Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm Research Articles

Hybrid Cryptography: Secure File Storage on using AES, RC6 and Blow Fish Algorithm

In this era, cloud computing is used in various fields like industry, military, college, etc. for various services and storage of huge amount of data. Data stored in this cloud can be accessed or retrieved on the users request without direct access to the server computer. But the major concern regarding storage of data online that is on the cloud is the Security. This Security concern can be solved using various ways, the most commonly used techniques are cryptography and steganography. But sometimes a single technique or algorithm alone cannot provide high-level security. So we have introduces a new security mechanism that uses a combination of multiple cryptographic algorithms of symmetric key and steganography. In this proposed system, RC6 (Rivest Cipher 6), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and Blowfish algorithms are used to provide security to data. All the algorithms use 128-bit keys. LSB steganography technique is used to securely store the key information. Key information will contain the information regarding the encrypted part of the file, the algorithm and the key for the algorithm. File during encryption is split into three parts. These individual parts of the file will be encrypted using different encryption algorithm simultaneously with the help of multithreading technique. The key information is inserted into an image using the LSB technique. Our methodology guarantees better security and protection of customer data by storing encrypted data on a single cloud server, using AES, RC6 and Blowfish algorithm.

Low area and high throughput implementation of advanced encryption standard hardware accelerator on FPGA using Mux‐Demux pair

AbstractNow‐a‐days advanced cryptographic algorithms are needed in order to improve data security and confidentiality. One such algorithm used prominently is advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. AES is a complex algorithm with multiple rounds of processing data and occupies more space or area when implemented on hardware. Since each sub‐step of computation has a similar structure, the proposed method employs the novel idea of using the same hardware to implement the AES functionality. Hence the number of logical units occupied are leveraged. The proposed scheme, Mux‐Demux pair method (MDP), uses a mux‐demux structure. It is implemented on Virtex‐7 and ZynQ7000 FPGAs and the code is written in Verilog HDL language in the Vivado software. The proposed work when simulated on Virtex‐7 occupies an area of 1932 slices, giving an optimized throughput of 10.167 Gbps while the work simulated on ZynQ7000 occupies an area of 3253 slices, resulting in a throughput of 23.858 Gbps.

Improvement of the Secure Integration of IoT and Cloud Computing using Hybrid Encryption

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an essential technology in many Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and since sensor nodes suffer from limited resources, it has become possible to overcome storage capacity problems using cloud computing, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with cloud computing (CC) seeks to achieve new levels of efficiency in service delivery. Security and privacy are key factors that slow down the rapid and widespread adoption and deployment of both IoT and cloud computing. In the proposed model, an integrated IoT system with cloud computing was developed starting from the analysis, and design, to the implementation to connect IoT devices with the cloud, the security is achieved by using a hybrid encryption mechanism which provides the performance advantages of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Where the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm is used for key generation and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm is used for encryption and decryption of the sensors' data to provide a reliable computing environment. We have implemented the proposed system and showed the results of using CONTIKI COOJA 3.0 that connected with the cloud service provider, Evaluate a set of performance metrics such as power consumption, packet delivery ratio, and the algorithm execution time, in addition to verifying network immunity against the black hole attack.

Penerapan Algoritma Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Untuk Keamanan Data Transaksi Pada Sistem E-Marketplace

Sriwedari Village known as a producer of superior plant seeds and fruits in the Salaman District area. The Sriwedari Seed Shop is a form of business from the village government that sells various kinds of plant seeds and fruits from nurseries by the local community. However, in its application the sales and transaction system still uses a fairly conventional method. By opening an offline store and marketing products through social media networks, the Sriwedari Seed Shop has less regular customers. Not to mention the risk of fraud from customers who order seeds through social media is a concern for sellers Therefore, this research was conducted with the intention of answering the problems above by creating an e-marketplace system in the form of an online store that will be integrated with a payment gateway that has various online payment methods. In addition, data security will also be applied to the payment system using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic algorithm which functions to encrypt payment transaction data so that data records stored in the database are not easy to read and prevent misuse of data by parties who do not have access rights. The method used in developing this system is Rapid Application Development (RAD). This method is very suitable to be applied in software development with minimal resources so that it can speed up the iteration process at each stage of development while still paying attention to input from potential system users. The results of this research are an integrated e-marketplace system with payment gateway services that have various payment methods with transaction data security using the AES cryptographic algorithm.

