Advanced Oxide Research Articles

Erectile dysfunction and statins: The assorted view of preponderance

Objective: To explore the association between statin therapy and the risk of erectile dysfunction by literature review.Methods: We conducted diversities of search strategies including electronic database searches of MEDLINE, Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science using MeSH terms, keywords and title words during the search. Reference lists of identified and public articles were reviewed. In addition, only English articles were considered and case reports were not concerned in the review. The key features of recognized applicable search studies were considered and the conclusions were summarized in a narrative review.Results: Different studies gave a consensus that erectile dysfunction was regarded as an early sign of silent cardiovascular disorder and hidden atherosclerosis. Different studies reported that statins might induce erectile dysfunction through induction of peripheral neuropathy, cognitive deficits, and reduction of circulating testosterone. However, most of recent studies illustrated that statins led to a significant improvement in erectile function and sexual health in men with age over forty years. Atorvastatin advanced endothelial nitric oxide concentrations through activation and upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and rescued phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors non-responders since nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased penile blood flow and improved erectile function.Conclusions: According to the assorted view of preponderance, statins improved erectile dysfunction is more dominant than statins induced erectile dysfunction. Therefore, statins regardless of its property improve erectile dysfunction through amelioration of penile endothelial dysfunction, and penile neuronal reflexes that are inter-related during sexual excitation and penile erection.

Research on Efficient Fast Scintillators: Evidence and X‐Ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy Characterization of Ce4+ in Ce3+, Mg2+‐Co‐Doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 Garnet Crystal

Herein, the most advanced oxide scintillator Ce3+, Mg2+‐co‐doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (GAGG) garnet host, grown using the Czochralski method is reported. The charge transfer absorption band in UV, such as in other Ce3+, Mg2+‐co‐doped oxides, reveals the creation of stable Ce4+ oxidation state, in addition to the usual Ce3+ one, admitted as responsible of the scintillation mechanism improvement displayed by this garnet. Strangely, the confirmation of quantitative values of Ce4+ concentration has never been done, and the goal is mainly focused on the presence of Ce4+ and the evaluation of the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio measured by X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectroscopy at the Ce LIII threshold of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). This result is compared with those obtained for Ce3+, Mg2+‐co‐doped Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) and, also, in garnets without any Mg2+ ions such as Ce3+‐doped GAGG, Ce3+‐doped LuAG, and Ce3+‐doped YAG. The role of Li+ ion in place of Mg2+ one is also considered in Ce3+, Li+‐co‐doped LuAG single crystal.

A BIMOS-based 2T1C analogue spiking neuron circuit integrated in 28 nm FD-SOI technology for neuromorphic application

Neuromorphic computing is an emerging field of investigation for new algorithm solutions and daily life applications. We propose a novel approach to achieve an operator which uses a parasitic bipolar metal oxide semiconductor filed effect transistor combined with a capacitor and a n-type metal oxide semiconductor filed effect transistor. The resulting BIMOS-based leaky-integrate-and-fire spiking neuron circuit is integrated on thin silicon film in 28 nm high-k/metal-gate advanced complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The proof of concept is brought by 3-dimensional technology computer-aided design numerical simulations, and then validated by electrical characterization of the two-transistors-one-capacitor demonstrator. The underlying physical phenomena involved in the spiking mechanism are identified, explained and modelled. Low power consumption is obtained. In addition, the spiking neuron device benefits from intrinsic electro-static discharge robustness.

