Russian Adults Research Articles

RESTRICTIVE MEASURES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND SLEEP QUALITY IN SPRING 2020: RUSSIAN NATIONAL ONLINE SURVEY OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION IN SPRING 2020

Introduction: Good sleep is an important determinant of health. Poor sleep quality is associated with poor health outcomes. Restrictive measures introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring 2020 have led to unprecedented changes in human lives worldwide warranting research on different aspects of the influence of restrictive measures on human health and behavior. Aim: To study associations between the restrictive measures during COVID-19 pandemic and sleep characteristics in Russia. Moreover, we studied factors associated with changes in sleep patterns. Methods: We conducted a national online survey between 26 April 2020 and 6 June 2020 when the tightest measures were in place. Eligible participants included all Russian adults aged 18 years and over. The questionnaire contained 31 items and included mostly close-ended questions. Sleep quality was assessed before the COVID-19 pandemic and in the last 7 days during the study period. The respondents were asked to determine whether they were getting enough sleep, whether they had trouble falling asleep, and whether they woke up earlier than they wanted. Results: In spring 2020, 2 432 individuals from 62 regions of Russia completed web-based questionnaires. Most of them were from the Republic of Tatarstan (n = 804), Irkutsk (n = 474), Sakhalin (n = 225) and Tver regions (n = 152). For most of the respondents, the sleep characteristics analyzed in the study did not change. Negative changes in comparison with the period before the pandemic were noted a fifth of respondents while positive changes were reported by by 12-30 %. A third of respondents (30.3%) reported that the number of days without getting enough sleep decreased , ranging from 13.8 % in Sakhalin Oblast to 56.9 % in Tver Oblast. Adherence to the self-isolation regimen (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI 1.62-2.86), the presence of children (OR = 0.7, 95 % CI 0.59-0.84) and living in rural areas (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI 1.26-1.98) were the main correlates of sleep problems. Conclusion: Most of responders did not report changes in sleep quality. However, substantial regional differences were identified. identification of characteristics associated with negative sleep changes may contribute to development of targeted measures to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognitive functions in older Russian adults

Abstract Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increasing due to the global trend towards an aging population. CVD and cerebrovascular disease have a negative impact on cognitive health, and CVD risk factors may also be associated with cognitive decline with aging. Purpose To investigate associations of modifiable risk factors for CVD with cognitive functions (CF) in older Russian adults. Methods A random population sample (3153 men and women, aged 55–84 years) was examined in our city in the 3rd wave of the Russian arm of the international project HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe). We used standardized epidemiological and instrumental methods for assessment of risk factors, history and treatment of CVD. Cognitive tests included the assessment of memory indicators (immediate and delayed recall), semantic verbal fluency (animal naming), attention, concentration and processing speed (letter cancellation task). Associations between CVD risk factors and cognitive indices were analyzed cross-sectionally. Results Mean age in men was of 69.2±7.0 years (n=1198), in women - 69.7±6.9 (n=1955). In both sexes all cognitive domains were positively associated with education and negatively with age (p<0.001 for all cases). In men, after adjusting for health and lifestyle conditions, systolic blood pressure had inverse association with semantic verbal fluency (p=0.015); level of plasma glucose (p=0.003), waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.013) and smoking (p=0.028) were negative associated with letter cancellation task. In multivariate analyses in women, frequency of alcohol consumption (p<0.001 for all CF) and total cholesterol (p=0.042 for memory scores; p=0.001 for letter cancellation task) had positive relationship with CF indices, waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.002 for memory scores, p=0.038 for semantic fluency), level of plasma glucose (p=0.002 for memory scores, p<0.001 for letter cancellation task) and smoking (p<0.001 for letter cancellation task) had inverse relationships with cognition. Conclusion Our results show that metabolic risk factors (systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, waist-to-hip ratio) and smoking had inverse relationship with CF indices in both sexes, and the level of blood lipids (total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and frequency of alcohol consumption (more pronounced in women) had positive associations with cognitive domains. These associations were independent from age. In multivariate analyses, some of these correlations were attenuated, and most associations were at least partly mediated by education. These findings highlight the importance of managing CVD risk factors to prevent cognitive decline. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Russian Foundation for Basic Research (20-313-90016),Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A17-117112850280-2)

Between-study differences in grip strength: a comparison of Norwegian and Russian adults aged 40-69years.

BackgroundIdentifying individuals with low grip strength is an initial step in many operational definitions of sarcopenia. As evidence indicates that contemporaneous Russian populations may have lower mean levels of grip strength than other populations in northern Europe, we aimed to: compare grip strength in Russian and Norwegian populations by age and sex; investigate whether height, body mass index, education, smoking status, alcohol use and health status explain observed differences and; examine implications for case‐finding low muscle strength.MethodsWe used harmonized cross‐sectional data on grip strength and covariates for participants aged 40–69 years from the Russian Know Your Heart study (KYH) (n = 3833) and the seventh survey of the Norwegian Tromsø Study (n = 5598). Maximum grip strength (kg) was assessed using the same protocol and device in both studies. Grip strength by age, sex and study was modelled using linear regression and between‐study differences were predicted from these models. Sex‐specific age‐standardized differences in grip strength and in prevalence of low muscle strength were estimated using the European population standard of 2013.ResultsNormal ranges of maximum grip strength in both studies combined were 33.8 to 67.0 kg in men and 18.7 to 40.1 kg in women. Mean grip strength was higher among Tromsø than KYH study participants and this difference did not vary markedly by age or sex. Adjustment for covariates, most notably height, attenuated between‐study differences but these differences were still evident at younger ages. For example, estimated between‐study differences in mean grip strength in fully adjusted models were 2.2 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 3.1] at 40 years and 1.0 kg (95% CI 0.5, 1.5) at 65 years in men (age × study interaction P = 0.09) and 1.1 kg (95% CI 0.4, 1.9) at age 40 years and −0.2 kg (95% CI −0.7, 0.3) at 65 years in women (age × study interaction P < 0.01).ConclusionsWe found between‐study differences in mean grip strength that are likely to translate into greater future risk of sarcopenia and poorer prospects of healthy ageing for Russian than Norwegian study participants. For example, the average Russian participant had a similar level of grip strength to a Norwegian participant 7 years older. Our findings suggest these differences may have their origins in childhood highlighting the need to consider interventions in early life to prevent sarcopenia.

Loneliness among Middle-Aged and Older Middle-Aged Adults in Russia (Saint Petersburg) before and during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Loneliness has been considered a major challenge since long before the pandemic. Changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic included modifications in social communications and activities. Thus, it was expected that loneliness would increase during the pandemic. The first studies of loneliness during the pandemic revealed inconsistent results. We hypothesized that physical isolation led to changes in the quality of relationships; thus, loneliness trends could be different from those predicted. For our study we used methods to measure loneliness: the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S) for Adults and Older Adults; the Multidimensional Inventory of Loneliness Experience; and demographic data. Participants were middle-aged and older middle-aged adults (n = 457) aged 35–59 (M = 45.5, SD = 6.88, 35.4% males). Participants came from two studies: Study 1 consisted of 280 participants aged 35–59 (M = 44.8; SD = 6.93; 29.6% males), the study was conducted before the pandemic in late 2019; participants in Study 2 were adults (n = 177) aged 35–59 (M = 46.5; SD = 6.68; 44.6% males), data were collected in the fall of 2020. The results did not confirm increase in loneliness; moreover, participants reported lower scores of loneliness in some domains. Regression analyses showed that general experience of loneliness was predicted by different loneliness characteristics in pre-pandemic and pandemic age groups. We found some similar mechanisms that were activated within different situations. Our results confirmed the complex nature of loneliness, they argue that pandemic effects were not limited to increase in loneliness and that the mechanism of loneliness can adjust to environmental factors.

Phase 3, open-label, Russian, multicenter, single-arm trial to evaluate the immunogenicity of varicella vaccine (VARIVAX™) in healthy adults

ABSTRACT Varicella (chickenpox) is a common, highly contagious disease caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). Adults typically experience more severe symptoms than children and have a higher risk of developing complications. Stage 1 of this Phase 3 open-label study enrolled healthy adults in Russia aged 18–75 years without a clinical history of varicella infection. Eligible participants (n = 50) were administered 2 doses of VARIVAX™ (Varicella Virus Vaccine Live [Oka/Merck]) 0.5 mL 6 weeks apart. For participants seronegative at baseline (VZV antibody titer <1.25 glycoprotein enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay [gpELISA] units/mL), immunogenicity was assessed by seroconversion (VZV antibody titer ≥5 gpELISA units/mL) and assessment of geometric mean titers of VZV antibody as measured by gpELISA 6 weeks after Dose 2. For VZV seropositive participants at baseline (VZV antibody titer ≥1.25 gpELISA units/mL), immunogenicity was assessed by geometric mean fold rise in antibody titer and percentage of participants with a ≥ 4-fold rise in antibody titer 6 weeks after Dose 2. A Vaccine Report Card was used to record solicited and unsolicited adverse events through 42 days post-vaccination. All participants who were seronegative (n = 26) at baseline demonstrated seroconversion 6 weeks after Dose 2. Among participants who were seropositive at baseline (n = 23), 60.9% had a ≥4-fold rise in antibody titer 6 weeks after Dose 2. Vaccination was generally well tolerated, with no new safety signals identified. Administration of 2 doses of VARIVAX in adults in Russia results in acceptable immune responses with safety data consistent with the licensed product (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03843632).

Food purchase and eating behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of Russian adults

The Russian government took strong containment measures to prevent the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with rigid hygiene protocols and restrictions on daily living, such as social distancing and closing businesses and schools. While these measures were crucial to stop the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2, numerous voices highlighted their disorderly psychological, social, and economic impacts on food consumption behavior and lifestyle. Therefore, this paper aims to understand how consumers’ food-related habits in Russia have shifted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and potential problems and opportunities this might bring for the Russian food system. The study is based on an online cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire administered in Russian through the Survey Monkey platform. A total of 1297 valid answers was collected. The results reveal that diet and food shopping, preparation, and use have been widely affected. Indeed, the survey results suggested (i) a change in the modality of acquiring food, consumers reduced the number of shopping trips and buying more on each trip to minimize store visits; (ii) a surge of stockpiling of non-perishable food items; (iii) a shift toward healthier diets; (iv) an increase in culinary capabilities; (v) a decrease of food waste. The results are expected to inform current emergency plans as well as long-term food-related strategies in Russia.

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity: Results of the Russian online survey on spring 2020

Funding AcknowledgementsType of funding sources: None.IntroductionThe Russian Federation reported one of the largest number of COVID-19 infections. In spring 2020 social distancing, travel bans, the cancellation of sporting and other mass participation events, and changes to work practices have dramatically affected daily life throughout the country. Major restrictions were introduced on the 28th March 2020 with the level of restrictions varied depending on the epidemiology of the virus from region to region. Cities with a large number of cases had the most strict restrictions such as limitations on any outdoor activities. In cities with a smaller number of cases limitations were less strict, especially with outdoor activities. Indoor sport activities were limited across the country and outdoor sports were restricted – depending on the situation in the region.The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on the levels of physical activity among adults in Russia.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected during the period of tightest restrictions between 26 April 2020 and 6 June 2020. The link on the on-line survey was distributed through the regional centers of public health. Eligible participants included all Russian adults aged 18 years and over. Participants reported frequency and duration of walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity, and muscle strengthening activities before COVID-19 and during the past seven days.ResultsA convenience sample of 2432 adults from 62 regions of Russia completed a 15-min self-report questionnaire. Participants were primarily female (83%). Compared with before COVID-19, physical activity was adversely affected during COVID-19. The average time spent in MPA and VPA each declined by around 12 minutes per day (42.43 ± 37.57 to 30.44 ± 35.35 and 37.79 ± 37.80 to 26.56 ± 34.69, respectively [all P < 0.001]). The number of minutes per day spent walking decreased by around 20 minutes from 60.5 ± 38.66 to 40.83 ± 38.6 (P < 0.001). The proportion of participants who met the WHO Guidelines for physical activity declined from 68% to 49% (P < 0.001). The proportion who participated in muscle strengthening activities for 2 or more days per week declined from 53% to 45% (P < 0.001). Compared with those who did not use online PA resources, those who did were 1.4 (95%CI 1.3, 1.5) and 1.9 (95%CI 1.8, 2.1) times more likely to meet the recommendations for PA and for muscle-strengthening activities, respectively.ConclusionEffective health promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintain positive health-related behaviors such as targeted social media messaging and balanced media reporting, should be used to increase the physical activity during these unprecedented times.

Modelling the impact of compliance with WHO salt recommendations on cardiovascular mortality in Russia

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction High salt intake is considered the primary diet-related risk factor (being responsible for 3 million deaths and 70 million DALYs), because of its association with NCDs, such as cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, stroke, and hypertension). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended daily salt intake is known to be &amp;lt;5 g / day (2 g sodium per day). Despite strong evidence indicating that high salt intake relates to chronic diseases and mortality, most adults do not comply with dietary recommendations. The average amount of salt consumed per day is significantly higher and amounts to 11.35 g/day among Russian adults (2018). The purpose of this study is to model the impact of following the national salt consumption recommendations in decreasing N of death attributable to excessive salt consumption. Methods This study provides a health impact evaluation, which models the effect of sodium reduction on mortality associated with blood pressure and CVD in 2018 in Russia. Cardiovascular disease included coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertensive disease, heart failure, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism and rheumatic heart disease. The observed salt intake from the Russian National Health Survey of 2018 was used to determine the reference (baseline) scenario and the counterfactual scenario considered that average salt consumption was reduced to 5g/day. A comparative risk assessment model, the Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl (PRIME) was used to estimate the deaths from cardiovascular diseases that could be averted or postponed based on the sodium recommendation scenario compared to the baseline scenario. The sensitivity of the model to the results from the meta-analyses was assessed with Monte Carlo simulations. Results In 2018, an estimated 104 602 (95%: 46 832, 154 233) deaths from CVDs could have been prevented if the average salt consumption had been reduced to 5 g/day in Russia. Coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and hypertensive disease accounted for 97% of these deaths. The modelled reduction in deaths for coronary heart disease was 59 454, for stroke 37 306 and for hypertensive disease 4 833. Conclusion A considerable number of lives could be saved if Russians adhered to the national salt intake recommendations.

Changes in physical activity and sleep habits among adults in Russian Federation during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the levels of physical activity (PA) and sleep and to examine specific COVID-19 factors that may be associated with changes in PA and sleep among adults in Russia.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected during the period of tightest restrictions between 26 April 2020 and 6 June 2020. Eligible participants included all Russian adults aged 18 years and over. Participants reported their sleep patterns and problems, frequency and duration of walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA, and muscle strengthening activities before COVID-19 and during the past 7 days. Access to an outdoor green space and fitness centres, use of online resources, adherence to self-isolation recommendations and other preventive measures from Ministry of Health were self-reported.ResultsThe sample included 2432 participants from 62 regions, 83% of who were female. There was a significant decline in the number of days per week participants reported not getting enough sleep (3.21 ± 2.44 to 2.86 ± 2.57; P < 0.001); participants also reported an increase in the number of days per week they had trouble falling asleep (1.70 ± 2.24 to 2.13 ± 2.48; P < 0.001). The proportion of participants who met the WHO Guidelines for PA declined from 68 to 49% (P < 0.001). The proportion who participated in muscle strengthening activities for 2 or more days per week declined from 53 to 45% (P < 0.001).ConclusionCompared with before COVID-19, PA and sleep hygiene were adversely affected during COVID-19. Awareness of factors associated with these declines will assit policymakers in developing strategies to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement.

What Regional Living Conditions Affect Individual Smoking of Adults in Russia.

Objectives: Our study evaluated the impact of a wide range of characteristics of large administrative regions on the individual level of cigarette smoking in the Russian adult population. Methods: The pool of participants included 20,303 individuals aged 25–64 years. We applied 64 characteristics of the 12 Russian regions under study for 2010–2014. Using principal component analysis, we deduced five evidence-based composite indices of the regions. We applied the generalized estimating equation to determine associations between the regional indices and the individual level of smoking. Results: The increased Industrial index in the region is associated with the probability of smoking (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.24). The other indices show associations with smoking only in separate gender and educational groups. Surprisingly, it was found that the Economic index has no associations with the probability of smoking. Conclusion: We evaluated the key associations of the territorial indices with the individual probability of smoking, as well as the mutual influence between the territorial indices and individual factors.

The prevalence of psychopathological symptoms in population during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant lifestyle changes for the world’s population. The infection poses a threat to mental health due to direct invasion of the central nervous system of SARS-CoV-2, as well as as a source of mental stress associated, in particular, with the deformation of the structure of interpersonal communications under quarantine conditions.ObjectivesThe study was conducted to comparatively study the phenomenology and severity of psychopathological manifestations in quarantined and non-quarantined people during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFrom April 18 to June 15, 2020, an online questionnaire “Symptom List 90” (SCL-90) was conducted among 837 adults in Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and other countries. 426 respondents were in strict home quarantine; 302 observed social distancing, but could go to work; 109 were not socially isolated.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the overall severity index (GSI) between strictly quarantine and non-quarantine groups with GSI values of 0.51 (0.24; 0.99) and 0.33 (0.16; 0.75), respectively (p = 0.001). Indicators of anxiety, depression, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, phobic anxiety, hostility and psychoticism were also significantly higher in quarantined individuals than in non-quarantined individuals (p &lt;0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the analysis indicate that in a pandemic, the most susceptible to psychopathological disorders are those living in the most severe quarantine, while the contingent whose lifestyle changes little under these conditions shows the best indicators of mental health. These data indicate the need to optimize the system of psychiatric preventive and curative care for the population in a pandemic.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.

Measuring COVID-19 anxiety among russians: Examining the psychometric properties of russian translations of the covid-anxiety scale and the fear of coronavirus-19 scale

IntroductionBoth the COVID-Anxiety Scale and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale have been recently developed to facilitate research on COVID-19 anxiety.ObjectivesTo examine the psychometric properties of Russian translations of the COVID-Anxiety Scale and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale.MethodsIn order to examine the psychometric properties of Russian translations of the COVID-Anxiety Scale and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale, a total of 341 Russian adults completed both measures.ResultsFirst, a high level of COVID-19 anxiety was found in the sample. Second, confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the Russian translations of both the COVID-Anxiety Scale and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale had satisfactory psychometric properties, with both scales having a hypothesised one-factor structure. Third, a significant positive association was found between both the COVID anxiety scales. Fourth, higher COVID anxiety scores were associated with being female, and being older.ConclusionsThese findings provide initial evidence for the satisfactory properties of the Russian translations of the COVID-Anxiety Scale and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale. Further research is suggested that examines the prevalence and psychological correlates of COVID-19 anxiety.

АНАЛИЗ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ О РОДИТЕЛЬСТВЕ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ, ИМЕЮЩИХ И НЕ ИМЕЮЩИХ ДЕТЕЙ

Statement of the problem. Solving the problem of psychological and pedagogical support for parents requires studying the request for psychological assistance from their side. In our opinion, this can be done by studying social ideas of modern parents about various aspects of the parenthood phenomenon. The purpose of the article is to present a comparative analysis of semantic cores of ideas about parenthood in adults with and without children. Materials and methods. The research methodology is represented by the concept of social representations by S. Moscovici, as well as generalized studies in the field of social representations by Russian and foreign scientists (K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, G. M. Andreeva, E. Yu. Artemyeva, O. E. Baskansky, I. B. Bovina, M. I. Volovikova, T. P. Emelyanova, I. Markova, L. G. Pochebut, P. N. Shikhirev, E. V. Yakimova, J. K. Abrik, P. Verges, D. Jodle). Research results. The core of ideas about parenting in adults with and without children are concepts that reflect emotional and behavioral components of parenthood. According to Russian adults who do not have children, parenthood is a responsible and very complex phenomenon, and this can make them postpone child birth. In the minds of potential parents, there is a fairly idealized image of a parent who has remarkable personal qualities, is understanding, caring, and knows how to raise a model child. This largely explains their references to “not being ready” to be a parent, as well as subsequent dissatisfaction with the experience of parenthood, when the ideal image does not correspond to reality. Conclusion. Differences in understanding the concept of parenting in people who have and do not have children clearly describe the crisis experienced by parents when their expectations of parenthood do not meet the reality in which the parental role is performed. In this regard, programs of psychological preparation for parenthood are important, as well as psychological and pedagogical support for young parents in the process of developing their parental competence.

Studying accelerated cardiovascular ageing in Russian adults through a novel deep-learning ECG biomarker

Background: A non-invasive, easy-to-access marker of accelerated cardiac ageing would provide novel insights into the mechanisms and aetiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as contribute to risk stratification of those who have not had a heart or circulatory event. Our hypothesis is that differences between an ECG-predicted and chronologic age of participants (δage) would reflect accelerated or decelerated cardiovascular ageing Methods: A convolutional neural network model trained on over 700,000 ECGs from the Mayo Clinic in the U.S.A was used to predict the age of 4,542 participants in the Know Your Heart study conducted in two cities in Russia (2015-2018). Thereafter, δage was used in linear regression models to assess associations with known CVD risk factors and markers of cardiac abnormalities. Results: The biomarker δage (mean: +5.32 years) was strongly and positively associated with established risk factors for CVD: blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol and smoking. Additionally, δage had strong independent positive associations with markers of structural cardiac abnormalities: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and pulse wave velocity, a valid marker of vascular ageing. Conclusion: The difference between the ECG-age obtained from a convolutional neural network and chronologic age (δage) contains information about the level of exposure of an individual to established CVD risk factors and to markers of cardiac damage in a way that is consistent with it being a biomarker of accelerated cardiovascular (vascular) ageing. Further research is needed to explore whether these associations are seen in populations with different risks of CVD events, and to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved.

Адаптация методики «социотропность—самодостаточность» на российской выборке взрослых и пожилых людей

Present paper describes that adaptation of a questionnaire on the sociotropy or own assumptions and goals. Paper presents the results of the psychometric validity of the Russian adaptation of the Questionnaire for middle and older adults. Participants were adults aged 35-75 (N=358; M= 49,27; SD = 11,08; 75,5 % — females). Our adaptation was based on a New Zealand version of the “Socitropy/ Autonomy scale” by A. Beck. To check the criterial validity we used “Differential questionnaire of loneliness experiences”, “Social and emotional loneliness scales for middle and older adults”, “Psychological well-being scale by C. Ryff”. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory analysis identified four subscales: “Social non-confidence”, “Dependence on other’s opinion”, “Affiliation” and “Independence”. Psychometric tests proved that all identified scales had internal consistency, and form a general factor. Final confirmatory analysis showed that four scales are comparatively independent. Analysis of the results in age and sex groups showed that the questionnaire maintained its consistency in age groups (middle adulthood, later adulthood, aging) as well as for males and females. Thus, our results revealed that our adaptation could be used on adults and older adults in Russia.

Official statements of the expert meeting on pneumococcal vaccination in adults in Russia

The purpose of the meeting is to obtain an opinion on approaches and recommendations for vaccine prevention of pneumococcal infections in adults.

ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ И КОНТРОЛЬ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИИ – ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ СНИЖЕНИЯ СМЕРТНОСТИ ОТ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ СИСТЕМЫ КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ

Significance. Over the last two decades, Russia has been regestering the increased prevalence of high blood pressure among adults. The relationship between blood pressure and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system has been proved. Reducing morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system calles for improved efficiency of the state health system to detect and control blood pressure at the population level. Purpose. To improve organization of measures aimed at detecting high blood pressure and enhancing control of arterial hypertension in order to reduce adult mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in Russia. Material and methods. The authors have conducted a content analysis of regulatory and legal documents regulating activities of individual structures of the public health system on medical examination and follow-up of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, registration and reporting forms of the federal statistical surveillance (FSN No. 12) and industry statistical surveillance (No.131/o), including information on the number of adults with arterial hypertension residing within the catchment area of the healthcare facility in dynamics from 2010 to 2019, as well as information on the number of newly diagnosed cases of arterial hypertension during medical examination of certain groups of the Russian adult population in 2015-2019; and the number of patients taken under medical follow-up with the detected (including newly diagnosed) arterial hypertension. Results. During the period from 2010 to 2019, the number of registered patients with arterial hypertension in Russia increased by 5.4 million (46%), from 11.7 in 2010 to 17.1 million in 2019. The rate of growth in the detection of new cases of arterial hypertension actively increased with initiation of the state program on medical examination of certain groups of the adult population (state checkup for non-communicable diseases). Coverage with follow-up of patients with arterial hypertension increased from 905.7 thous. in 2015 (69.5%) to 1321.4 thous. (77.0%) in 2019, including among newly detected cases during medical examination from 74.9 to 83.4%. Decrease in mortality from arterial hypertension, diseases of the circulatory system and total mortality over the period under study (2010-2019) in Russia is primarily associated with the improved detection of arterial hypertension, increased effectiveness of drug treatment and control of arterial hypertension. Conclusion. Improved detection, drug treatment and control of arterial hypertension have contributed to the decrease in mortality from arterial hypertension, diseases of the circulatory system and total mortality in the Russian adults.

Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in a high infection-rate country: a cross-sectional study in Russia.

Background:COVID-19 vaccine development is proceeding at an unprecedented pace. Once COVID-19 vaccines become widely available, it will be necessary to maximize public vaccine acceptance and coverage.Objective:This research aimed to analyze the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Russia.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Russian adults from September 26th to November 9th, 2020. Predictors of the intent to take up COVID-19 vaccination were explored using logistic regression.Results:Out of 876 participants, 365 (41.7%) would be willing to receive the vaccine if it became available. Acceptance increased for a vaccine with verified safety and effectiveness (63.2%). Intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was relatively higher among males (aOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.41-4.00), people with lower monthly income (aOR=2.94, 95%CI 1.32-6.57), and with positive trust in the healthcare system (aOR=2.73, 95% CI 1.76-4.24). The Russian people were more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine if they believed that the vaccine reduces the risk of virus infection (aOR=8.80, 95%CI 5.21-14.87) or relieves the complications of the disease (aOR=10.46, 95%CI 6.09-17.96). Other barriers such as being unconcerned about side-effects (aOR=1.65, 95%CI 1.03-2.65) and the effectiveness and safety of the vaccination (aOR=2.55, 95%CI 1.60-4.08), also affected acceptance.Conclusions:The study showed the usefulness of the health belief model constructs in understanding the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rate in the Russian population. This rate was influenced by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, and health beliefs. These findings might help guide future efforts for policymakers and stakeholders to improve vaccination rates by enhancing trust in the healthcare system.

Socio-psychological predictors and types of personal long-term orientation

The results of an empirical study that address the structure and socio-psychological predictors of the long-term orientation among young Russian adults (N = 1970) are presented. The hypothesis about the exis-tence of different socio-psychological types of long-term orientation was confirmed. Along with short-term-oriented types (“pessimists” —

Феномен самозванца в профессиональной среде: роль мотивации и перфекционизма

Background. Th e impostor phenomenon is the term used to describe high-performing individuals who fail to internalize their success in spite of their high achievements and experience constant fear that they will be found as frauds by their peers. Th e close links between the impostor phenomenon, perfectionism and professional motivation are oft en referred to, though no empirical studies of the nature of these links have been conducted. Objective. Th e objective of this research is to study motivation and perfectionism as potential predictors of the impostor phenomenon in the work context. Design. 320 working Russian respondents took part in this cross-sectional study. Th ey fi lled out the questionnaire containing three scales: Th e Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, Th e Short Almost Perfect Scale (R. Slaney), Th e Scale of Professional Motivation (E. Osin, T. Ivanova, T. Gordeeva). Results. Th e results of the multiple regression analysis indicate that maladaptive perfectionism and professional amotivation could be regarded as positive predictors of the impostor phenomenon in working Russian adults. Conclusion. Th e results of the current study could be used in diagnostics and counselling of employees with maladaptive perfectionism and professional amotivation. Preventive measures aimed at adjusting employees’ attitudes to their professional obligations could prevent not only the development of the impostor phenomenon but a range of the related negative psychological and organizational outcomes.