Study of Encrypted Transmission of Private Data During Network Communication: Performance Comparison of Advanced Encryption Standard and Data Encryption Standard Algorithms

The involvement of the Internet in the production of daily life has increased the demand for the security of private data on the Internet. This paper briefly introduced the principles of advanced encryption standard (AES) and data encryption standard (DES) algorithms and then conducted simulation experiments on the two encryption algorithms in a laboratory server. The results showed that both algorithms had excellent sensitivity to plaintext keys, and the sensitivity of the AES algorithm was higher; the encryption and decryption time of both algorithms increased as the file got larger, and the encryption and decryption time of the same algorithm was not much different; the encryption and decryption time of the AES algorithm was less than that of the DES algorithm for the same file, and the time taken to crack the AES-encrypted data by brute force was also much longer; during the transmission of encrypted data, as the data increased, the integrity of the ciphertext decryption by the third-party decreased, and the integrity of the AES algorithm-encrypted file was significantly smaller than that of the DES algorithm-encrypted file when it was decrypted.

Best S-box amongst differently sized S-boxes based on the avalanche effect in ‎the advance encryption standard algorithm

<span lang="EN-US">Substitution boxes are essential nonlinear modules that are popular in block ‎cipher algorithms. They ‎also play a significant role in the security area because of ‎their robustness to different linear ‎cryptanalysis. Each element of the state in a S-‎box is nonlinearly replaced using a lookup table. This ‎research presents the S-‎box, one of the fundamental parts of the advanced encryption standard ‎‎(AES) ‎algorithm. The S-box represents the confusion part in the AES. However, when ‎information ‎is shared between different devices in an authorized manner, the ‎algorithm should be able to ‎combine a sufficient number of confusion layers to ‎guarantee the avalanche effect (AE). ‎Subsequently, this research selects the best ‎S-box by comparing different sizes (4×4, 8×8, and ‎‎16×16) and measuring them ‎on the basis of the million-bit encryption. The AE is the main criterion ‎used in ‎choosing the best S-box. A robust and strong cryptography algorithm should be ‎able to ‎confirm the AEs. Results indicate that the 16×16 S-box with a 52% AE ‎ratio is the superior S-box</span>

Implementation of the advanced encryption standard algorithm on an FPGA for image processing through the universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter protocol

<span lang="EN-US">Communication among end users can be based either on wired or wireless technology. Cryptography plays a vital role in ensuring data exchange is secure among end users. Data can be encrypted and decrypted using symmetric or asymmetric key cryptographic techniques to provide confidentiality. In wireless technology, images are exchanged through low-cost wireless peripheral devices, such as radio frequency identification device (RFID), nRF, and ZigBee, that can interface with field programmable gate array (FPGA) among the end users. One of the issues is that data exchange through wireless devices does not offer confidentiality, and subsequently, data can be lost. In this paper, we propose a design and implementation of AES-128 cipher algorithm on an FPGA board for image processing through the <a name="_Hlk107307233"></a>universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) protocol. In this process, the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm is used to encrypt and decrypt the image, while the transmitter and receiver designs are implemented on two Xilinx BASYS-3 circuits connected with a ZigBee RF module. The encrypted image uses less memory, such as LUTs (141), and also consumes less chip power (0.0291 w), I/O (0.003), block RAM (0.001 w), data, and logic to provide much higher efficiency than wired communication technology. We also observe that images can be exchanged through the UART protocol with different baud rates in run time.</span>

Hybrid information security system via combination of compression, cryptography, and image steganography