Microstructure development in cryogenically rolled oxide dispersion strengthened copper

Recently, advanced oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) copper alloys have been developed using mechanical alloying process as a fusion material. In this study, to develop a superior ODS copper alloy containing 0.5wt% Y2O3, the effect of cryogenic rolling on microstructure development and tensile properties was studied using high resolution EBSD, TEM and tensile tests. During cryogenic deformation of ODS copper, grain structure remains in submicron size scale as a combinatorial result of geometrically effects, nanotwin bundle deformation, interaction of dislocations with fine oxide particles and some diffusional processes including static recovery and recrystallization. Clear microstructural characterizations confirmed nucleation of fine new oriented recrystallized grains mainly on the HABs of 80%cryogenic rolled ODS copper. Quantitative analyses indicated grain boundary migration at room temperature following cryogenic deformation originated from high driving force induced by grain boundary bulging and high mobility induced by vacancies. The tensile properties of cryogenic deformed samples showed superior tensile strength than room temperature deformation leading to UTS: 624 MPa, elt: 5.5%, while saturation of strength between 60%-80% reduction, approved occurrence of softening by diffusional processes.

Nanoscale analysis of ion irradiated ODS 14YWT ferritic alloy

In this work, the nanoscale microstructure of an advanced oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) 14YWT ferritic alloy (SM13 heat) with nominal composition Fe–14Cr–3W-0.4Ti-0.3Y2O3 (wt. %) has been characterized by atom probe tomography (APT) before and after ion irradiation with 70 MeV Fe9+ ions at 450 °C to a total dose of 21 dpa. A detailed solute cluster analysis of APT data reveals that, in the manufacturing process, larger nanoparticles form in or close to the grain boundaries respective to those inside grains. The evolution of the nanoparticles after irradiation seems to be related to their location, as a higher increase in the number density and in the Y:Ti ratio is observed for the nanoparticles in or close to grain boundaries. APT analysis also shows Cr, W and C segregation to grain boundaries enhanced by the irradiation. A previous study of this same alloy before and after irradiation reports that the mechanical properties do not seem to be affected, but the microstructure was not investigated to confirm. The present work confirms little microstructural evolution after irradiation in this 14YWT alloy, indicating tolerance at the given irradiation conditions.

Laser-Assisted Doping and Architecture Engineering of Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles for Highly Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The design and synthesis of cost-effective and highperformance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for water splitting based on earth-abundant elements is urgent but challenging. A synergistic doping and architecture engineering strategy by nanosecond laser ablation is used to generate a unique kind of highly disordered Ni-doped Fe3 O4 nanoparticle clusters. Ni dopant and increased oxygen vacancies are simultaneously incorporated into Fe3 O4 frameworks and thereby modulate the electronic configuration for an optimal binding affinity towards OER intermediates. Nanoparticles with average size of around 5 nm assemble randomly during laser ablation and construct a fluffy and porous architecture, which not only optimizes the number of exposed active sites but also accelerates mass transfer. Consequently, Ni-doped Fe3 O4 clusters are revealed as a superior OER catalyst with a small overpotential of 272 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a small Tafel slope of 39.4 mV dec-1 , surpassing almost all spinel Fe-based OER catalysts. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate advanced cation-doped metal oxide nanostructures for related energy applications.

Tuning La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ perovskite cathode as functional electrolytes for advanced low-temperature SOFCs

Abstract The ionic electrolyte and compatible cathode are major challenges to develop advanced low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) has considered as desired SOFC cathodes due to its unique advantages including high mixed electronic and ionic conductivity and excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. Our present work demonstrates the first application of LSCF tuned as functional electrolyte through composing with sodium carbonate. The mixed ionic and electronic conductor (MIEC)/carbonate LSCF/Na2CO3 nanocomposites can make use of the intrinsic high ionic conductivity of LSCF, and extend the three phase electrocatalytic reaction region into the electrolyte region along with suppress its electronic contribution, ultimately tuned as functional electrolyte material. Through optimizing Na2CO3 content, the novel LSCF/Na2CO3 nanocomposite gives rise to an superior fuel cell performance of 700 mW/cm2 at 550 °C. This work has demonstrated a new approach to develop electrolyte materials tuned from MIEC for advanced LT-SOFCs for next-generation.

