutting angles on knee kinematics and kinetics. Methods Twenty healthy male team sports athletes performed cuts with maximum speed at three angles (45°, 90°, and 135°) with different foot strike patterns (rearfoot strike [RFS] and forefoot strike [FFS]). A three-dimensional motion capture system combined with a force plate was used to collect makers trajectory and ground reaction force (GRF). Vertical GRF, and knee joint angles and moments were compared among these cutting tasks. Results Regardless of foot strike patterns, increased knee flexion angle, knee valgus moment, and knee internal rotation moment were observed during cutting to sharper angles (p &lt; 0.001). At 90° and 135°, the FFS condition remained in a varus position and showed lower knee flexion moment than the RFS condition (p ≤ 0.004). However, no significant differences in knee kinematic and kinetic variables were found between foot strike patterns during cutting to 45°. Conclusions These findings suggest that sharper cutting angles potentially increase the risk of ACL injury. Compared with the RFS pattern, the FFS pattern induces a slight knee varus angle and a lower knee flexion moment at sharper angles, which might further reduce the load placed on the knee.

TREINAMENTO DE COORDENAçãO DA FORçA MUSCULAR DOS ATLETAS EM ESPORTES DE MONTANHISMO

ABSTRACT Introduction Rock climbing is a physical activity that requires excellent physical conditioning. In addition to improving physical fitness and motor coordination, rock climbing requires constant improvements in muscle coordination skill training to enhance its modern tactics. Objective Explore the muscular coordination skill training of rock climbers. Methods A random sample of 8 athletes were assigned to the experiment involving the measurement of athletes’ body composition, serum creatine kinase and blood urea levels, and other biomarkers collected before and after the trial. Results There was a significant negative correlation between dynamic balance and motor coordination ability after training in extreme rock climbing sports. On the second day after the rock climbing exercise, the volunteers’ body weight and fat content significantly reduced, and the concentration of creatine kinase (CK) and blood urea (BU) increased significantly. Conclusion The exploration of extreme sports’ effect on improving athletes’ muscle coordination ability showed that strength and coordination should be enhanced in rock climbing. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Parkour Fails and Hébertisme: Laughing at the New Man

“Parkour Fails” represent a genre of comedic YouTube videos consisting primarily of compilations of failed stunts by practitioners of the extreme sport of parkour. Parkour originated in the suburbs of Paris and involves creative reappropriation of urban furniture. In mass media, it is usually coded as a defiant challenge to urban norms and a symbol of multicultural France’s growing social mobility. However, it was inspired by Hébertisme, a training system embraced by eugenicists and the Vichy government as a way to cultivate the New Man, an idealized figure incarnating fascist values. While parkour athletes do not endorse fascism, many promote their practice with a rhetoric of decadence and decline, return to nature, and masculine power that echoes Vichy’s New Man ideology. This article explores the extent to which parkour fail videos humorously problematize that rhetoric.

A Kite-surfboard Design Targets Generating Electricity by Visitors

In the context of the world energy crisis, how to achieve sustainable energy tran-sition for everyone is a heated topic. According to research, kitesurfing is now a popular ex-treme sport, compared to traditional surfing, kitesurfing has a greater potential to generate electricity due to its greater speed. This paper takes the Isles of Scilly in the UK as a case study, based on the energy dilemma caused by the many visitors in the Isles of Scilly. Through various methodologies such as design research, user interviews and business mod-els, this paper explores a way to make use of the visitors in Isles of Scilly, by combining the fun activity of kitesurfing with electricity generation, so that visitors can help with the local renewable energy transition. This paper concludes with the design of a surfboard that gen-erates electricity from the hydro-turbines of kitesurfing and envisages a future business model and new energy development approach for the community.

Reattachment of Fractured Tooth Fragment by Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach.

Dental anterior fractures are common injuries, especially in those who practice extreme sports. This report describes a 25-year-old Bolivian patient who attended our private dental clinic in La Paz, Bolivia after experiencing an accident during downhill mountain biking. An intraoral examination revealed a fracture line on the buccal side in the middle third of the coronal portion of the right central maxillary incisor which extended towards the proximal and lingual sides. Multidisciplinary treatment, including crown lengthening, osteotomy, root canal treatment, fiberglass post insertion, and reattachment of the fracture segment was performed. A follow-up examination at 10 months later revealed that the tooth was completely reestablished both functionally and esthetically and that there was no periapical pathosis or discomfort. This outcome suggests that if a patient seeks a dental consultation soon after a complex crown-root fracture has occurred, and if the broken tooth segment is available, then reattachment offers an economical and simple treatment option which will allow immediate restoration of functionality and esthetic standards. Continued follow-up should form part of such a treatment plan to allow long-term pulp vitality and periodontal health status to be monitored.

Retracted: Human Sports Action and Ideological and PoliticalEvaluation by Lightweight Deep Learning Model.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/5794914.].

Retracted: Sports Action Recognition Based on Deep Learning and Clustering Extraction Algorithm.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4887470.].

Retracted: Sports Action Recognition Based on GB-BP Neural Network and Big Data Analysis.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/1678123.].

VARIASI LATIHAN SHADOW MENINGKATKAN PUKULAN FOREHAND

The purpose of this research is to improve basic forehand drive technique skills. The research method used is sports action research method. The research procedures used are planning, implementation, observation, reflection. The subjects of this study were 31 semester 5 physical education students at PGRI Palembang University. This study applies the resulting method, namely in the form of variations with shadow exercises, the basic technical skills of forehand drive strokes in the game of tennis are increased. The results of the achievement score reached 82.65% where the result is the average score of students where students are the subjects of this study.In a good position, the shadow movement determines how a player anticipates the direction of a fast punch from the opponent, the shadow movement also looks at the opponent's direction so that the forehand returns according to the opponent's difficult places.

Assimilating Cycle Park as a Part of Urban Living

Cycling has a century-old history. Originated as the cheapest and most practical mode of transportation, the evolution and modernity of cycles have led to cycling becoming a popular adventure sport. While the first cycling race was held in 1868, this sport has evolved to various dimensions as a result of innovation and growing interest in sports. This study documents the evolution of cycling from being a mode of transport to recreation to adventure sport, as practised in recent times, as a part of urban living. With the help of a relevant literature review, this study proposes an architectural design of a cycle park in Bengaluru, with the aim to encourage its citizens to make it a part of their urban living. Bengaluru has observed a growing craze of cycling as a sport, over the past decade. Statistical data from cycle dealers and manufacturers reveals these growing trends. In support of the decision from the Forest Department of Bengaluru to allow cycling in Turrahalli forest, this paper proposes a cycle park adjacent to the Peripheral Ring Road amidst Turrahalli forest. The design aims to serve amateurs, professionals, and cyclists of all ages, giving them a safe and natural environment. With the implementation of such a proposal, the authors hope to encourage cyclists and city dwellers to take up cycling on regular basis, in response to the deteriorating global health.