<span lang="EN-US">Today, the world is experiencing a new paradigm characterized by dynamism and rapid change due to revolutions that have gone through information and digital communication technologies, this raised many security and capacity concerns about information security transmitted via the Internet network. Cryptography and steganography are two of the most extensively that are used to ensure information security. Those techniques alone are not suitable for high security of information, so in this paper, we proposed a new system was proposed of hiding information within the image to optimize security and capacity. This system provides a sequence of steps by compressing the secret image using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithm, then using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm for encryption compressed data. The least significant bit (LSB) technique has been applied to hide the encrypted data. The results show that the proposed system is able to optimize the stego-image quality (PSNR value of 47.8 dB) and structural similarity index (SSIM value of 0.92). In addition, the results of the experiment proved that the combination of techniques maintains stego-image quality by 68%, improves system performance by 44%, and increases the size of secret data compared to using each technique alone. This study may contribute to solving the problem of the security and capacity of information when sent over the internet.</span>

IMPLEMENTASI DIGITAL SIGNATURE PADA ARSIP DI DINAS KEARSIPAN PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

Currently digital signatures or can also be called digital signatures are increasingly being used, especially for an archive. Digital archival technology is considered as different from traditional archives which refers to the preservation of physical objects such as Photo, Film and Cartography that can carry information. The importance of the right level of security in maintaining the authenticity of the archive requires strong evidence in the form of a digital signature that can be accessed via an Android Smartphone, then the document will be given a digital signature in the form of a hybrid Cryptosystem used for encryption and message description. using the RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman) algorithm and the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. The reason for using the Hybrid Cryptosystem technique is to make it more secure and efficient.

Shift Register, Reconvergent-Fanout (SiRF) PUF Implementation on an FPGA

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are gaining traction as an attractive alternative to generating and storing device keying material over traditional secure non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies. In this paper, we propose an engineered delay-based PUF called the shift-register, reconvergent-fanout (SiRF) PUF, and present an analysis of the statistical quality of its bitstrings using data collected from a set of FPGAs subjected to extended industrial temperature-voltage environmental conditions. The SiRF PUF utilizes the Xilinx shift register primitive and an engineered network of logic gates that are designed to distribute signal paths over a wide region of the FPGA fabric using a MUXing scheme similar in principle to the shift-rows permutation function within the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. The shift register is utilized in a unique fashion to enable individual paths through a Xilinx 5-input LUT to be selected as a source of entropy by the challenge. The engineered logic gate network utilizes reconvergent-fanout as a means of adding entropy, eliminating bias and increasing uncertainty with respect to which paths are actually being timed and used in post-processing to produce the secret key or authentication bitstring. The SiRF PUF is a strong PUF build on top of a network with 10’s of millions of possible paths.

Research on Secure Encryption and Transmission of Disaster Backup of Massive Data Based on Cloud Computing

In order to ensure the protection of important data in the face of natural and man-made disasters in data centers in cloud computing services, sufficient backups of the data are required. This paper briefly introduced the security encryption measures for disaster backup of data under cloud computing. The transmission performance during disaster backup was improved by the intelligent ant colony algorithm. Simulation experiments were performed to compare the encryption performance of two encryption algorithms, the Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) algorithm and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, in disaster backup, and the transmission performance of the intelligent ant colony algorithm and the maximum network flow algorithm. The results showed that the asymmetric encryption algorithm and the RSA algorithm had better encryption performance than the AES algorithm in terms of disaster backup; with the increase of backup data volume, the transmission performance of both route assignment algorithms decreased, but the intelligent ant colony algorithm always outperformed the maximum network flow algorithm.

Implementation of Shamir’s Secret Sharing Scheme in Cloud Computing

With the increase in the use of cloud systems, security on cloud systems has become one of the most important items that underlined. Due to the nature of the cloud systems, it is difficult to manage multi-user systems and access control devices, resulting in some security vulnerabilities. In this paper we studied on Cloud Computing with Shamir’s Secret Sharing Scheme with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm for encryption and decryption process. For encryption and decryption process AES in Cryptool 1.4.41 has been used. For implementing Shamir Secret Sharing Scheme, Python language has been chosen and Spyder 3.8 has been chosen for environment. As a result, we successfully demonstrate the Shamir’s Scheme implementation with file operations.

Secure document and image transmission through an encrypted network system

Data communication and networks as a field gives high priority to data and network security. Presently, internet security issues have become very critical in sharing information. Perhaps, there is need for robust techniques for the protection of data shared via unsecured network channels. Since cryptography is a technique for securing plain text messages such as encrypted key exchange and authentication but reveals when and where communication is taking place, while steganography hides the existence of data to be transmitted. Thus, there is need for a tool that combines these two techniques in a single data transmission. As such, this paper intends to develop an application that combines both features of cryptography and steganography techniques for secure communication. The application is a cross-platform tool that can effectively hide information in many different carrier file formats such as image, audio or digital video file. The study adopt the requirements of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm in order to come up with best technique that is more robust in securing confidential documents and images. The developed App accepts different file formats when hiding plaintext, messages, and images. The App is recommended to government security agencies, financial institutions, e-commerce websites/app, educational bodies, and individuals in sending personal data online.

Digital Signature Method to Overcome Sniffing Attacks on LoRaWAN Network

LoRa or Long Range with LoRaWAN technology is a protocol for low-power wireless networks. The absence of an encryption process on the data payload becomes a challenge for the LoRaWAN network. When the process of sending messages is running inter devices, sniffing might occur, thereby reducing the confidentiality aspect of the data communication process. This paper optimized the digital signature method to secure messages sent by LoRaWAN network devices, along with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and Ed25519 algorithm. AES was used for message encryption, while Ed25519 was used for signature purposes. The aim of applying digital signatures in this paper was to verify that the payload data sent was original and not changed during the transmission process and to ensure data confidentiality. The addition of security mechanisms to the LoRaWAN network, such as the process of encryption, decryption, and verification results, has caused some overheads. The overhead caused by the usage of a digital signature is also analyzed to ensure that the digital signature is feasible to be implemented in LoRa devices. Based on the experimental results, it was found that there was an increase in the size of memory usage and some additional processing delay during the deployment of digital signatures for LoRa devices. The overall overhead caused by implementing digital signatures on the LoRa devices was relatively low, making it possible to implement it on the LoRa network widely.

Solving User Priority in Cloud Computing Using Enhanced Optimization Algorithm in Workflow Scheduling.

Cloud computing is a procedure of stockpiling as well as retrieval of data or computer services over the Internet that allows all its users to remotely access the data centers. Cloud computing provides all required services to the users, but every platform has its share of pros and cons, and another major problem in the cloud is task scheduling or workflow scheduling. Multiple factors are becoming a challenge for scheduling in cloud computing namely the heterogeneity of resources, tasks, and user priority. User priority has been encountered as the most challenging problem during the last decade as the number of users is increasing worldwide. This issue has been resolved by an advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm, which decreases the response time and execution delay of the user-request. There are multifarious tasks, for instance, deploying the data on the cloud, that will be executed according to first come first serve (FCFS) and not on the payment basis, which provides an ease to the users. These investigated techniques are 30.21%, 25.20%, 25.30%, 30.25%, 24.26%, and 36.9 8% improved in comparison with the traditional FFOA, DE, ABC, PSO, GA, and ETC, respectively. Moreover, during iteration number 5, this approach is 15.20%, 20.22%, 30.56%, 26.30%, and 36.23% improved than that of the traditional techniques FFOA, DE, ABC, PSO, GA, and ETC, respectively. This investigated method is more efficient and applicable in certain arenas where user priority is the primary concern and can offer all the required services to the users without any interruption.

A Novel High-Speed Data Encryption Scheme for Internet of Medical Things Using Modified Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman and Advance Encryption Standard

The security of data in an IoT network is of utmost importance. The medical IoT devices need to implement the security protocols in the devices to safeguard the crucial information. This paper proposes a novel high-speed data encryption scheme using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for key generation, key length reduction, Diffie–Hellman key exchange, SHA-256 and advance encryption standard (AES). The proposed hybrid data encryption scheme begins with elliptic curve key generation. Each authorized user in the broadcast range generated a private key using ECC. The proposed key reduction algorithm reduces the size of the secret key generated. This key is exchanged efficiently between the broadcast members using Diffie–Hellman key exchange. Each user then generates their final encryption keys. These keys are encoded using SHA-256 algorithm for further security. These keys are then used to encrypt the data using AES algorithm and sent to the cloud. The intended receivers can check the identity of the sender and decrypt the data using their own keys. The proposed method also includes user identity authentication. The origin of the message is verified to authenticate the sender of the message. This implementation is apt for home automation applications where data collected by medical devices like Fitbit and watches need to be shared among multiple users. The proposed method is at par in providing security to the data in much less time. The throughput, key generation time, key length, encryption time, decryption time and memory usage, Avalanche effect are efficient in comparison to existing methods.

THE METHOD OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SYMMETRICAL BLOCK ENCRYPTION

Ensuring data safety and security are relevant in any sphere of human activity, which is directly related to the implementation of modern and advanced symmetric and asymmetric algorithms and methods of cryptographic protection of information. One of the well-known and safe encryption algorithms, known as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), which is endowed with the properties of ease of practical implementation and high reliability, has found its wide application for block symmetric data encryption. A feature of symmetric encryption is the processing of large amounts of information, the use of the same key for encryption and decryption, high reliability of data protection. This paper proposes to improve this algorithm to provide faster data processing. All modifications of the AES transformations do not reduce the high cryptographic strength of the cipher, and their principles are described in detail in the paper. This practical implementation of the optimized algorithm shows the possibility of combining a number of mathematical operations that have a similar principle of processing elements, which allowed to reduce the processing time. In addition, in the improved implementation the MixColumns operation uses pre-calculated lookup tables of the required value, which also helps to increase the speed of transformations but at the cost of more memory for the code size. A comparative analysis of the practical implementation of the standard and optimized AES cryptoalgorithms has been carried out, and numerical indicators of the processing time of test data have been obtained, which are presented in the form of tables. Graphs of the dependence of the encryption and decryption procedure execution time on the file size for the standard and optimized AES algorithms have been constructed. The results show a significant percentage of optimization – up to 50% for encryption and up to 75% for decryption of data.

Secured Health Monitoring System Using AES

Wireless medical sensor network is used in healthcare applications that have the collections of biosensors connected to a human body or emergency care unit to monitor the patient's physiological vital status. The real-time medical data collected using wearable medical sensors are transmitted to a diagnostic centre. The data generated from the sensors are aggregated at this centre and transmitted further to the doctor's personal digital assistant for diagnosis. The unauthorised access of one's health data may lead to misuse and legal complications while unreliable data transmission or storage may lead to life threatening risk to patients. So, this system uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm to encrypt the data to make it secured transmission and access control system for medical sensor network. Further the data is sent to a centralised server through a wireless network. In this case this server can be a Personal Computer (PC) connected to the same network, for this transmission User Datagram Protocol (UDP) can be used. This data can be accessed at the receiver side only.

Trusted Execution Environments: Applications and Organizational Challenges

A lack of trust in the providers is still a major barrier to cloud computing adoption – especially when sensitive data is involved. While current privacy-enhancing technologies, such as homomorphic encryption, can increase security, they come with a considerable performance overhead. As an alternative Trusted Executing Environment (TEE) provides trust guarantees for code execution in the cloud similar to transport layer security for data transport or advanced encryption standard algorithms for data storage. Cloud infrastructure providers like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft introduced TEEs as part of their infrastructure offerings. This review will shed light on the different technological options of TEEs, as well as give insight into organizational issues regarding their usage.

Retraction Note to: High-throughput field-programable gate array implementation of the advanced encryption standard algorithm for automotive security applications

Retraction Note to: High-throughput field-programable gate array implementation of the advanced encryption standard algorithm for automotive security applications