Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Research Articles

Energy and exergy analyses of a hybrid system containing solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells, a gas turbine, and a compressed air energy storage unit

Design of a hybrid system composed of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), gas turbine (GT), and an advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) based on only energy analysis could not completely identify optimal operating conditions. In this study, the energy and exergy analyses of the hybrid fuel cell system are performed to determine suitable working conditions for stable system operation with load flexibility. Pressure ratios of the compressors and energy charging ratios are varied to investigate their effects on the performance of the hybrid system. The hybrid fuel cell system is found to produce electricity up to 60% of the variation in demand. A GT pressure ratio of 2 provides agreeable conditions for efficient operation of the hybrid system. An AA-CAES pressure ratio of 15 and charging ratio of 0.9 assist in lengthening the discharging time during a high load demand based on an electricity variation of 50%.

Thermodynamic and economic performance analysis of heat and power cogeneration system based on advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage coupled with solar auxiliary heat

The advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system coupled with other systems not only has a high efficiency but also has the ability to produce heat and power simultaneously, which has great application potential. Reasonable allocation of heat generated by the system can improve the performance of the system. Therefore, a model of a cogeneration system based on advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage coupled with solar auxiliary heat is proposed and five schemes of heat distribution are established. From the perspective of thermodynamics and economics, the performance of five heat distribution schemes (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0%) is analysed and discussed. The effects of effectiveness of three types of heat exchangers, off-peak electricity and product prices on system performance are studied. In addition, the grey wolf algorithm is used for multi-objective optimization. The results show that the smaller the heat distribution ratio is, the greater the exergy efficiency and net present value. The large heat distribution ratio leads to a large energy storage density. The effect of the heat exchanger effectiveness on the system performance is different across different positions of the system. With the increase in on-peak electricity and hot water prices and the decline in low peak electricity price, the net present value increases. Under the optimal conditions, the ranges of the energy storage densities and the net present values of the five heat distribution schemes are 15.109∼17.466 MJ•m−3 and 13.992 × 107∼22.616 × 107$, respectively.

Adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology

Adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology

Collaborative optimization method and operation performances for a novel integrated energy system containing adiabatic compressed air energy storage and organic Rankine cycle

Integrated energy system (IES) coupled with advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has the superiority to peak-load regulation and improve system performance. Therefore, a novel IES-ORC-CAES system, which includes AA-CAES, ORC and ICE, is proposed in this paper. In this system, the user return water is used to recover the compression heat generated by AA-CAES. The ICE exhaust smoke flows through three parts successively, the heat exchangers of AA-CAES energy release side, the ORC and absorption heat pump arranged in parallel and the tail heat exchanger, realizing the cascade utilization of energy and meeting the diversified energy demand of users. Considering the time of use electricity price and aiming at economy, environmental protection and energy efficiency, a collaborative optimization method that can dynamically adjust the energy output of the system is proposed. The results indicate that compared with the IES-ORC system (without AA-CAES), the annual operation cost, CO2 emission and primary energy consumption of the IES ORC-CAES system can be reduced by 14.84%, 13.06% and 11.69% under the economic, environmental and energy efficiency objectives. Furthermore, by coordinating the regulation of ICE, AA-CAES and ORC, the flexibility of the system energy supply is realized, and the matching of the electric-heat ratio on the source and load side is improved. Finally, the thermodynamic analysis of the IES-ORC-CAES system is carried out through parameter analysis. The research results can provide the reference for the operation optimization of the complex IES.

Modelling small-scale trigenerative advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage for building application

The energy storage technology offers an energy balance by saving energy production for periods of higher customer demand. The present study concerns the development of a numerical model to simulate the trigeneration micro advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AA-CAES) coupled to building model and energy grids. Different design parameters are grouped and therefore an ideal prototype is proposed based on a global numerical sizing tool which in turn based on solving energy balance and heat transfer equations for each components (photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, compressor, turbine, reservoir). This study proposed two modes of operation depending on the electrical grid connection to the building (Autonomous and connected mode operation). From energy coverage point of view, it was noted that the connected mode operation scored more advantage points than the autonomous mode operation in most of the geographical scenarios. In best energetic case configuration the electrical coverage ratio scored 25.52%, the hot coverage ratio was equal to 20% and the cold coverage ratio scored 8% The trigeneration system efficiency was noticed to be a compromise between electrical coverage ratio, hot coverage ratio and cold coverage ratio.

