Advanced Protection Systems Research Articles

Recycling of Titanium Machined Chips as an Energy Absorption Material

Machined titanium chips are normally recycled as non-ferrous scrap metal, however, one approach is to recycle titanium chips to construct as lightweight sandwich panel with high energy absorption capabilities. The development of advanced ballistic protection systems that are lightweight while still providing superior energy absorption capacities is a challenge. This study reports the ballistic impact performance of sandwich panel made of Kevlar woven fabric and recycled materials, namely, titanium chips. Titanium is a lightweight material compared with steel however possesses much stronger energy absorption. Sandwich panels were constructed using titanium chips, together with layers of Kevlar woven fabric and a polymeric material. The enhancement of Kevlar woven fabric with titanium chips further strengthens sandwich panel especially in ballistic impact performance. Ballistic impact tests using a nitrogen powered gas gun firing projectiles with impact velocities range from 300 - 350 ms-1 was carried out. Bonding of the titanium chips with a polymeric material is crucial for the overall ballistic performance. This study proved that reduction in layers of Kevlar fabric is possible by substitution of lightweight material such as titanium chips as energy absorption materials.

Transport modelling and monitoring research use for efficiency assessment of vertical barrier surrounding old sanitary landfill

Transport modelling and monitoring research use for efficiency assessment of vertical barrier surrounding old sanitary landfill The paper describes the results of numerical modelling of pollution transport and groundwater quality monitoring for the old sanitary landfill where advanced protection system have been introduced. The protection system consists of the vertical bentonite barrier and peripheral leachate drainage. The GMS/FEMWATER numerical program has been used for groundwater flow and transport simulation. The local monitoring program includes chemical analyses of leachates, surface and groundwater as well as groundwater level observations. The modelling and monitoring results were aimed at the assessment of the vertical barrier effectiveness of groundwater protection in landfill surroundings. These analyses were performed for Radiowo landfill located nearby Warsaw. This object has been existing since 1962, and the permission for its exploitation was extended to the end of the year 2009. Remedial works of the landfill has been conducted since 1998 and they includes: the vertical bentonite barrier, the leachates drainage system, the leachate re-circulation system, the mineral cover, the degassing system as well as the regulation of water relations in surroundings. The influence of remedial works on the groundwater quality on landfill surroundings has also been analysed in the paper.

APROSYS: Advances in secondary safety research

Secondary, or passive, safety includes the most important strategies to reduce the traffic trauma problem. This field concerns the protection of road users when an accident takes place. The current European R&D needs in this field are partially dealt with in a large European co-operative R&D project Advanced Protection Systems (APROSYS) supported by the European Commission under contract number TIP3-CT-2004-506503. The general objective of APROSYS is the development and introduction of critical technologies that improve passive safety for all European road users in the relevant accident types and for the important severities. An important aspect in APROSYS is the integrated approach with primary, or active, safety, the so-called area of integrated safety. In this introduction paper of this special International Journal of Crashworthiness issue, an overview of the project is presented emphasising its ten main achievements.

Vulnerable Road User Safety

Aprosys (Advanced Protection Systems) is a European Commission 6th Framework Integrated Project that started in April 2004, including a sub-project concerned with the safety of Vulnerable Road Users (VRU). The aim of the pedestrian and cyclist project, lead by Cranfield Impact Centre (CIC), is to pave the way for the introduction of advanced protection systems for the reduction of the number and severity of injuries to pedestrians and cyclists, in particular for children and elderly.

Integrated Protection System Design for Shipboard Power System

This paper presents an advanced protection system design for the main power system of an all-electric ship. Considering the unique characteristics of shipboard power systems, current differential scheme has been chosen as the most reliable primary protection scheme. A graph-theory-based algorithm automatically assigns input currents to their proper differential protection zone. Based on these assignments, the protection scheme trips the minimal number of breakers to isolate a fault. This connection between the graph-theory algorithm and breaker assignments enables the protection system to be adaptive with different configurations. As an extension to these fast fault detection and isolation functions, the fast reconfiguration algorithm is developed to maintain the power balance of the remainder power system after a severe fault with the aim of reducing the impact of fault to the minimum.

Science and Prospects of Using Nanoporous Materials for Energy Absorption

AbstractWith its ultra-large specific surface area, a nanoporous material is an ideal, yet relatively unexplored, platform for accepting or actuating liquids, with potential performance gains for energy dissipation and output typical of disruptive technologies. Our experimental and theoretical results indicate either dramatically improved performance or unique combinations of properties and capabilities not attainable in conventional materials, which make the novel nanoporous structures studied herein very attractive as advanced protective intelligent systems.

Multisensor Integration Methods in the Development of a Fault-Tolerant Train Navigation System

Onboard train positioning (navigation) plays a vital and safety critical role in advanced Automatic Train Control (ATC) and Automatic Train Protection (ATP) systems. Such onboard systems are also essential for moving block signalling and control systems for railways. The application of multi-sensor fusion algorithms to the vehicle navigation field has made it possible to create inexpensive and accurate positioning systems, which will satisfy the railways' requirements. The state estimation methods involved in Kalman filtering have proved to be some of the most effective techniques in multi-sensor data fusion. A multi-sensor navigation system is introduced in this paper to address the shortcomings of the existing train positioning systems. The proposed system utilizes the Global Positioning System (GPS), Doppler radar, gyroscopes, tachometers, digital maps and balises. In order to provide fault detection and isolation capabilities, a hierarchical structure is proposed for the multi-sensor integration system in which different combinations of navigation systems would function. Several data integration nodes, including DR/GPS, DR/Balise, and DR/GPS/Balise, are studied in more detail and their performances are evaluated.

Coiled for protection

In this article, the authors describe an advanced protection system that incorporates Rogowski coil current sensors and multifunction relays that provide primary and backup power system protection.

PCB Rogowski coils benefit relay protection

Innovative Rogowski coils enable the design of advanced protection systems when used with new multifunction relays and fiberoptic communication. The protection systems have faster response times to faults and can easily adjust to load and/or power system configuration changes. Since the new Rogowski coils are very accurate and do not saturate, protection levels can be set to lower fault current thresholds, reducing the stress on the protected equipment. The whole system is immune to external magnetic fields and has self-testing logic. No wiring is necessary.

他励式直流多端子送電系統の制御保護方式の開発とシミュレータ試験

他励式直流多端子送電系統の制御保護方式の開発とシミュレータ試験

Research in a high-fidelity acceleration environment

A description is given of the lightweight cockpit installed in the human centrifuge at the Naval Air Development Center as an approach to creating an acceleration environment similar to tactical aircraft. Its purpose is to provide a testing environment for advanced acceleration protection systems. The centrifuge is capable of very high onset/high sustained accelerations. A pilot in the human centrifuge flies an aircraft simulation to maintain a target aircraft inside the gun pipper of a head-up display. The pilot is in complete control of the centrifuge through the simulation, and, if the target tracking is accomplished successfully, the centrifuge will produce an acceleration profile that matches the target aircraft. The display system is a high-resolution wide-field-of-view computer graphics system that is used to present a real-world gaming area, an aerial target aircraft, and a high-fidelity head-up display. The cockpit is also outfitted with a medium-fidelity head-down display used to aid the subject in locating the target, provide an interactive terminal for G-induced-loss-of-consciousness recovery, and function as a NAVAID device. >

Advanced protective systems from Jotun

The Jotun group is unusual among international protective‐systems manufacturers, in the comprehensiveness of its activities. In addition to manufacturing a full range of coatings, the group is involved across the whole spectrum of associated anti‐corrosion techniques.