Shaping triple-conducting semiconductor BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-\u03b4 into an electrolyte for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Interest in low-temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells is growing. Recent advances in perovskite phases have resulted in an efficient H+/O2-/e- triple-conducting electrode BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ for low-temperature fuel cells. Here, we further develop BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ for electrolyte applications by taking advantage of its high ionic conduction while suppressing its electronic conduction through constructing a BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ-ZnO p-n heterostructure. With this approach, it has been demonstrated that BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ can be applied in a fuel cell with good electrolyte functionality, achieving attractive ionic conductivity and cell performance. Further investigation confirms the hybrid H+/O2- conducting capability of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ-ZnO. An energy band alignment mechanism based on a p-n heterojunction is proposed to explain the suppression of electronic conductivity and promotion of ionic conductivity in the heterostructure. Our findings demonstrate that BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ is not only a good electrode but also a highly promising electrolyte. The approach reveals insight for developing advanced low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes.

International network to explore novel superconductivity at advanced oxide superconductor/magnet interfaces and in nanodevices, EPSRC

International network to explore novel superconductivity at advanced oxide superconductor/magnet interfaces and in nanodevices, EPSRC

PWR advanced fuel high burnup-dependent xenon oscillation controllability assessment

The controllability of xenon oscillations in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel assembly was evaluated using the MCNP and ORIGEN-2 codes. Burnup-dependent symmetrical cosine depleted nuclide profiles were generated for advanced high burnup uranium oxide (UO2) and mixed oxide (MOX) fuels. A Monte Carlo burnup coupling BASH script (MCOS) was used to calculate burnup-dependent neutron Fission Tally and 135Xe axial relative oscillation profiles. Burnup-dependent xenon oscillation controllability was then assessed for the advanced high-burnup UO2 and MOX fuels using MCOS-calculated xenon reactivity worth swing bands (ΔK) with respect to the mean. The advanced fuels xenon oscillation bands ΔK are bounded by the typical PWR uranium oxide fuel with 235U enrichment of 3.0 wt%. It has demonstrated that the typical PWR full/partial length control rod banks system’s reactivity can adequately control the high burnup advanced fuels xenon oscillation in full power operation.

Comparative Effects of Blood and Crystalloid Cardioplegia on Cellular Injury and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Surgery

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cardioplegic solutions on endothelial integrity and oxidative stress in cardiovascular surgery.Methods: In this randomized prospective study, after ethics approval and informed consent, 60 surgical patients were included. Patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were randomized into two groups as warm blood cardioplegia (n = 30) and cold crystalloid cardioplegia (n = 30) following the cross-clamping. Measurements were performed at three time points: before induction of anesthesia (T1), at admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (T2) and at the 24th postoperative hour (T3). Besides biochemical routine hemodynamic monitoring, patients were assessed for the sialic acid (SA), ischemic-modified albumin (IMA), advanced oxide protein products (AOPPs), total thiol (SH), and free hemoglobin (fHb) level.Results: Neither crystalloid nor blood cardioplegia led to significant changes in the AOPPs, T-SH, and SA level (p >0.05). Crystalloid cardioplegia, however, increased IMA level compared to both baseline (p <0.01) and blood cardioplegia group (p <0.05). fHb levels were transiently increased in both groups at the second-time point (p <0.001). fHb level was lower in the crystalloid group compared to that in the other group (p <0.05) at T2.Conclusion: Cardioplegia type creates similar effects on glycocalyx integrity. However, myocardial protection could be provided with warm blood cardioplegia.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis.

Membrane–electrode assemblies (MEAs) designed for a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolyser based on a short-side chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane, Aquivion®, and an advanced Ir-Ru oxide anode electro-catalyst, with various cathode and anode noble metal loadings, were investigated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in combination with performance and durability tests, provided useful information to identify rate-determining steps and to quantify the impact of the different phenomena on the electrolysis efficiency and stability characteristics as a function of the MEA properties. This technique appears to be a useful diagnostic tool to individuate different phenomena and to quantify their effect on the performance and degradation of PEM electrolysis cells.