Rolling-horizon dispatch of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage based energy hub via data-driven stochastic dynamic programming

Faced with environmental pollution and energy crisis, energy hub yields an improvement on efficiency and flexibility of multi-energy supply. Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) is a promising large-scale energy storage technology and is attracting increasing attention due to its heat-electricity co-storage potentials. This paper investigates the external characteristics of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage and exploits its ability to implement an energy hub. First, a dual state-of-charge (SoC) model of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage is presented, taking into account the system off-design features and the impact of ambient temperature. The state-of-charge of the air storage tank depends on the mass of stored air, whose mass flow rate affects the charging and discharging electric power. The state-of-charge of the high-temperature thermal energy storage depends on the mass of heat transfer oil, whose mass flow rate determines the reserving and releasing heating power. Adjusting the mass flow rates of air and oil offers flexible control on the power and thermal outputs. An energy hub is built based upon the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage. To address the daily self-dispatch of the energy hub facing the uncertainties of load and ambient temperature, a data-driven stochastic dynamic programming model is proposed which allows a rolling horizon implementation. The Kernel regression is employed to estimate the conditional probability distribution of uncertainties. The cost-to-go functions in the Bellman equation are approximated via sampling and interpolation. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate that: 1) The proposed dynamic programming method outperforms model predictive control in computational efficiency. 2) Neglecting the temperature effect on compressed air energy storage operation leads to 4.5%, 7.8%, and 9.2% regulation errors of charging, discharging and heating power, respectively.

Thermodynamic of a novel advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with variable pressure ratio coupled organic rankine cycle

In order to increase the cycle efficiency of compressed air energy storage, a novel advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with variable pressure ratio based on organic Rankine cycle is presented. The thermodynamic model of the system is established and used to calculate the thermodynamic characteristics of system vs the number of expanders and their linked mode. Then, the system based on organic Rankine cycle subsystem was analysed. The results show that the system with variable pressure ratio reduces the compression process power consumption by 12.45% and increases the expander output power by 37.29% comparing with the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage, which make the cycle efficiency of the system increase from 40.16% up to 63.00%. Furtherly, the cycle efficiency of the system coupled organic Rankine cycle reached 70.53%.

Research on Thermo-Economic Characteristics of a Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System Based on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage

Research on Thermo-Economic Characteristics of a Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System Based on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage

Technological Research of a Clean Energy Router Based on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System.

As a fundamental infrastructure of energy supply for future society, energy Internet (EI) can achieve clean energy generation, conversion, storage and consumption in a more economic and safer way. This paper demonstrates the technology principle of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AA-CAES), as well as analysis of the technical characteristics of AA-CAES. Furthermore, we propose an overall architectural scheme of a clean energy router (CER) based on AA-CAES. The storage and mutual conversion mechanism of wind and solar power, heating, and other clean energy were designed to provide a key technological solution for the coordination and comprehensive utilization of various clean energies for the EI. Therefore, the design of the CER scheme and its efficiency were analyzed based on a thermodynamic simulation model of AA-CAES. Meanwhile, we explored the energy conversion mechanism of the CER and improved its overall efficiency. The CER based on AA-CAES proposed in this paper can provide a reference for efficient comprehensive energy utilization (CEU) (93.6%) in regions with abundant wind and solar energy sources.

Thermo-economic analysis and multi-objective optimization of polygeneration system based on advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system

An advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) system can operate as a polygeneration system, which stores power from renewables or the grid at off-peak periods and releases power, heating load and cooling load to users at peak periods. According to the energy forms produced by AA-CAES system, it can be categorized as either a cogeneration system (producing power and heating load simultaneously) or a trigeneration system (producing power, heating load and cooling load simultaneously). In this study, a comprehensive mathematical model of polygeneration system based on AA-CAES system is established. Thermo-economic analysis and comparison of cogeneration/trigeneration system based on AA-CAES system are carried out, and the relationships between the type of AA-CAES system with the number of compression/expansion stages and parameters of the system are revealed. Multi-objective optimization considering three objective functions is used to determine the optimal design for two types of AA-CAES systems. When there are two compression stages and two expansion stages, the performance of cogeneration system is optimal, and the round trip performance coefficient RTPC, exergy efficiency ηex and annual total cost saving ratio ACSR are 0.898, 0.68 and 0.258, respectively. When there are three compression stages and one expansion stage, the performance of the trigeneration system is optimal, and RTPC, ηex and ACSR are equal to 1.057, 0.555 and 0.134, respectively. This study will provide guidelines for the design of polygeneration system based on AA-CAES system, which can be widely applied in distributed energy systems to improve the off-design performance.

