Prostate Of Adult Rats Research Articles

Role of Alpha-lipoic acid and Naringin in Modulating Bisphenol-A Induced Perturbations of Prostate in Adult Rats (Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Role of Alpha-lipoic acid and Naringin in Modulating Bisphenol-A Induced Perturbations of Prostate in Adult Rats (Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Effects of chronic restraint stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats.

To investigate the effects of chronic stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats. Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed) and the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult). Restraint stress stimuli were applied for six weeks. Stressed prepubertal and adult rats evaluated immediately after the last stress stimuli were named SP and SA groups, respectively. Age-matched rats were used as control groups (CP and CA). At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and prostate morphological parameters were evaluated and statistically compared. Application of stress stimuli to the SP group resulted in reduced body weight, but no prostate morphological modification was noted. The SA group showed reduced testosterone level and prostatic epithelium surface density, in comparison to CA group. Further, the prostatic lumen surface density was increased in adult stressed animals, in comparison to adult controls. The stress stimuli promoted changes in hormonal and morphological parameters in the prostate of adult stressed rats. Prepubertal stressed animals did not presented modifications of prostate morphology.

Effect of diet containing sesame seeds on testis and prostate of adult Wistar rats

Effect of diet containing sesame seeds on testis and prostate of adult Wistar rats

Harmful Impacts of Bisphenol A on the Prostate of Adult Albino Rat and the Possible Role of Recovery: Histological and Immunohistochemical study

Harmful Impacts of Bisphenol A on the Prostate of Adult Albino Rat and the Possible Role of Recovery: Histological and Immunohistochemical study

CHANGES IN LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF MALE RATS DUE TO THE TRANSPLACENTAL ACTION OF CHEMICAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS

Abstract. In everyday life, people come into contact with chemical products that have hormone-like properties, for example, antiandrogenic (dibutyl phthalate, DBP) or estrogenic (bisphenol A, BPA). For a number of years, the issue of the potential harm of low doses of these endocrine disruptors (ED) for a developing fetus after entering the body of a pregnant mother has been discussed. Taking into consideration the ED ability to overcome the placental barrier, and the fact that one of the general mechanisms of the pathogenic effect of ED on humans and animals is oxidative stress, it is reasonable to study the state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the reproductive organs of adult male offspring, which was subjected to prenatal effects of low doses of DBP and BPA. The aim is to elucidate the prenatal effect of low doses of DBP and BPA on the content of LPO products in the ventral prostate (VP) and gonads of adult male rats. Material and methods. Wistar rats received orally an oil solution of DBP at 100 mg / kg bw. or BPA in Dorfman gel at 25 μg / kg bw per day from 15 to 21 days of pregnancy, control animals – carriers of drugs. In male offspring of 6 and 18 months of age, the contents of LPO products – malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC) – were determined per mg of protein in the VP and testes. Results. In the testes of young rats prenatally exposed to DBP, the contents of both studied LPO products were significantly increased. The content of MDA in the VP of aging experimental rats exceeded 6 times, and DC – 1.5 times the values of control animals. The expression levels of MDA and DC in the testes of experimental animals increased by 134 % and 37 %, respectively. In the testes of 6-month-old rats exposed to BPA in utero, the contents of LPO products significantly increased in comparison with the control group: MDA by 155 %, DC – by 16 %. In the VP, the content of MDA significantly increased, DC did not differ from the control group. Conclusions. The result of oral administration of DBP to rats at a threshold dose relative to reproductive fetotoxicity during the last week of pregnancy is the activation of LPO in the testes of young and in the VP and testes of aging offspring. Oral administration of a subthreshold BPA dose to rats in the last week of pregnancy leads to the activation of LPO in the testes and the VP of young offspring. Key words: dibutyl phthalate, bisphenol A, prenatal action, lipid peroxidation, male rats, ventral prostate, testes.

Protective effect of indole 3 carbinol on toxicity of prenatal exposure of bisphenol A on adult rat prostate" A Light and Electron Microscopic Study"

Protective effect of indole 3 carbinol on toxicity of prenatal exposure of bisphenol A on adult rat prostate" A Light and Electron Microscopic Study"

The effect of Zinc Nanoparticles on Adult rat Prostate gland and the Possible Protective role of Rutin: histological and biochemical study

Abstract:Introduction: Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) usage is evolving in different industrial and medical applications. However, recently nanoparticles were reported for their harmful effects. Rutin is a flavonoid that presents in plants, many veg‌etables, and fruits. It is considered a strong antioxidant.Aim: To detect the effect of ZnNPs on the adult rat prostate gland and evaluating the possible protective effect of Rutin. Materials & Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Group I (control), Group II (ZnNPs group) rats received ZnNPs in a dose of 100 mg/kg via oral gavage feeding needle for 28 days. Group III (Rutin group): rats received rutin in a dose of 50 mg/kg via oral gavage feeding needle for 28 days. Group IV (ZnNPs- Rutin group): rats received Zn NPs and rutin at a dose and route as groups II, III. After 28 days, rats were weighed; blood samples were collected then sacrificed. The prostate glands were dissected and processed for histological (LM and EM), immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies with morphometric analysis. Results: Light microscopic examination of Group II sections revealed degeneration of acini, vacuolation, and pyknotic nuclei of their lining cells. A highly statistically significant increase in thickness of the fibromuscular stroma (P ˂ 0.001) in Masson Trichrome sections and a highly statistically significant increase (P ˂ 0.001) in positive PCNA immunoreactions in the nuclei of epithelial cells were detected. Ultrathin sections showed vacuolations in acinar cells cytoplasm. Those findings are associated with a highly significant increase in Malondialdehyde, and Prostatic specific antigen. On the contrary, Group IV sections displayed restoration of prostatic acini arrangement with areas of hyperplasia and a statistically decrease in MDA, PSA. Conclusion: These findings evidenced that Rutin had a natural protective role against ZnNPs induced prostatic cell injury in rats.

Ameliorating Effect of Platelet- rich plasma on Histological and Biochemical Changes Induced by Bisphenol-A in Prostate of Adult Albino Rats

The incidence of male reproductive disorders has been increased and may be linked to the environmental natural and synthetic chemicals. These chemicals are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); Bisphenol-A (BPA) is the most common one. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autogenous and economical source of growth factors which nowadays used in the tissue repair. So, this study aimed to use the histological and immunehistochemical approaches for evaluating the possible therapeutic effect of PRP against BPA induced prostatic lesions in adult albino rats. Thirty five adult male albino rats were divided into 3 main groups. Group I served as control, Group II in which the rats were received 50 mg/kg BPA once daily for 4 weeks, Group III in which the rats were received BPA as group II then 0.5 ml of PRP subcutaneous injected twice weekly for 4 weeks. After 8 weeks, rats of all groups were subjected to the followings; biochemical analysis of serum testosterone, immunohistochemical studies for androgen and estrogen receptors (AR &ER), light and electron microscope examination. Serum testosterone levels showed a highly significant decrease in group II when compared to others. Histologically, BPA treated prostate showed abundant collagen fibers with congested blood vessels and inflammatory cellular infiltration while, their acini showed numerous folds with epithelial stratification. Ultrastructurally, the secretory cells had heterochromatic nuclei, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, apical few microvilli and polymorphic secretory granules with lysosomes. Nearly all acinar cells showed negative nuclear ARs while positive ERs detection in basal cells. After PRP administration, showed amelioration of many of these changes. We concluded that exposure to BPA at low dose induced deleterious effects on the histological structure of the prostate and disturbed reproductive hormones. PRP showed significant signs of restoration of these changes.