Advanced Oxide Materials − Growth, Application, Characterization

In the present issue of Physica Status Solidi A readers will find a set of papers submitted by the participants of the 2017 E-MRS Fall Meeting Symposium N: Advanced Oxide Materials − Growth, Application, Characterization. The 2017 E-MRS Fall Meeting was held in Warsaw, September 18th – 21st. The Symposium N covered current topics of multiple functional and multifunctional oxides and comprised new trends in experimental as well as theoretical research. It was devoted to bulk and surface properties, films, nanocrystals, electronic, optical and magnetic properties with special attention paid to structure − property relationships. The presented papers demonstrate that physicochemical properties of oxides can be tuned by multitude of parameters, such as composition, temperature, pressure, strain, external fields, defects, film orientation and nanoparticle size. Detailed structure-property analysis and understanding of the physicochemical properties of the oxides are prerequisites to improve materials properties, and to spur development of new oxide materials. The Symposium N drew great attention − it was the second largest symposium among the 23 E-MRS Fall 2017 symposia. 178 abstracts were received from 36 countries with attendances from Poland (26), France (16), Germany (15), Korea (14) and Japan (11) (see Figure 1). A total number of 165 presentations were given, 20 as invited lectures, 45 as orals and over 100 as poster presentations. Among these, 13 oral and 26 poster presentations were given by students. Most of them were at an extraordinary high scientific level, so the competition for the best student oral and the best student poster presentation was a challenging task. Finally, Johanna Jochum from KU Leuven, Belgium received the best student oral Symposium N award for her excellent talk on Improved magnetoelectric coupling strength in BaTiO3-BiFeO3 superlatices. The Symposium N Scientific Committee decided to highlight two more excellent talks: Maximilian Schaube from MPI for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany (Influencing the Oxygen Surface Exchange Reaction on Ceria by Dopants) and Esteban Rucavado from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland (Unraveling and tuning defects in indium-free transparent conductive oxides). The best student poster Symposium N award was given to Chethana Gadiyar from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, for her poster Nanocrystal seeded growth for nanostructured multinary metal oxides as photoanodes for the water splitting reaction. Symposium N organizers also decided to highlight another excellent poster p-type Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Mg-doped CuCrO2 Nanofiber presented by Ismail Cihan Kaya from Ismail University in Turkey. The scope of the symposium was very broad and, accordingly, the proceeding papers represent varying subjects ranging from synthesis (electrospinning, atomic layer deposition, magnetron sputtering, electrodeposition) to different applications (ZnO-based thin-film transistors, high-k dielectric charge-trapping memories, RE doped high-temperature superconductors, ZnO:Al nanosensors and nanodetectors, ZnO:RE light emitters). The high attendance at the Symposium N reflects a growing interest in advanced oxides, which are becoming increasingly important materials in new generation of advanced solid state devices. Consequently, it is worth considering organizing related symposia in the forthcoming E-MRS meetings. Elżbieta Guziewicz, Albena Paskaleva, Mato Knez, and Lars Österlund

(Invited) Fabrication Technique for Low-Temperature Aqueous Solution-Processed Oxide Thin-Film Transistors