Modelling and control of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage under power tracking mode considering off-design generating conditions

Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) is a scalable storage technology with a long lifespan, fast response and low environmental impact, and is suitable for grid-level applications. In power systems with high-penetration renewable generation, AA-CAES is expected to play an active role in flexible regulation. This paper proposes a state-space set-point control model of AA-CAES for the application in the power tracking mode considering off-design characteristics. The part-load features of the multi-stage turbine and heat exchanger are captured by simplified models, and then tailored for improving computational efficiency in the applications with a timescale of 1 min. The set-point control (power tracking) of AA-CAES entails the coordination of turbine inlet pressure, air mass flow rate and heat transfer fluid (HTF) mass flow rate, while ensuring the secure pressure at the throttle valve linking the air storage tank and the expansion train. The set-point control problem is cast to a differential-algebraic equation (DAE) constrained optimization problem, and is reformulated as a nonlinear program via the simultaneous collocation method. Case studies validate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed AA-CAES model for power tracking under off-design generating conditions.

Regional integrated energy system dispatch strategy considering advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage device

Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) has been considered to possess excellent potential of utilization in Regional Integrated Energy System (RIES) due to its various merits including superior ancillary service and multi-carrier energy generation and storage capacity. However, few studies have been reported on schedule strategies considering AA-CAES and its multiple applications in market environment. This paper presents a RIES schedule strategy considering multiple applications of AA-CAES accounting for trading strategy of Energy Hub Operator (EHO). The operation mechanism and the schedule framework of RIES are built at first. Then, key applications including heating service and reserve service of AA-CAES are analyzed and modeled, and the schedule model of RIES utilizing AA-CAES to optimize economy of EHO is developed. A RIES based on AC-DC hybrid micro-grid is used for case studies to assess the comprehensive benefits of AA-CAES for cogeneration, reserve providing and photovoltaic (PV) consumption. The results show that the multiple application capacity of AA-CAES lead to 21.89% increase in the overall profit of EHO. It improves the operation flexibility of RIES, optimizes market trading strategies of EHO and promotes the energy autonomy of RIES from various ways.

Optimization of Operation Strategies for a Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System based on Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage

The fluctuations of renewable energy and various energy demands are crucial issues for the optimal design and operation of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system. In this paper, a novel CCHP system is simulated with advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) technology as a join to connect with wind energy generation and an internal-combustion engine (ICE). The capital cost of utilities, energy cost, environmental protection cost and primary energy savings ratio (PESR) are used as system performance indicators. To fulfill the cooling, heating and power requirements of a district and consider the thermal-electric coupling of ICE and AA-CAES in CCHP system, three operation strategies are established to schedule the dispatch of AA-CAES and ICE: ICE priority operation strategy, CAES priority operation strategy and simultaneous operation strategy. Each strategy leads the operation load of AA-CAES or ICE to improve the energy supply efficiency of the system. Moreover, to minimize comprehensive costs and maximize the PESR, a novel optimization algorithm based on intelligent updating multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) is proposed to solve the optimization model. Considering the multi-interface characteristic and active management ability of the ICE and AA-CAES, the economic benefits and energy efficiency of the three operation strategies are compared by the simulation with the same system configuration. On a typical summer day, the simultaneous strategy is the best solution as the total cost is 3643 USD and the PESR is 66.1%, while on a typical winter day, the ICE priority strategy is the best solution as the total cost is 4529 USD and the PESR is 64.4%. The proposed methodology provides the CCHP based AA-CAES system with a better optimized operation.

Measurement-driven AA-CAES Model for Distribution Network Dispatch in Coordination with Renewable Generation

Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) could play an important role in power distribution system for mitigating the intermittency of distributed renewable generations and reducing the peak-valley difference of load demand, which requires to operate AA-CAES under off-design conditions. A power system dispatch oriented AA-CAES model was proposed based on the technically thermodynamic performance curves of compressor and expansion calibrated from experiments, highlighting the impact of AA-CAES part-lard features on charging/discharging efficiency and capacity. The proposed model is integrated with economic dispatch problem of power distribution systems, giving rise to a nonlinear program due to the state-dependent charging and discharging performances. The dispatch model is further linearized via piecewise linear approximation and special-ordered set of type 2, and its equivalent mixed integer linear formulation is presented. A modified IEEE 33-bus system is adopted to verify the effectiveness of proposed model for renewables accommodation.

Modeling and dispatch of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage under wide operating range in distribution systems with renewable generation

Abstract Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) is a scalable physical energy storage technology with great potential in peak regulation and renewables accommodation. Due to load fluctuation and limited volume of air tank and heat reservoir, the operating status of AA-CAES often varies in a wide range, which is called off-design or part load status, and thus the charging/discharging efficiency and generation capacity tightly correlate with the power level and storage states. This paper proposes a tri-state model of AA-CAES which meets the computational requirements of power system dispatch. Thermodynamics at the compression and expansion side can be characterized via either theoretical analysis or experiments, and the three storage states that impact charging/discharging power is calibrated by piecewise linear functions. By above construction, AA-CAES resembles a traditional battery storage except for the three correlated storage states and state-dependent charging/discharging efficiencies, while the thermodynamics related information is encapsulated in the piecewise linear approximation. As a result, the power system dispatch problem gives rise to a mixed-integer nonlinear program. An efficient linearization method is proposed, in which the number of binary variables involved is a logarithmic function in the number of breakpoints. IEEE 33-bus system is used to validate the proposed model.