Effect of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes on the Adult Rat Prostate and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin E

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a disorder of metabolism, has adverse effects on all organ systems including reproductive organs due to insulin deficiency. The aim of the present work was to study the impact of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and the potential protective role of vitamin E on the adult rat prostate. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups (10 rats per group). First group was control negative, while the second group was control positive. Rats in the 3rd group were received streptozotocin dissolved in a citrate buffer by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight once daily. 2 weeks after confirmation of diabetes induction rats were sacrificed. Rats in the fourth group after induction of diabetes were fed with vitamin E supplemented diet for 15 days then the rats were sacrificed. The prostatic lobes were dissected out and processed for histological and immuno-histochemical examinations. Hormonal assay was performed and Statistical analysis was done.Results: No structural differences were found between the two control groups. The diabetic group showed thinning of acinar epithelial lining; sever cellular infiltration and areas of exudate in interstitial tissue. By immunohistochemical staining, apparent decrease of the acinar cells with positive immunostaining androgen receptor reaction was observed. Also decreased serum testosterone level in diabetic group was noticed. Supplementation of vitamin E was found to improve most of the prostatic changes associated with DM.Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin E improves the prostatic changes produced by DM.

Fetal programming by high-fat diet promoted the decreased of the prostate in adult Wistar albino rats

We investigated the effect of a high-fat diet on body metabolism and ventral prostate morphology in 4-months-old offspring. The mother was fed with a control (C) or a high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, the offspring diet remained the same (C/C, n = 8; HF/HF, n = 8) or it was switched (C/HF, n = 8; HF/C, n = 9). Biometry, blood pressure (BP), glucose, lipid metabolism and ventral prostate were evaluated. Triacylglycerol of HF/C increased, and the C/HF group had decreased HDL-c levels (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0100, respectively). All groups on the HF diet presented hyperglycemia (P = 0.0064). Serum testosterone diminished in the C/HF group (P = 0.0218). The HF diet, regardless of the period, reduced prostatic acinar area (P < 0.0001). The epithelium height was smaller in HF/C and HF/HF groups compared with C/C and C/HF (P < 0.0001), and the volume density of epithelium was lower in HF/C group compared with the C/C and C/HF (P = 0.0024). The volume density of smooth muscle cells diminished in C/HF and HF/C (P = 0.0013), and the volume density of connective tissue was reduced in HF/C and HF/HF (P < 0.0001). High-fat diet intake during prenatal and postnatal life leads to prostatic atrophy, which may impair prostate secretory activity and contractility, and thus disturb reproductive function in adulthood.

Ectopic subcutaneous transplantation of fetal rat urogenital sinus and seminal vesicle promotes the organ growth and formation

PurposeThe fate of subcutaneously transplanted urogenital sinus (UGS) and seminal vesicle (SV) was investigated in the present study. Materials and MethodsFetal UGS and SV extracted from 20-embryonic-day-old male normal and GFP transgenic rats were subcutaneously transplanted into 7-week-old male immunologically inhibited rats. The transplants were then examined at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after transplantation. We analyzed the survival ratio, weight, and histopathology as well as the immunohistochemical characteristics of the transplanted tissues. For control experiments, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-week-old normal male rats were used. ResultsAlmost all of the transplanted tissues survived under the skin, and the tissue weights increased over time after transplantation. The histopathological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining pattern with certain antibodies of the transplanted tissues were similar to those of normal adult rat prostate and seminal vesicle. The transplanted GFP transgenic tissues demonstrated spontaneous growth and organ formation under the skin, showing distribution and movement of transplanted cells and tissues. ConclusionSubcutaneously transplanted fetal UGS and SV were able to develop into mature adult organs.

Nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise affect prostate morphology and hormone receptor interface in adult rats with implications for the aging process.

Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is an anabolic-androgenic steroid, and its indiscriminate use leads to subclinical alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and androgen-dependent organs. To evaluate the effects of ND, either alone or in combination with resistance exercise (RE), on the levels of sex hormones, converting enzymes, and steroid receptors and the morphology of the ventral prostate (VP) in adult and aged rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley adult and aged rats were divided into four groups each, sedentary and trained with and without ND. The groups received treatments over 8weeks. Adult animals were sacrificed immediately following treatment completion, while the aged groups were left untreated until 300days of age. Adult and aged animals showed reductions in testosterone levels following the different treatments, and 17β-estradiol levels were decreased in the ND-treated groups. The level of 5α-reductase type 2 (5αR2) and aromatase was increased significantly in the prostates of adult animals that performed RE. However, aromatase levels were decreased in the prostates of aged animals that performed RE and were treated with ND, while 5αR2 levels were reduced in aged animals that performed RE without ND treatment. When sex receptors levels were examined, the aged and trained animals presented low androgen receptor (AR) levels. Estrogen receptors (ERs) levels were increased in the prostates of adult animals that received ND. ERβ levels were reduced after treatments in aged animals. The heights of the prostatic epithelium were reduced in all adult treated animals, coinciding with increases in PCNA and PAR4 levels. ND and RE alter the levels of hormone, converting enzymes, and sex steroid receptors and the morphology of the VP. These effects were observed in both adult and aged rats. ND, either with or without RE, during post-puberty stage is able to interfere with the morphophysiology of the prostate.

Toxicity of Subacute Oral Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Testes and Prostate of Adult Albino Rats and Role of Recovery

Abstract Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have immense potential and application in various types of cosmetic products and health care sectors. They have attractive properties, and attracted great interest

Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum on Prostate Functions in Hormonal Induced Enlarged Prostate in Adult Rats

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histological disease characterised by an increased number of epithelial cells and stromal cells within the prostate gland. We investigated the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on BPH induced animal model.&#x0D; Methods: BPH was induced in male rats weighing 250-350 g through exogenous administration of testosterone and estradiol. A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups. One group was used as a control, and the other groups received subcutaneous injections of the two hormones. Groups 1 to 2 were treated orally with different doses of extract and group 3 received finasteride, group 4 was left untreated, and group 5 served as normal control. After forty-five days of treatment with the extract, the animals were sacrificed blood collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. The prostate glands were harvested and processed for paraffin embedding and stained with H and E.&#x0D; Results: Treatment with the extract and finasteride resulted in significant (P &lt; 0.05) decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), estradiol and prolactin and testosterone when compared to BPH control. Also, there was a significant increase in the protein content of the prostate gland when compared to BPH control. Prostate weight was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced in treated groups compared to BPH control. This was supported by the histological examination of the prostate gland. Conclusion: Therefore, Ocimum gratissimum was effective in reducing PSA, prolactin, testosterone, estradiol and prostate weight induced BPH in a rat model, and may be useful for the clinical treatment of patients with BPH.

Modulation of inflammatory and hormonal parameters in response to testosterone therapy: Effects on the ventral prostate of adult rats.

Testosterone is often recommended in the treatment of several aging-related conditions. However, there are still questions about the consequences of this therapy in terms of hormonal and inflammatory parameters that are crucial for prostate homeostasis. Thus, we investigate if the testosterone therapy (TT) modulates the hormone receptors and inflammatory cytokines in the ventral prostate of adult rats. Wistar rats aging 150 days were divided into two experimental groups (n = 10/group): T: received subcutaneous injections of testosterone cypionate (5 mg/kg body weight) diluted in corn oil every other day for 4 weeks; and C: received corn oil as vehicle. Animals were euthanized at 180 days old by decapitation. Blood was collected to obtain hormone and cytokines concentrations. The ventral prostate was dissected and processed for light microscope and molecular analyses. Relative ventral prostate weight and epithelial compartment were increased after TT. The number of intact and degranulated mast cells was reduced in the T group. Plasma testosterone, DHT and intraprostatic testosterone concentrations were higher in the T group. TT leads to an increase in cell proliferation and up-regulation of AR, ERβ, PAR-4, and NRF2. Importantly, plasma concentration and tissue expression of IL-10 and TNF-α were higher after TT. In summary, these results indicate that TT can regulate inflammatory response, with impacts in cytokines and mast cell population, and modulates steroids receptors, important parameters for prostatic homeostasis.

Histological and Histochemical Changes Induced by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Prostate of Adult albino Rats

Aims of the study: To evaluate the histological and histochemical changes induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the adult prostate and to correlate the changes with the levels of testosterone. Materials and Methods: eighty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; 3 treated and 1 control. The treated groups were received 10, 50 or 100 IU/kg BW of hCG, while the controls received normal saline. The doses were given twice weekly for 3 months via subcutaneous injections. Subsequently, on day 1, 30, 60 and 90 post therapy, blood samples and the prostate glands were obtained for evaluation. Results: All the doses of hCG caused accumulation of secretory products within the prostate, which resulted in dilatation of the acinar lumens, reduction of the mucosal folds, and non dose dependent diminution in height of the lining epithelial cells. Moreover, foci of hyperplasic cells were observed in the prostate. The therapy increased the collagen fibers of the gland. The general distribution of the Periodic Acid-Sciff (PAS) +ve material was not altered. Most of these changes were reversible within 3 months. Conclusions: Treatment with hCG causes accumulation of secretory products within the prostate and in turn affects the structure of the prostate.

Atrazine affects the morphophysiology, tissue homeostasis and aromatase expression in the efferent ductules of adult rats with mild alterations in the ventral prostate

The widely used herbicide atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor known to cause increased aromatase expression and transient increase in testicular weight followed by remarkable testis atrophy. However, whether the effects of atrazine on the testes are primary or secondary to dysfunctions in other components of male reproductive tract remains unknown. Given the high sensitivity of the efferent ductules to estrogen imbalance and the similarity to alterations previously described for other disruptors of these ductules function, and the testicular alterations observed after atrazine exposure, we hypothesized that the efferent ductules could be a target for atrazine. Herein we characterized the efferent ductules and the ventral prostate of adult Wistar rats treated with 200 mg/kg/day of atrazine for 7, 15, and 40 days. Additionally, we evaluated if the effects of atrazine in these organs could be reduced after discontinuation of the treatment. Atrazine exposure resulted in mild effects on the ventral prostate, but remarkable alterations on the efferent ductules, including luminal dilation, reduced epithelial height, and disruption of the epithelial homeostasis, which coincides with increased aromatase expression. Together with our previous data, these results suggest that at least part of the testicular effects of atrazine may be secondary to the alterations in the efferent ductules.

Study of Probable Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A &amp; the Protective Role of Vitamin E on Testes and Prostate of Adult Male Albino Rats

Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in industries in wide range. It is usually detected in the environment and has oestrogenic effects which are usually harmful to the reproductive system. Exposure to some oestrogenic compounds alters the growth and development of the reproductive organs that may lead to infertility or cancer. Aim: The aim of this work is to detect the Bisphenol A effects on testes and prostate of adult male albino rats and assess the protective role of vitamin E. Material and methods: 30 adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 4 groups: Group I (control group) (12 rats): which subdivided into 2 equal subgroups: Subgroup (A) (negative control group): 6 rats received only regular diet and water to determine the basic values of performed tests for 8 weeks. Subgroup (B) (vehicle control group): 6 rats received 1 ml of corn oil (the vehicle of BPA and vitamin E) by oral gavage once daily for 8 weeks. Group II (vitamin E treated group) (6 rats): Each rat gavaged orally with 200 mg/kg body weight vitamin E once daily for 8 weeks. Group III (Bisphenol A treated group) (6 rats): Each rat gavaged orally with 325 mg/kg body weight BPA (1/10 LD 50) in 1ml of corn oil as a vehicle once daily for 8 weeks. Group IV (Bisphenol A and vitamin E treated group) (6 rats): Each rat gavaged orally with (200 mg/kg body weight vitamin E then 325 mg/kg body weight Bisphenol A) once daily for 8 weeks. Serum levels of testosterone were estimated. Testes and prostate histopathological and immunohistochemical examination were performed. The results: The results after being statistically analyzed and tabulated revealed that oral BPA adminstration induced a significant decrease in serum total testosterone levels. It also induced histopathological alterations in testes and prostate with increased Caspase3 immunoreactivity. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral BPA adminstration induced destructive effects in the testes and prostate, and vitamin E administration during exposure to BPA offers protection against its damaging effect. Recommendations: The use of BPA must be decreased and avoid the improper usage of plastic containers in order to decrease the health hazards resulting from BPA exposure. Administration of vitamin E may ameliorate the adverse effects of BPA on the function of reproductive system.

Impact of maternal and postnatal zinc dietary status on the prostate of pubescent and adult rats.

Zinc is important for cell physiology and alteration of its levels during development can modulate a series of biological events. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary zinc deficiency or supplementation during morphogenesis and early postnatal development could interfere in prostate maturation. Pregnant rats were exposed to a standard diet (NZ:35 mg Zn/kg chow), low-zinc diet (LZ:3 mg of Zn/kg chow) and zinc-supplemented diet (HZ:180 mg/Kg chow) from gestational day 10 (GD10) through postnatal day 21 (PND21). After weaning, male offspring were divided into three groups that were submitted to the same food conditions as their mothers until PND53. The animals were euthanized at PND53 and PND115. The ventral prostate was removed, weighed and its fragments were subjected to histological, western blot and zymography analysis. PND53: body and prostate weight were lower in LZ compared to NZ; the epithelial compartment was reduced while the stromal compartment was increased in LZ compared to NZ; there was an increase in the amount of collagen and reduction in AR and SIRT1 expression in LZ compared to NZ. PND115: body weight was lower in LZ compared to NZ and prostate weight was similar among the groups; peripheral physiological hyperplasia was observed, as well as an increased epithelial proliferation index and reduced PAR4 expression in LZ and HZ compared to NZ. Zinc deficiency during prostate morphogenesis and differentiation is potentially harmful to its morphology, however, by restoring the standard dietary environment, the gland responds to the new microenvironment independent of the previous dietary condition.

Long-term effects of perinatal exposure to low doses of cadmium on the prostate of adult male rats.

Developmental toxicity caused by environmental exposure to heavy metals during the perinatal period has raised questions about offspring health. Cadmium (Cd) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical with the potential to interfere with morphogenesis and susceptibility to diseases in reproductive organs. Taking into account that in the rat prostate morphogenesis occurs during the perinatal period, and that pregnant females absorb and retain more dietary Cd than their non-pregnant counterparts, it is important to understand the effects of perinatal Cd exposure on the adult rat prostate. Therefore this study investigated the effects of gestational and lactational Cd exposure on adult offspring rat prostate histopathology. Pregnant rats (n=20) were divided into two groups: Control (treated with aqueous solution of sodium acetate 10mg/l) and treated (treated with aqueous solution of cadmium acetate 10mg/l) administered in the drinking water. After weaning, male offspring from different litters (n=10) received food and water 'adlibitum'. The animals were euthanized at postnatal day 90 (PND90), the ventral prostates (VPs) were removed, weighed and examined histopathologically. Blood was collected for the measurement of testosterone (T) levels. Immunohistochemistry for androgen receptor (AR) and Ki67, and a TUNEL assay were performed. There were no differences in T levels, cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes, or AR immunostaining between the experimental groups. Stromal inflammatory foci and multifocal inflammation increased significantly in the treated group. These changes were associated with inflammatory reactive epithelial atypia and stromal fibrillar rearrangement. In conclusion, VP was permanently affected by perinatal Cd exposition, with increased incidence of inflammatory disorders with ageing.