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) prepared using oxide semiconductors have attracted considerable attention for use in driving devices owing to their excellent electrical properties (1). Alternative facile fabrication methods based on solution processing are recognized as advanced oxide TFT fabrication methods (2, 3). Solution-process fabrication is promising technology owing to advantages such as lower processing costs, easier large-area fabrication, and higher throughput compared to conventional vacuum processing. However, it has several limitations that must be mitigated so that the method can be used in practical applications. One such limitation is the processing temperature for the fabrication of solution-processed oxide TFTs. In general, solution-processed oxide TFTs need relatively high-temperature annealing for metal–oxide–metal bond formation and decomposition of the solvents and ligands of metal salts. High-temperature annealing over 400 °C cannot incorporate onto the flexible substrate. Another limitation is that the fabrication process is complex. Although solution processing can be performed using basic equipment such as a coater and annealing equipment, it requires a complicated photolithography process for device integration. A simple fabrication process based on direct patterning procedures is useful for maximizing the advantages of solution processing. In this presentation, we introduce our recent studies on techniques for fabricating low-temperature aqueous solution-processed oxide TFTs, as well as simpler fabrication based on the direct patterning process. We demonstrate the improvement in the characteristics of low-temperature oxide TFTs by applying the hydrogen injection and oxidation (HIO) process (4). From the technical standpoint, decomposing residual species efficiently is of primary importance. We initiated the reduction reaction by hydrogen injection for decomposing the residual spices. The characteristics of the resulting In-Ga-Zn oxide (IGZO)-based TFTs were evaluated by applying the HIO method at low temperatures. The fabrication of IGZO TFTs on film substrate were also demonstrated. For process simplification, we report a direct photoreactive patterning method for fabricating solution-processed IGZO TFTs using a simple aqueous IGZO precursor without any the need for organic-based additives. This is accomplished by photo-oxidation of water molecules based on free radical reactions induced by short-wavelength UV light. In addition, a soft etching step using a dilute organic acid is employed. By combining these processes, a photoreactive patterning system capable of generating uniform island shapes for fabricating solution-processed IGZO TFTs is demonstrated. We demonstrate the advantages of the TFTs fabricated using the direct patterning process by comparing their performance with that of the TFTs fabricated using the conventional photolithography process. K. Nomura, H. Ohta, A. Takagi, T. Kamiya, M. Hirano, and H. Hosono, Nature, 432, 488 (2004). E. Fortunato, P. Barquinha, and R. Martins, Adv Mater, 24, 2945 (2012). S. J. Kim, S. Yoon, and H. J. Kim, Japn J Appl Phys, 53 (2014). M. Miyakawa, M. Nakata, H. Tsuji, Y. Fujisaki, and T. Yamamoto, AIP Advances, 6 (2016).

Electrical properties of nanocube CeO2 in advanced solid oxide fuel cells

Search for electrolyte materials with a high ionic conductivity at low temperatures has always been a key challenge for the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In present work, we found un-doped CeO2 nanocubes used as an electrolyte for advanced fuel cell showed remarkable performances. The CeO2 nanocubes were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal approach. The synthesized CeO2 nanocubes were used as an electrolyte sandwiched between two layers of semiconducting Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05LiO2-δ to fabricate the fuel cell. Such device has achieved an excellent maximum power density of 406 mW cm−2 at 600 °C. These results demonstrate CeO2/CeO2-δ heterogeneous interfaces could provide a high ionic conductive path conductor for the electrolyte in SOFCs, which widen the selecting range of the electrolyte candidates for advanced SOFCs.

A review of thermoelectric ZnO nanostructured ceramics for energy recovery

The thermoelectric devices have the ability to convert heat energy into electrical energy without required moving components, having good reliability however their performance depends on material selections. The advances in the development of thermoelectric materials have highlighted to increase the technology’s energy efficiency and waste heat recovery potential at elevated temperatures. The fabrication of these thermoelectric materials depends on the type of these materials and the properties using to evaluate these kind of materials such as thermopower (Seebeck effect), electrical and thermal conductivities. Ceramic thermoelectric materials have attracted increased attention as an alternative approach to traditional thermoelectric materials. From these important thermoelectric ceramic materials that can be a candidate for n-type is ZnO doping, which have excellent thermal and chemical stability, as they are promising for high temperature power generator. This review is an effort to study the thermoelectric properties and elements doping related with zinc oxide nano-ceramic materials. Effective ZnO dopants and doping strategies to achieve high electrical and thermal conductivities and high carrier concentration are highlighted in this review to enable the advanced zinc oxide applications in thermoelectric power generation.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of mechanically alloyed ODS copper alloy for fusion material application

Advanced oxide dispersion strengthened copper alloys are promising structural materials for application in divertor system of future fusion reactors due to high irradiation resistance, high thermal conductivity, and good mechanical properties. In this study, a new ODS copper including 0.42wt%Y2O3 nanosized oxide particles was developed successfully by mechanical alloying method using addition of 1 wt% Stearic acid in Ar atmosphere. Mechanical alloying resulted in decrease of crystallite size to 28 nm in concurrent with increment of dislocation density and hardness to the saturated level of 1.7×1015m−2 and 226HV0.1 after 48 h milling, respectively. Consolidated ODS copper by SPS and then hot roll-annealing at 900 °C/60 min showed an average grain size of 1.1 µm with a near random texture. Furthermore, TEM observations demonstrated fine semicoherent Y2O3 oxide particles distributed with a misfit parameter (δ) of 0.17 in copper matrix with an average size of 10.8 nm and interparticle spacing of 152 nm. Finally, tensile test evaluation determined comparable mechanical properties of the annealed ODS copper (Cu-0.42wt%Y2O3) with Glidcop-Al25 including a yield strength of 272 MPa and total elongation of 12%, by two mechanisms of grain boundary strengthening and oxide particle strengthening.

The heterogeneous electrolyte of CuFeO2 nano-flakes composited with flower-shaped ZnO for advanced solid oxide fuel cells

The flower-shaped ZnO was synthesized to form composite with the delafossite structure CuFeO2. The composite heterojunction formed for the ZnO-CuFeO2 composite material demonstrates a profound significance for exploring novel materials in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) field. At 550 °C, power outputs of 300 mW cm−2 and 468 mW cm−2 were achieved for SOFC devices using pure ZnO and composite with CuFeO2 as the electrolytes, respectively. The composite showed a good performance at low temperatures, for instance, it showed a power output of 148 mW cm−2 at 430 °C. The studies on photocurrent-time curves with visible light on/off irradiation provided an evidence for electron-hole separation. The heterojunctions separate holes and electrons, preventing short-circuiting while used in the SOFC device. These results demonstrate that introducing the heterojunctions in the electrolyte is an innovative approach for advanced SOFCs.

Ultra Electronics USSI wins SOFC contract for UAS platforms

US-based Ultra Electronics USSI has received a $1.2 million contract award for D245XR and D350XR fuel cells, for use in Group 1 unmanned aerial systems (UAS). These advanced solid oxide fuel cell power systems provide UAS platforms with advanced sensor capabilities, extended operational range, and more than 8 h flight time in a compact UAS.

Band gap and mobility of epitaxial perovskite BaSn1−xHfxO3 thin films

A wide band-gap perovskite oxide $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is attracting much attention due to its high electron mobility and oxygen stability. On the other hand, $\mathrm{BaHf}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ was recently reported to be an effective high-$k$ gate oxide. Here, we investigate the band gap and mobility of solid solutions of $\mathrm{BaS}{\mathrm{n}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{f}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ($x=0\ensuremath{-}1$) (BSHO) as a basis to build advanced perovskite oxide heterostructures. All the films were epitaxially grown on MgO substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Hf substitution does not create midgap states while increasing the band gap. From x-ray diffraction and optical transmittance measurements, the lattice constants and the band-gap values are significantly modified by Hf substitution. We also measured the transport properties of $n$-type La-doped BSHO films $[(\mathrm{Ba},\mathrm{La})(\mathrm{Sn},\mathrm{Hf}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}]$, investigating the feasibility of modulation doping in the $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/\mathrm{BSHO}$ heterostructures. The Hall measurement data revealed that, as the Hf content increases, the activation rate of the La dopant decreases and the scattering rate of the electrons sharply increases. These properties of BSHO films may be useful for applications in various heterostructures based on the $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ system.