Economic Research and Exploration of Comprehensive Utilization of Energy Based on Advanced System Theory and Technology

Electricity is the prerequisite and important guarantee for the progress and development of human society. It has an important position and role in the national energy strategy. Increasing the share of renewable energy generation in electricity production has a broad and far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of China’s economy and society. Influences. However, due to the intermittent and instability of renewable energy itself, in order to avoid large-scale renewable energy generation from impacting the power grid, the scale of renewable energy generation and grid-connected power are limited to a certain extent. Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) technology uses a heat storage device (TES) to store compressed heat, eliminating the dependence on fossil fuels and achieving “zero emissions.” At present, AA-CAES technology is considered as an energy storage technology with great market development potential. The paper calculates the performance of the system given the input of the air compressor and the output power of the turbine; analyses the parameters such as the storage pressure ratio, convective heat transfer coefficient, and energy release interval time for energy storage density, cycle efficiency and other systems The influence of performance parameters; reveals the temperature and pressure changes of the gas storage chamber with time during a single cycle.

Techno-economic analysis of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system based on life cycle cost

Advanced adiabatic CAES (AA-CAES) is a new system proposed to improve the traditional CAES. It is an important direction for the future development of CAES and has important research value and exploration significance. However, there are few studies on the techno-economic of AA-CAES technology, and there is no specific feasible economic calculation method. In this paper, a novel model of techno-economic analysis for AA-CAES system is proposed based on the life cycle cost method. A 10MW/80 MW h AA-CAES concept system is used as the object. After calculating, the static construction cost of the AA-CAES system is about ¥66.79 million, the cost of per kW·h of electricity is from 0.501 to 0.686 ¥/(kW·h), and the average annual income is ¥21.74 million. And the sensitivity factors of the system, the electricity purchase price, electricity sale price and annual operating hours were further analyzed. When discussing the influence of unit capacity, the AA-CAES concept system with power of 20MW–100MW was selected as the control for calculation and analysis. Finally, based on the results of techno-economic analysis, the opinions on the further promotion and application of the AA-CAES system are proposed.

Thermo-economic analysis and optimization of a combined cooling, heating and power system based on advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage

To satisfy the diverse requirements of users, a combined cooling, heating and power system based on advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage is proposed in this paper. The distribution and utilization of heat in the heat storage tank affect the output characteristics of the system. Therefore, five heat distribution modes are proposed, and their thermodynamic and economic performances are compared and analysed via numerical simulation. In addition, sensitivity analyses of the key parameters, such as the convective heat transfer coefficient, the energy storage and release interval, the heat exchanger effectiveness and the prices of fuel and product, are conducted. Multi-objective optimizations of five heat distribution modes are also conducted. The results demonstrate that mode 5 (in which the heat distribution ratio is 0) has a higher exergy efficiency, exergy density and annual profit margin, namely, 61.47%, 13.82 MJ·m−3 and 19.46%, respectively, while mode 1 (in which the heat distribution ratio is 1) has a higher round trip efficiency, namely, 54.50%. The sensitivity analyses show that the convective heat transfer coefficient, the energy storage and release interval, the heat exchanger effectiveness and the prices of fuel and product substantially influence the performance of the system. Moreover, with optimal conditions, the ranges of the exergy density and the annual profit margin for the five modes are 15.320 ~ 17.436 MJ·m−3 and 15.607%~30.429%, respectively.

Dynamic characteristics and operation strategy of the discharge process in compressed air energy storage systems for applications in power systems

In the context of the rapid development of large-scale renewable energy, large-scale energy storage technology is widely considered as the most effective means of improving the quality and security of electricity. In the existing energy storage technology, advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) technology has broad application prospects because of its advantages of low pollution, low investment, flexible site selection, and large capacity. However, the lack of an in-depth understanding of the dynamic characteristics of CAES systems has severely limited the development of system design and control strategy, resulting in a lack of commercial operation of large-scale CAES systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of a CAES plant and its controller for applications in the distribution network level. The dynamic mathematical models of AA-CAES were established and a feasible control strategy for the grid-connected process was developed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the system in the discharge stage. The work done in this study provided a data reference for the deep understanding of the dynamic characteristics of AA-CAES, system design, and control strategy in the industry.

Optimal Dispatch Model for Micro Integrated Energy System Considering Multi-carrier Energy Generation Characteristic of Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage

Optimal Dispatch Model for Micro Integrated Energy System Considering Multi-carrier Energy Generation Characteristic of Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage